关注儿童艾滋病和艾滋孤儿

目前,我国艾滋病处于快速增长期,儿童艾滋病患者增长较快,艾滋孤儿亦逐渐增多.儿童艾滋病以母婴传播为主要途径,所以切断母婴垂直传播是遏制艾滋病向儿童传播的有效方法,应采取药物治疗、产科干预和人工喂养等综合措施.同时高度重视艾滋孤儿问题,采取措施预防出现下一代的艾滋孤儿,整个社会包括政府要加大对这些儿童的支持和关爱.     

社会支持的利用度与流动儿童心理韧性的关系:自尊的中介作用

采用社会支持量表、自尊量表和青少年心理韧性量表,对石河子市450名流动儿童进行调查,来探讨流动儿童社会支持与心理韧性的关系,并检验自尊的中介作用,其中社会支持由社会支持的利用度表征。结果表明:(1)社会支持的利用度与流动儿童的心理韧性呈正相关。(2)自尊在社会支持的利用度与心理韧性中起到部分中介作用。社会支持的利用度通过自尊对流动儿童的心理韧性产生更积极的效果。     

流动儿童的压力和社会支持状况及社会支持保护作用的研究

对流动儿童的领悟社会支持状况以及流动儿童的社会支持在压力与心理适应之间的关系中是否起调节作用进行了探索。给334名流动儿童和237名城市儿童及其家长施测青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）和Achenbach儿童行为量表（家长版）（CBCL）。结果发现,流动儿童的领悟社会支持得分显著低于城市儿童,层次多元回归分析的结果表明,社会支持在压力与心理适应之间的关系中起调节作用,表明社会支持对流动儿童的心理适应起保护作用。     

防艾宣传大学生对艾滋病患者的内隐态度与交往意愿

目的：探讨大学生防艾宣传者对艾滋病患者的内隐态度。方法：采用自编大学生与艾滋病患者交往意愿调查问卷,通过测量获得对艾滋病患者有较高交往意愿的防艾宣传者100名,并随机抽取其中30名作为实验被试,完成了两组内隐联想测验（IAT）。结果：当艾滋病相关词与普通正性词相联以及非艾滋类乙型传染病与普通负性词相联时,其平均反应时低于艾滋病与一般消极性词相联及非艾滋类乙型传染病与普通正性词相联时的反应时;当艾滋病相关词与正性人际词相联以及非艾滋类乙型传染病与负性人际词相联时,其平均反应时与艾滋病和负性人际词相联及非艾滋类乙型传染病与正性人际词相联时的反应时无统计学意义的差异。结论：大学生防艾宣传者对各类传染病患者的内隐交往意愿处于同一水平,但相对于非艾滋类乙型传染病而言,其对艾滋病患者的消极厌恶水平较低。     

慈悲喜舍:让佛光温暖艾滋患者——“佛光之家”积极探索中国南传佛教界防艾治艾新模式

早在1999年,云南省西双版纳傣族自治州佛教协会就组织西双版纳僧人参与艾滋病防治培训,积极探索宗教界关怀和帮助艾滋(AIDS)病人和艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者的公益新模式。近10年来,西双版纳州佛教协会以"佛光之家"[1]为平台,通过僧人讲授"五戒"[2]来规范信众行为以预防艾滋,讲授"四无量心"[3]让社会了解并接受AIDS病人和HIV感染者,讲授"四圣谛"[4]、"八正道"[5]、"十二因缘"[6]等佛法让其接受现实并消除对社会的报复心理,讲授禅修"四念处"来稳定其情绪,通过临终关怀让其远离死的恐惧。与此同时,     

社会支持对流动儿童社会退缩的影响:心理弹性的中介作用

目的:探讨心理弹性在社会支持与流动儿童社会退缩之间的中介作用。方法:采用社会支持评定量表、青少年心理弹性量表和班级戏剧量表对258名流动儿童进行调查。结果表明:(1)活跃退缩与社会支持、心理弹性呈显著负相关; 安静退缩与社会支持相关不显著,与心理弹性呈显著负相关; 社会支持与心理弹性呈显著正相关;(2)社会支持、心理弹性显著负向预测流动儿童的活跃退缩;(3)心理弹性在社会支持与流动儿童活跃退缩之间具有完全中介作用。     

农村艾滋病人心理支持典型案例分析

艾滋病的防治不仅是药物治疗的问题,还应该重视病人的心理问题.介绍农村地区开展艾滋病人心理支持的三个典型案例,HIV检测确诊阳性后心理支持的案例、需要长期心理支持的案例、心理支持后自强不息的案例,进行案例分析,并探讨艾滋病人心理支持策略,为今后开展类似活动提供参考依据.     

