Pursuing Medicina [Medicine]: Latina Physicians and Parental Messages on Gendered Career Choices

Sex Roles - Prior research underscores that college-educated Latinas are hyper-segregated into highly feminized occupations and that Latino parents socialize their daughters to seek out these...     

Interpretations of Messages

This research examined interpretations of messages as a function of whether they are equivocal or unequivocal, whether they protect self‐face or other‐face, and whether the perceivers of the messages are directly involved in the conversation or overhear it. The role of self‐monitoring and gender were also assessed. Results of Study 1 (N=463) revealed that equivocation is perceived as more polite but less honest and less competent than unequivocal criticism. Equivocation addressing other‐face is the most polite, and criticism of the other is the least polite. Females perceive equivocation as more polite than do males. Ego‐involvement influences perceptions independently and through its interaction with equivocation. No support was found for the role of self‐monitoring or the notion that equivocation conveys a more positive meaning than unequivocal criticism. Study 2 (N = 496) replicated the findings concerning the politeness, honesty, self‐other differences, gender differences, self‐monitoring, and meaning associated with equivocation.     

Preaching Messages We Never Intended

Abstract

Churches and denominations are increasingly practicing welcome and affirmation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ) people and many seminaries and divinity schools now incorporate training on LGBTIQ competency into the curriculum. Yet, amid increasingly overt affirmation, there are subtler ways of bringing to expression the long history of Christian LGBTIQ negativity that are unintentional and often go unnoticed and unchallenged in institutional contexts. This article introduces the social scientific concept of “microaggressions” as a necessary component of training for religious professionals intending to work with and alongside LGBTIQ persons. The article will suggest that in the context of preaching, microaggressions—brief, unintended, and often-unconscious expressions of LGBTIQ denigration — should be examined as a part of the curriculum in homiletics classrooms. What can be learned about microaggressions in the classrooms can serve as a parallel for continued examination of the subtly aggressive speech acts that are perpetrated against LGBTIQ people as “unofficial” messages of denigration, often in self-identified “welcoming” schools and congregations.     

Parental Autonomy

ABSTRACT We argue that in societies like our own the prevailing view that parents have both special responsibilities for and special rights over their children fails to give a proper understanding of the autonomy both of parents and of children. It is our claim that there is a logical priority of the separable interests of a child over the autonomy of its parents in the fulfilment of their special responsibilities for and the exercise of their special rights over their children. However, we believe that in acknowledging the child as a distinct locus of interests appropriate weight can still be given to parental autonomy. In particular, since raising a child is a long-term commitment which plays a central role in the life-plans of many adults it will be a legitimate exercise of an adult's autonomy strongly to influence the future of any children involved in such a plan. Such influence will be quite separate from paternalistic concern for those children. But the logical priority of the child's interests will at the same time show why parents are not entitled to behave proprietorially toward their children, even when paternalistic concern is called for.     

Parental Rights

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with the philosophical foundations of parental rights. Some commonly held accounts are rejected. The question of whether parental rights are property rights is examined. It is argued that there are useful analogies with property rights which help us to see that the ultimate justification of parental rights lies in the special value of parenthood in human life. It is further argued that the idea of generation is essential to our understanding of parenthood as having special value and that parental rights properly belong, in the first instance, to natural parents.     

厄洛斯神话的哲学启示

The myth of Er at the end of Plato's Republic is usually conceived as an eschatological one set in a philosophical context.It thus reveals the relationship between philomythos and phylosophos,and the interaction between myth and philosophy in a creative manner.Engaging and thought-provocating as it is,it is deployed to stir much reflection on the possible aspects of the human soul in terms of justice and injustice.In addition,it well demonstrates how Plato applies it as one of many typical cases to his post...     

Reactance and Norm Appeal in Anti-Littering Messages

Although littering is a significant social problem, there is only a relatively small amount of quantitative research on it; there is little systematic theory concerning the variables which influence it. This study presents a theoretical model of how anti-littering messages vary in the kind of social pressure against littering they attempt to impose. Three experiments were performed to test the model. It was found that messages making explicit commands against the act of littering (external pressure) actually generated more littering than messages making appeal to social normative standards concerning littering (internal pressure). Other data relevant to the model and areas in which additional research is needed also are discussed.     

Messages about physical attractiveness in animated cartoons

Relying upon a content analysis of one specific type of medium to which young people are exposed beginning at an early age, on a regular basis, and for many years (i.e., animated cartoons), the present study examines what types of messages are provided about being physically unattractive, physically attractive, and ordinary-looking. This research concerns itself with identifying the characteristics that tend to be associated with being good-looking or unattractive, and then discussing the implications of the findings. Results indicate that many variables were found to differ based on cartoon characters’ physical attractiveness, including gender, age, intelligence, body weight, emotional states experienced, prosocial behaviors, antisocial behaviors, and overall goodness/badness. Whenever differences were found, the overriding tendency was for cartoons to provide positive messages about being attractive and negative messages about being unattractive.     

Parental licensure.

Most of the 1,400,000 men currently locked up in American prisons would have become tax-paying neighbors had they been switched in the hospital nursery and sent home with a mature, self-supporting, married couple. The parent with whom they did go home would in most instances not have been fit to adopt someone else's baby. It is argued that perhaps the only effective way to reduce crime and the other pathologies of the growing American underclass--apart from building still more prisons--would be to require from persons wishing to birth and rear a child of their own those same minimal criteria usually expected in adoptive parents. For evolutionary reasons, human beings are reluctant to interfere with the procreational rights of any person, no matter how immature, incompetent, or unsocialized he or she might be. In consequence, human beings tend not to think about the right of the child to a reasonable opportunity for life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.     

Parental authority questionnaire

A questionnaire was developed for the purpose of measuring Baumrind's (1971) permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parental authority prototypes. It consists of 30 items per parent and yields permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative scores for both the mother and the father; each of these scores is derived from the phenomenological appraisals of the parents' authority by their son or daughter. The results of several studies have supported the Parental Authority Questionnaire as a psychometrically sound and valid measure of Baumrind's parental authority prototypes, and they have suggested that this questionnaire has considerable potential as a valuable tool in the investigation of correlates of parental permissiveness, authoritarianism, and authoritativeness.     

Parental Authority Questionnaire

A questionnaire was developed for the purpose of measuring Baumrind's (1971) permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parental authority prototypes. It consists of 30 items per parent and yields permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative scores for both the mother and the father; each of these scores is derived from the phenomenological appraisals of the parents' authority by their son or daughter. The results of several studies have supported the Parental Authority Questionnaire as a psychometrically sound and valid measure of Baumrind's parental authority prototypes, and they have suggested that this questionnaire has considerable potential as a valuable tool in the investigation of correlates of parental permissiveness, authoritarianism, and authoritativeness.