论《性自命出》与思孟学派的关系

:《性自命出》是郭店楚简中的一篇重要出土文献 ,对于它的创作时代与学派归属问题 ,学者们有多种看法 ,大多把它定为战国早期的思孟学派的作品。针对学者们的立论与意见 ,本文在结合世传文献的基础上 ,着力从思想分析的角度对《性自命出》与思孟学派的关系进行了考察 ,认为《性自命出》的可能性作者颇多 ,而在思孟学派中以子思思想与《性自命出》篇最相接近 ,因而子思颇有可能是该篇简书的作者。     

郭店楚简儒家著作考

郭店楚简１０种儒家的著述可分为３类：第一类是孔子之作，它们是《穷达以时》、《唐虞之道》、《尊德义》。第二类是孔子弟子之作，它们是《忠信之道》、《成之闻之》、《六德》、《性自命出》。其中《忠信之道》是子张之作，《性自命出》是子游之作，《成之闻之》、《六德》可能是县成之作。第三类是《子思子》，为子思及其弟子所作，它们是《缁衣》篇，《五行》篇、《鲁穆公问子思》。简文主流，当出于子游、子思学派。     

论荀子性朴论的思想体系及其意义

荀子持"性朴"论而非持"性恶"论,"性朴"、"性恶"两命题完全不相兼容;荀子《性恶》篇之"性恶"系"性不善"之讹,约讹于西汉刘向时代。荀子驳孟子"性善"说并建构起"材—性—伪—积"的性朴说,其理论结构是:材是性的基础,性是材的机能,性即材的性能,材朴则性朴,人为则习积,"材—性"关系若"结构—功能"关系。原始材性若天赋,后天之"伪"(人为)基于原始材性且后天成善、恶之习性或德性皆是可能。人性的具体内容是形神并生的"血气心知","血气心知"下生命皆趋利,朴性乃可化,故治世须教化与管治并行。性朴说是荀子学说体系的基础与核心,是对思孟派人性论的拨正与对孔子"性近习远"人性论的正确绍继与发展,为迄今为止中国思想史上人性说的最高成就。     

《性自命出》与《淮南子·缪称》论“情”

郭店楚墓所出儒书《性自命出》 ,据内容可划分为上、下两个部分。这两部分中都有不少地方论及“情” ,下一部分对“情”的重视尤其引人注目。据考察 ,这种重视“情”的思想 ,亦见于《淮南子》的《缪称》篇。而《缪称》 ,据前人研究 ,乃是一篇保存了大量儒家子思学派学说的文献。本文通过征引《子思子》佚文与《缪称》及《性自命出》比较 ,认为《性自命出》对“情”的看法可能出自《子思子》 ,为研究《性自命出》等篇的学派性质提供了一条新的线索。     

《性自命出》、《中庸》、《孟子》思想的比较研究

《性自命出》、《中庸》、《孟子》三者都讨论了性、命问题,都把"性"看作为来自天命的,就这方面说,它们的思想是相通的。但由于它们对"性"各有不同的解释,又有着各自不同的思想特点。《性自命出》以情释性,提出了"喜怒哀悲之气,性也"的思想。《中庸》则受其影响,也以情释性,以喜怒哀乐的情之未发,处于不偏不倚的中态为性。而《孟子》与《性自命出》、《中庸》不同,主张以社会道德观念(道德心)释性,提出了天赋道德观念的人性善思想。这一思想直接来自于《五行篇》。《性自命出》、告子的以生理心理情感欲望释性,最后为荀子所发挥,提出了人性恶的思想,从而形成了战国时期在人性论上的两条不同的发展路向。     

从楚简《凡物流形》看《彖传》的成书年代

<彖传>的成书年代聚讼纷纭,目前大致有战国前期说、战国中期说和战国中后期说三种观点.新公布的上博藏楚简<凡物流行>有引自<彖传><老子><大学><中庸>等的文字,我们认为,<彖传>当成书于<凡物流行>之前,即公元前3世纪以前,处于战国中期偏早.<彖传>很可能由活跃在楚地的子思后学整理成书.     

荀子对思孟“五行”说批判的再认识

荀子激烈批评思孟"五行"说的原因学界有过多种看法,而其深层、根本的原因却在于在荀子和思孟之间存在思维和哲学基础的根本差异,荀子所持有的是形而上学的二元论,而思孟"五行"说坚持的是天人合一、身心合一的前形而上学的存在论。因为在孟子所因循的子思代表的春秋文化和荀子所站立的战国后期文化之间,知识范型与符号体系发生了巨大的转变。这可以从"五行"说产生和流变的几个阶段中清楚地看到。     

论子思学派之《诗》学

<缁衣>、<中庸>、<表记>、<坊记>、<五行>这五篇作品出自子思学派,是目前学术界分歧最小的看法,而频繁引<诗>、解<诗>、论<诗>,又是这几篇文献的共同特点.本文发现大毛公<诗故训传>已经称引子思学派的作品,由此进一步可以证明几篇备受争议的子思学派的作品均出自先秦.本文也申述了子思学派之<诗>学可以成立的理由,认为子思学派是七十子之后儒家<诗>学的集中代表.本文同时梳理了子思学派引<诗>之范围和原诗的主题,并初步归纳了子思学派引<诗>的体例,以便深入讨论子思学派之<诗>学.     

"郑声"蠡测

"子日,恶紫之夺朱也,恶郑声之乱雅乐也,恶利口之覆邦家者."(<论语·阳货>)"子日,行夏之时,乘殷之辂,服周之冕,乐则<韶>、<武>,放郑声,远佞人--郑声淫,佞人殆."(<论语·卫灵公>)"郑声"究竟是什么样的音乐?孔子为何斥之"淫"?它兴起于何时?又是如何产生与传播的?今天要弄清这些问题,只能根据零星的史料记载作些推测.     

中国思想的隐秘渴望--范式转变中的中国哲学

时下有一种观点认为,中国本无哲学.的确,中国本无哲学这一名相.但持论者当然并不仅限于计较名相之有无:说中国本无哲学,并不止于说中国本无哲学之名相,而是说,中国本无源自古希腊的那种称之为哲学的思想习惯和传统.黑格尔在<哲学史讲演录>中认为,孔子的<论语>里讲的只是一种哪里都能找得到的"常识道德","孔子只是一个实际的世间智者,在他那里思辨的哲学是一点也没有的--只是一些善良的、老练的、道德的教训";而<易经>中的思想虽然表明"中国人也曾注意到抽象的思想和纯粹的范畴",但也"只停留在最浅薄的思想里面","超不出抽象的开始".[1]     

上博楚简《凡物流形》的鬼神观探究

《凡物流形》中对鬼神的追问是比较独特的一处,其间的一些说法与通常讨论的先秦诸子的鬼神观有所不同,向我们展现了一个较新的鬼神世界.作者对鬼的态度是虽不否认但颇有疑问,他追问鬼的能力来源与范围,质问如何与鬼进行沟通,反思祭祀行为的意义所在,这种态度可谓是一种相对的“有鬼论”.     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.