心理学计算机化实验的形式与生成系统

文章先概述单机实验、多种设备联机实验和在线实验三种心理学计算机化实验方法的特点,然后对E-Prime等四种基于Windows的心理学计算机化实验生成系统进行介绍,最后对心理学计算机化实验在形式、技术与应用上的未来进行展望。     

心理实验室建设与心理实验软件

本文简要介绍了心理学实验室建设与心理学学科得以产生和发展的关系,心理实验仪器现状与发展趋势,指出计算机逐步取代传输心理仪器已是心理实验研究和教学的主流．文中就如何以最少的投入装备一个功能齐备的心理实验室提出了具体的建议,并讨论了采用计算机进行心理实验教学所应注意的问题．     

浅论化学教学中学生实验心理的优化

化学实验教学是以培养学生观察能力和探究精神为基础的教学,通过实验教学,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。如何在化学实验中,优化学生实验心理品质,实现化学实验教学的目标,是学科教学心理研究的难点之一。本认为,设置问题情景,优化实验兴趣;利用多媒体技术,优化观察能力的培养;实施探索性实验教学,优化创新精神的形成;强化实验中知识的获得与社会性发展,是优化中学生实验心理品质的有效策略。     

高中生解决化学实验问题的心理过程及其影响因素的进一步研究

对中学化学实验问题解决心理机制的前期研究的基础上,本研究进一步采用活动任务分析、心理模拟、现场实验活动观测、学生自我反思问卷调查,以及定量统计相结合的研究方法,对22名高三优秀学生解决化学实验问题的心理活动及其影响因素进行了较深入的探查,对了解我国高中生化学实验问题解决的能力和水平特点,以及如何改革中学化学实验教学具有重要启示.     

"心理理论"的实验任务与研究趋向

20世纪80年代以来,“心理理论”已成为发展心理学的研究热点和最活跃、最多产的领域。本文介绍了“心理理论”的涵义,解释为什么称之为“理论”,在作者自己实证研究的基础上,对“心理理论”实验任务进行了总结分析。主要从实验任务的角度探讨心理理论研究中存在的问题和认知与神经机制方面的发展趋向。     

浅思农村中学物理实验教学

物理是一门以实验为基础的学科，物理实验，作为一种理论联系实际的实践活动。它使学生处于教学的主要地位，灵活地运用知识并促成知识迁移，可见，物理实验教学是非常重要的。但是，在农村中学，实验教学往往被忽略。文章剖析了农村中学物理实验教学中存在的弊端，提出了“新课改”下的中学物理实验教学的主要特征，并思考怎样推进中学物理实验教学的改革模式。提高对新课程探究教学认识，所以结合农村中学实际，采用适宜的方式，挖掘可利用资源，使学生的科学素养和创新能力得到应有的培养，这是当务之急。     

北京大学开设心理实验选修课的初步实践

本文介绍了北京大学心理学系开设心理实验选修课的情况。说明了开设该课的目的、意义，授课的内容、方法、以及首次开课的效果。     

教育学院如何进行心理学实验

本文讨论了在教育学院内如何开展和指导心理实验的某些思路和若干具体做法．我们根据不同的学员对象,不同的学科要求,提出心理实验指导应做到教学演示实验和动手操作相互兼顾,以教学演示实验为主,仪器实验与纸笔实验相结合,以及对动手操作结果分析时提出不同的实验讨论要求,从而使学员在心理实验目的和操作等方面获得较多的感性认识,促进他们对心理学各门课程的掌握．     

心理应激的影像学实验范式及其脑机制研究进展

心理应激的脑机制研究是心理生理学研究的重大科学问题.本文根据近年来国内外的研究进展,首先介绍了最新使用的实验室心理应激的影像学研究范式:特里尔社会应激实验、口头心算应激和蒙特利尔应激实验的研究方法,然后介绍了应用这些实验范式得出的心理应激反应主要涉及的脑区活动.最后,提出了心理应激实验范式及其脑机制研究的未来发展方向.     

心理实验程序设计的模式化方法

心理实验程序设计是指将心理学的研究计划或设想转变成计算机可识别的程序的过程,是心理学研究中的一个重要环节。本文提出了心理实验程序设计的一套模式化方法——12345理论,即一个过程,两种类型,三大原则,四种模式,五个要素。12345理论具有较强的指导性和操作性,能够为心理学研究人员设计实验程序提供理论和方法指导,对心理实验程序设计体系的规范化或标准化的建立作出了有益的探讨。     

Software for generating psychological experiments

This review compares four software packages for generating and running psychological computer experiments. It aims to inform researchers' decisions about which software to choose for their lab. Four widely used general purpose commercial packages available for the Windows platform are considered: DirectRT, E-Prime, Inquisit, and SuperLab. An overview of each package is given, and the implementation of two test experiments is described. Packages are evaluated with regard to the amount of complexity reduction they provide for the task of programming an experiment and the variety of experimental designs they can accommodate.     