酒精性肝损伤的防治思考

艾滋病是当前许多国家面临的最主要的公共卫生和社会问题。社会支持在艾滋病的预防与控制方面发挥着重要作用,运用社会支持网络理论,阐述了社会支持的概念与作用,分析了艾滋病患者的社会支持需要及艾滋病患者社会支持现状,并提出了完善社会支持系统的几点建议。     

非洲防控艾滋病的本土模式

防控艾滋病的全球模式主要基于危机减少和治疗干预，在可接受性、可支付性等方面存在制约。非洲控制艾滋痛流行的本土解决办法内容十分丰富，与现代方法相比，同样甚至更加有效。非洲典型的本土艾滋病防控模式有：危机避免模式、本土药物开发模式和传统护理、支持模式，值得研究和借鉴。     

农村艾滋病人心理支持典型案例分析

艾滋病的防治不仅是药物治疗的问题,还应该重视病人的心理问题。介绍农村地区开展艾滋病人心理支持的三个典型案例,HIV检测确诊阳性后心理支持的案例、需要长期心理支持的案例、心理支持后自强不息的案例,进行案例分析,并探讨艾滋病人心理支持策略,为今后开展类似活动提供参考依据。     

灾后孤儿创伤后应激障碍的发生发展及其认知神经机制

灾后孤儿亲历双重重大创伤, 是创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD)的高发群体; 同时, 巨大创伤对其认知功能和行为模式也带来一定程度的影响。本研究拟以灾后孤儿这一特殊群体为研究对象, 考察“PTSD发生发展及其认知神经机制”, 具体如下：(1) 采用序列研究设计, 展开灾后孤儿PTSD流行病学调查, 描述其PTSD发生发展、变化的轨迹和时程特点; (2) 展开横断研究, 考察灾后孤儿认知发展特点, 并通过结构方程模型, 揭示其PTSD发生发展的心理行为机制; (3) 采用眼动和脑电技术展开比较研究, 考察罹患PTSD孤儿的认知神经机制。本研究的研究结果将对今后的灾后孤儿安置及心理援助提供科学建议; 为有针对性地提供心理干预、制定心理干预的总体规划提供科学依据; 力争为今后孤儿的创伤心理的诊断、干预效果评估提供科学客观的指标和方法。     

Psychological Distress in Orphan,Vulnerable Children and Non-Vulnerable Children in High Prevalence HIV/AIDS Communities

The degree of psychological distress and access social support is investigated in children (n = 741) living in nine high prevalence HIV/AIDS communities. They comprised (i) vulnerable, maternally-orphaned (n = 319); (ii) vulnerable and not orphaned (n = 276); and (iii) typically developing (n = 146). The following psychometric tests were administered: The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (Townsend, 2002); the Reynolds Depression Scale for Children (Reynolds, 1989); and the Social Support Scale (Beale Spencer, Cole, Jones & Phillips Swanson, 1997). Primary caregivers completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (Conners, Parker, Sitarenios, & Epstein, 1998) and an Adversity Index (Killian, 2004a) to establish the vulnerability status of each child. The data were analysed to distinguish the groups from each other regarding profiles of distress. The findings suggest that vulnerable children, be they orphaned or not, manifest similar degrees of emotional distress and perceived themselves as unable to access social support. Interventions should address the needs of both orphans and other vulnerable children, without prioritising the needs of orphans over other vulnerable children.     

Parental loss, trusting relationship with current caregivers, and psychosocial adjustment among children affected by AIDS in China

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between parental loss, trusting relationship with current caregivers, and psychosocial adjustment among children affected by AIDS in China. In this study, cross-sectional data were collected from 755 AIDS orphans (296 double orphans and 459 single orphans), 466 vulnerable children living with HIV-infected parents, and 404 comparison children in China. The trusting relationship with current caregivers was measured with a 15-item scale (Cronbach's α?=?0.84) modified from the Trusting Relationship Questionnaire developed by Mustillo et al. in 2005 (Quality of relationships between youth and community service providers: Reliability and validity of the trusting relationship questionnaire. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14, 577-590). The psychosocial measures include rule compliance/acting out, anxiety/withdrawal, peer social skills, school interest, depressive symptoms, loneliness, self-esteem, future expectation, hopefulness about future, and perceived control over the future. Group mean comparisons using analysis of variance suggested a significant association (p?相似文献   

Social Relations,Coping, and Psychological Distress Among Persons With HIV/AIDS1

The interrelationships among social support, coping style, and psychological distress were examined using longitudinal data from a sample of 212 persons with HIV/AIDS. Structural equation modeling analyses showed significant indirect effects on psychological distress for avoidant coping, feeling loved and understood, satisfaction with support, rejection by family members, discrimination because of HIV status, and number of AIDS symptoms. The inclusion of negative social interactions in the model is an important extension of the stress‐support literature. Feeling loved and understood mediated the relationship between social support and coping style choice. Results highlight the multidimensional nature of the processes that shape psychological outcomes in HIV disease. and suggest several potential points of intervention, including social‐support efforts that increase the sense that one matters to others, and interventions to assist patients to move from avoidant to active coping strategies.     

