(二)关于《比较美学发展前瞻》一文剽窃的调查

赵连元的《比较美学发展前瞻》(载于《学习与探索》2000年第4期,以下简称“赵文”)一文,大量地抄袭了古风的《21世纪:比较美学的世纪》(载于《文化与传播》第四辑,深圳海天出版社1996年6月版,以下简称“古文”)一文,存在着严重的剽窃行为.具体调查如下: 一、赵文剽窃清单 (一)赵文题目《比较美学发展前瞻》,是窃取古文观点拟定的. 古文第一个小标题是:“大趋势:比较美学的新世纪即将来临”(古文,第5页).其实,这就是对于比较美学发展的前瞻.     

当今世界穆斯林人口情况

现在全世界穆斯林的人口已达到13亿,占世界总人口的27%,非伊斯兰国家的穆斯林人口已达到5亿,约占世界穆斯林总人口的46%。阿拉伯国家人口情况一览表:国家名称人口约旦492.1万(1996年)阿联酋202.8万巴林54万突尼斯921.8万(1997年)阿尔及利亚2980.11万(1998年)吉布提49.6万沙特2276万(2001年)苏丹3729.0298万(2002年)叙利亚1539.1万(1996年)索马里984.5万伊拉克1894.9万(1992)阿曼225.6万(1997年)巴勒斯坦60.21万卡塔尔50.1万(1996年)科摩罗63万科威特165.2万(1998年)黎巴嫩296.5万利比亚175万(1998年)埃及6521万(2000年)摩洛哥2809.2万(1997…     

回眸《中国基督教教会规章》

正1991年12月,中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会第四届、中国基督教协会第二届常务委员会第四次会议上通过了《中国基督教各地试行规章制度》(以下称《试行规章》),1996年对《试行规章》进行修定,制定了《中国基督教教会规章(1996)》,2008年又在此基础上,制定了《中国基督教教会规章(2008)》(以下分别称为《教会规章》)。     

重点人群梅毒流行病学与行为生活方式调查与分析

本文对成都市武侯区近年来 32 16 2例婚检者梅毒流行病学特征做了调查 ,现将结果报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　资料来源 :1996～ 1999年成都市武侯区妇幼保健院婚前检查登记资料 ,共 32 16 2例 ,年龄 2 0～55岁 ,男女各半。1 2　调查内容 :主要为 1996～ 1999年间我区婚检人群梅毒发病人数、发病率、性别构成、个人行为生活方式及发病原因。2　结果　2 1　流行概况 :1996～ 1999年间 ,成都市武侯区婚检人群累计发现梅毒患者 19例。 1996～ 1997年每年发现 1例 ,此间发病率最低 (0 11‰ ) ,1998年发病率最高 (1 33‰ ) ;平均年发病率为 0 …     

全国报刊部分哲学论文索引

马克思对本体论的批判和重建/杨筱刚∥天府新论(成都).1992,4.52～59马克思对主体客体关系问题的解决及其意义许凯 湖北师范学院学报·哲社版(黄石).1992,4.13～19马克思“重建个人所有制”理论研究:再论重建劳动能力个人所有制/袁中良,王东京∥江汉论坛(武昌).1992,7.36～42论马克思“科学是生产力”观点的理论内涵与启示/赵凌云∥江汉论坛(武昌).1992,7.30～35马克思的人本质概念/陈刚∥江苏社会科学(南京).1992,4.42～46,51     

全国报刊部分哲学论文目录索引

马列主义经典作家思想研究马克思恩格斯意识形态理论探源/周兴文//江海学刊(南京).1992,1.118～123对马恩关于未来社会特征论述的思考/武克全//探索与争鸣(上海).1992,1.20～24评所谓马克思晚年认识转变论/奚兆永//哲学研究(北京).1992,1.41～47略论马克思历史观前提(上)/单少杰//社会科学战线(长春).1992.1.9～16马克思的“五形态论”与“三形态论”/叶险明//学术界(合肥).1992,1.23～28马克思关于国家与社会关系的论点述略/洪韵珊//社会科学研究(成都).1992,1.10～14马克思东方社会理论与历史评价的两种尺度/启良//学术界(合肥).1992,1.17～22、67共产主义理想烛照下的美学建构:论马克思早期美学思想的两个特点/庄锡华//文艺理论与批评(北京.).1992,1.74～80     

盐酸戊乙奎醚应用于大样本小儿外科手术麻醉前用药分析

为了观察盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)应用于小儿外科手术麻醉前用药效果及不良反应,选取1 535例小儿外科手术,随机分为三组,观察麻醉前用药唾液分泌量、体温和血流动力学变化.结果发现气管插管和拔管时,三组分泌物量有差异(P＜0.01).三组基础体温无差异(P＞0.05),组内有差异(P＜0.05).三组基础心率无差异(P＞0.05),组内有差异(P＜0.01).三组平均动脉压无差异(P＞0.05).因此PHC 0.04mg/kg应用于小儿外科手术麻醉前用药,能有效抑制唾液腺分泌,维持体温和血流动力学稳定.     