STEP—A System for Teaching Experimental Psychology using E-Prime

Students in psychology need to learn to design and analyze their own experiments. However, software that allows students to build experiments on their own has been limited in a variety of ways. The shipping of the first full release of the E-Prime system later this year will open up a new opportunity for addressing this problem. Because E-Prime promises to become the standard for building experiments in psychology, it is now possible to construct a Web-based resource that uses E-Prime as the delivery engine for a wide variety of instructional materials. This new system, funded by the National Science Foundation, is called STEP (System for the Teaching of Experimental Psychology). The goal of the STEP Project is to provide instructional materials that will facilitate the use of E-Prime in various learning contexts. We are now compiling a large set of classic experiments implemented in E-Prime and available over the Internet from http://step.psy.cmu.edu. The Web site also distributes instructional materials for building courses in experimental psychology based on E-Prime.     

认知行为实验研究中最佳素材容量的选择与确定：多元概化理论应用

心理学实验首先必须保证结果的有效性和可靠性。实验素材容量是影响实验结果的关键因素之一。本文的目的是通过运用多元概化理论分析几个典型认知行为实验的素材容量对实验结果精度的影响, 从而探讨最佳的实验素材容量的确定问题。研究结果发现, 在IAT测验上, 相容与不相容任务的素材容量为50时最佳, 可靠性指数为0.92; 在图-词干扰范式中, 素材容量以48时为最佳, 可靠性指数为0.95; 对线索提示范式, 50%有效提示中, 有效与无效提示最佳素材容量为35, 可靠性指数是0.97。研究表明, 多元概化理论可以很好地用于确定认知行为实验中素材的最佳容量。     

心理实验设计的程序化思路

本研究讨论了在心理实验过程中选择各种设计类型的关键条件,并以流程图的形式将各种设计类型串起来,理出了一条心理实验设计的程序化思路。     

A convenient and accurate parallel Input/Output USB device for E-Prime

Psychological and neurophysiological experiments require the accurate control of timing and synchrony for Input/Output signals. For instance, a typical Event-Related Potential (ERP) study requires an extremely accurate synchronization of stimulus delivery with recordings. This is typically done via computer software such as E-Prime, and fast communications are typically assured by the Parallel Port (PP). However, the PP is an old and disappearing technology that, for example, is no longer available on portable computers. Here we propose a convenient USB device enabling parallel I/O capabilities. We tested this device against the PP on both a desktop and a laptop machine in different stress tests. Our data demonstrate the accuracy of our system, which suggests that it may be a good substitute for the PP with E-Prime.     

Random without replacement is not random: Caveat emptor

The vast majority of psychology labs rely on prepackaged software applications (e.g., E-Prime) for the programming of experiments. These programs are often used for stimulus selection, and many use a selection method referred to as random without replacement. We demonstrate how random without replacement deviates from random selection, and we detail selection biases that result. We also demonstrate, in a simple experiment, how these selection biases, if left unchecked, can influence behavior. Recommendations for reducing the impact of these biases on performance when random without replacement is used are discussed.     

心理学实验的可重复性

严格意义的实验可重复性指的是实验控制条件不变的情况下其结果的可重复性,置信区间是表示这种可重复性的恰当方法,可重复性的提高可通过在实验设计和数据分析中将影响因变量的随机额外变量作为协变量引入来实现;另一种意义的可重复性指的是实验结果的可迁移性,它涉及当控制条件变化时因控制变量和自变量的交互作用而导致的实验结果的变化。在这两种意义下,心理学实验较低的可重复性都源于它的额外变量的庞杂。     

How choice of mouse may affect response timing in psychological studies

Mice from the early 1990s seemed to offer a cheap and viable alternative to more expensive response boxes, with fairly consistent results being found between studies. However, has anything changed in the intervening decade? Are newer mice technologies necessarily better? Is USB a better mouse interface than the old-fashioned serial interface? With such questions in mind, we outline a method for bench-testing the timing characteristics of mice outside of a PC, in order to predict their contribution to response timing. A sample set of mice was testedunder a visual stimulus—response paradigm, using E-Prime to compare predicted performance with measured response registration. A representative range of mice technologies was tested alongside a standard keyboard and an E-Prime deluxe response box. The implications for using any response device other than a recognized response box are discussed.