The psychological impact of AIDS on gay men

The profound psychological impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic on gay men needs to receive greater attention from mental health professionals. The specific treatment approach depends upon the individual's location on the AIDS-related conditions continuum. For men already diagnosed with AIDS, psychological themes include fears of death and dying, guilt, concerns about exposure of a homosexual life-style, fear of contagion, loss of self-esteem, decreased social support and increased dependency needs, stigmatization, loss of occupational and financial security, confusion over medical treatment options, and severe depression. The integration of a mental health service into AIDS special care hospital wards and participation in support groups are particularly useful for men with AIDS. Anxiety is the major clinical symptom among those who have not developed full-blown AIDS, but show signs of immune suppression. Issues for men in this "gray zone" include isolation, poor social and occupational functioning due to fatigue, shame, and frustration of achievement needs. Stress- reduction techniques are especially important with this population, to eliminate further compromise to the immune system or even to strengthen it. Many asymptomatic gay men ("the worried well") are manifesting acute psychological symptoms such as panic, generalized anxiety, obsessional thinking about AIDS, and somatization. Training in the negotiation of safe-sex agreements can reduce some of this anxiety. In general, the AIDS epidemic has introduced an existential component to psychotherapy with gay men, with a concern over issues such as the meaning of life and death.     

Social Support Provision to HIV-Infected Gay Men1

The study examined associations between attitudes toward homosexuality, fear of AIDS, blame of persons infected with the HIV-virus, and social support provision to these individuals. A sample of HIV-infected gay men reported on the support they receive from specific members of their social networks. These network members then completed questionnaires assessing the predictor variables. Homophobia, homosexual preference, and the interaction of these two variables were positively associated with blame. Blame, together with fear of AIDS and low levels of psychological well-being, were negatively associated with provision of emotional support. Fear of AIDS was also related to negative changes in the quality of recipients' and providers' relationships. Finally, emotional support was strongly related to adjustment to illness among support recipients. Results suggest important points for intervention to promote adjustment to HIV infection among gay men.     

The Capacity for Emotional Growth

As the AIDS epidemic continues to spread throughout Australia, the incidence of infection is moving from the major risk group of middle-aged gay men to involve bisexual men, women, and youth. Because of their age, the latter group has unique problems lacking formal legal and social recognition and access to established institutions. The Albion Street Centre, a screening clinic for the AIDS virus, provides medical management and psychosocial services to infected youth. A major component of the psychosocial facilities is an emotional support group. This article reviews the literature relating to support groups and suggests why this therapeutic approach is especially useful for youth who have come into contact with the AIDS virus. The nature of the support group is detailed with particular reference to important issues and suggestions made for future developments during its operation.     

女性主义视野下的艾滋病与技术乐观论——科技发展不能代替社会责任

自从1981年发现世界第一个艾滋病人以来,艾滋病对人类的危害越来越严重。产生这种情况的原因除了一般的社会因素之外,还有一个重要的因素就是人类所持的技术乐观主义的观点,使得人们认为艾滋病在很短的时期内就可以得到有效的解决。这种对于技术的过于乐观对有效控制艾滋病产生的影响并不好,人类需要重新审视自己应对艾滋病的态度。女性主义视野的介入给我们提供了一种新的认识艾滋病的角度,更有利于在解决问题中的正确定位。     

Values of Children among Sub-Saharan African Women: The Case of Ghanaian Women

This paper examines whether previously suggested reasons for having children: economic, social and psychological values of child can be identified among a group of sub-Sahara women, and the extent to which a spiritual value of child can be identified on the basis of African's belief in ancestors and its influence on their daily lives. Two groups of Ghanaian mothers—270 women (mean age = 42.14 years) with adolescent-aged child and 264 mothers (mean age =31.41 years) with a young child—participated in the study. Exploratory factor analyses found mixed support for the existence of social and psychological values of child. Economic values of child could not be identified. However, spiritual values of child came out as a clear factor, and accounted for about 10% of the explained variance, albeit the explained valiance was less than that from social and psychological values of child. The implications of these for family planning in sub-Sahara Africa and for fighting HIV/AIDS are discussed.