全国报刊部分哲学论文索引

马列主义经典作家思想研究论马克思从传统理性主义向现代理性主义的转变/衣俊卿//浙江学刊(杭州).1992,5.5～10马克思“西东方社会理论”思维方式刍议/雷弯山//中共浙江省委党校学报(杭州).1992,3.53～56论马克思历史观对事实与价值冲突的两种解决/刘森林∥哲学研究(北京).1992,9.17～23马克思的社会有机体理论与现代社会运行/林坚//中国人民大学学报(北京).1992,5.41～46论马克思的集体主义理论特质/徐俊忠∥广东社会科学(广州).1992,4.22～26“我对我的环境的关系是意识”:新版《德意志意识形态》第一章手稿学习札记/张一兵//天府新论(成都).1992,5.39～46     

国际人类基因组组织(HUGO)伦理委员会关于利益分享的声明(2000年4月9日于温哥华)

1 导言 国际人类基因组组织(HUGO)伦理委员会赞成在HUGO关于遗传研究正当行为声明中提出的下列四项原则(1996):     

好人巴拿巴——领袖中的领袖

一、巴拿巴其人其事 巴拿巴原名约瑟,是一个利未人,出生于居比路(即现在的塞浦路斯).后因他善于安慰、劝勉和鼓励人,使徒们送他一个雅号--叫巴拿巴(劝慰子之意).     

Implicit memory and depression: preserved conceptual priming in subclinical depression

Depression impairs explicit memory but research on implicit memory is equivocal. Initial studies indicated preserved implicit memory, implying a depressive deficit in intentional but not unintentional forms of memory. Subsequent research indicated that conceptual priming is reduced in depression, implying a deficit in conceptual memory processes be they implicit or explicit. However, the findings with conceptual priming may be compromised by explicit contamination. The present study compared subclinically depressed and non-depressed participants on matched conceptual tests of explicit memory (category-cued recall) and implicit memory (category production). The implicit test was followed by a post-test questionnaire used to categorise participants as test-aware or test-unaware. On the explicit test, the subclinically depressed participants recalled less than the non-depressed participants. The results on the implicit test depended on test-awareness. Among test-unaware participants, conceptual priming was equivalent across the two groups, whereas for the test-aware, non-depressed participants produced significantly more priming than the subclinically depressed. This indicates that when explicit contamination is controlled, depression does not impair conceptual priming. The depressive dissociation between implicit and explicit memory is better accounted for by the difference between intentional and unintentional forms of memory rather than by the difference between conceptual and perceptual memory processes.     

Direct comparison of two implicit memory tests: word fragment and word stem completion.

In 3 experiments, the implicit memory tests of word fragment and word stem completion showed comparable effects over several variables: Study of words produced more priming than did study of pictures, no levels-of-processing effect occurred for words, more priming was obtained from pictures when Ss imaged the pictures' names than when they rated them for pleasantness, and forgetting rates were generally similar for the tests. A different pattern of results for the first 3 variables occurred under explicit test conditions with the same word fragments or word stems as cues. We conclude that the 2 implicit tests are measuring a similar form of perceptual memory. Furthermore, we argue that both tests are truly implicit because they meet Schacter, Bowers, & Booker's (1989) retrieval intentionality criterion: Levels of processing of words have a powerful effect on explicit versions of the tests but no effect on implicit versions.     

Implicit memory. Retention without remembering

Explicit measures of human memory, such as recall or recognition, reflect conscious recollection of the past. Implicit tests of retention measure transfer (or priming) from past experience on tasks that do not require conscious recollection of recent experiences for their performance. The article reviews research on the relation between explicit and implicit memory. The evidence points to substantial differences between standard explicit and implicit tests, because many variables create dissociations between these tests. For example, although pictures are remembered better than words on explicit tests, words produce more priming than do pictures on several implicit tests. These dissociations may implicate different memory systems that subserve distinct memorial functions, but the present argument is that many dissociations can be understood by appealing to general principles that apply to both explicit and implicit tests. Phenomena studied under the rubric of implicit memory may have important implications in many other fields, including social cognition, problem solving, and cognitive development.     

Aging affects word-stem completion and recognition but not category generation

In this study, we investigated the effect of aging on two implicit memory tasks, word-stem completion and category generation, and on explicit recognition. We compared the performance of young and older adults on these implicit memory tasks with those of explicit recognition. We expected better performance of young than older adults in the explicit memory task and similar priming in both implicit memory tasks. The results showed that young adults performed better than older adults in the recognition task. Moreover, both age groups showed priming in the implicit memory tasks, although priming was greater in young adults compared to older adults in the word-stem completion memory task, whereas both age groups showed similar levels of priming in the category generation task. The present results showed dissociations as a function of age not only between the explicit and the implicit tasks but also between the implicit tasks.     

Selective attention affects implicit and explicit memory for familiar pictures at different delay conditions

Three experiments investigated the effects of two variables -selective attention during encoding and delay between study and test- on implicit (picture fragment completion and object naming) and explicit (free recall and recognition) memory tests. Experiments 1 and 2 consistently indicated that (a) at all delays (immediate to 1 month), picture-fragment identification threshold was lower for the attended than the unattended pictures; (b) the attended pictures were recalled and recognized better than the unattended; and (c) attention and delay interacted in both memory tests. For implicit memory, performance decreased as delay increased for both attended and unattended pictures, but priming was more pronounced and lasted longer for the attended pictures; it was still present after a 1-month delay. For explicit memory, performance decreased as delay increased for attended pictures, but for unattended pictures performance was consistent throughout delay. By using a perceptual object naming task, Experiment 3 showed reliable implicit and explicit memory for attended but not for unattended pictures. This study indicates that picture repetition priming requires attention at the time of study and that neither delay nor attention dissociate performance in explicit and implicit memory tests; both types of memory require attention, but explicit memory does so to a larger degree.     

Attention and implicit memory tests: The effects of varying attentional load on conceptual priming

The role of attention during encoding is important to many current accounts of the implicit/explicit memory distinction. Some accounts suggest that implicit memory tests reflect automatic (non-attentiondemanding) encoding processes, whereas other accounts (such as the transfer-appropriate-processing view) suggest that performance on conceptual implicit tests requires attention during encoding. The present study manipulates attention at encoding over several levels (by varying short-term memory load) and examines the effects on the category-exemplar production task (a conceptual implicit memory test) and its explicit counterpart, category-cued recall. Dividing attention decreased performance on both tests, but in different ways. Mild divisions of attention reduced recall but not conceptual priming. Strong divisions of attention reduced performance on both tests and, in addition, eliminated conceptual priming entirely. These findings resolve apparently conflicting results in the literature and help to clarify the relationship between attention and performance on implicit memory tests.     

Conceptual implicit memory and environmental context

Changes in environmental context between encoding and retrieval often affect explicit memory but research on implicit memory is equivocal. One proposal is that conceptual but not perceptual priming is influenced by context manipulations. However, findings with conceptual priming may be compromised by explicit contamination. The present study examined the effects of environmental context on conceptual explicit (category-cued recall) and implicit memory (category production). Explicit recall was reduced by context change. The implicit test results depended on test awareness (assessed with a post-test questionnaire). Among test-unaware participants, priming was equivalent for same-context and different-context groups, whereas for the test-aware, the same-context group produced more priming. Thus, when explicit contamination is controlled, changes in environmental context do not impair conceptual priming. Context dependency appears to be a general difference between implicit and explicit memory rather than a difference between conceptual and perceptual implicit memory. Finally, measures of mood indicated no changes in affect across contexts, arguing against mood mediation for the context effects in explicit recall.     

Does organization improve priming?

In five experiments, the effects of organization on implicit memory or priming tests were compared with its effects on the explicit memory tests of free and cued recall. Organization was manipulated by varying list structure (blocked vs. random presentation of categorized items) and by instructions. The results showed that organization had parallel effects on the category-production priming test and free- and cued-recall tests; performance was enhanced by organization on both types of tests. It was also demonstrated that the effect of organization on priming was limited to the category-production test and was not obtained with the word-identification priming test. These results suggest that performance on implicit and explicit memory tests is similarly affected by experimental manipulations when both types of tests rely on conceptually driven processing. In addition, performance on two implicit tests is dissociated when one test relies on conceptually driven processing and the other on data-driven processing.     

Conceptual Implicit Memory in Advertising Research

A growing body of research examines the effect of advertising on implicit (unconscious or unintentional) forms of memory, in contrast with typical advertising research focusing on explicit (conscious or recollective) measures. This research primarily examines perceptual implicit memory, but conceptual implicit tests also have clear relevance for advertising research. The present experiments use a conceptual implicit test to determine if conceptual priming is obtained with brand materials and to assess the degree of explicit contamination (using a post‐test awareness questionnaire). The experiments first demonstrated that awareness is a threat to conceptual implicit measures within the advertising context. Steps were taken to reduce awareness, which were successful. Results suggest that brands can be conceptually primed when presented as text or as images but that awareness has to be accounted for as aware participants did show significantly more priming than those who were unaware (Experiment 3). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Eliciting false memories on implicit and explicit memory tests after incidental learning

Abstract: In a false memory experiment, lists of semantic associates (e.g., newspaper, letter, book, etc.) were presented to three groups of participants to induce false memories for critical nonpresented (CN) words (e.g., read) in an incidental learning task. The control group simply estimated the frequency rate in everyday Japanese discourse of each word on a list. The imagery instruction group received an additional instruction to imagine a thematically related converging word from the target words on a list. Participants in the imagery plus writing group received the same instructions as those in the imagery instruction group, but were also required to write down the word they imagined for each list. The results from the implicit and explicit memory tests given after the incidental learning episode showed that the level of priming for CN words was equivalent to that for actually presented target words for all three groups on the implicit test, whereas explicit memory results showed that participants explicitly recognized more target words than CN words. The implications for implicit associative response and fuzzy‐trace theories of false memory, as well as implicit priming, are discussed.