伍守阳内丹三要论

药物、鼎器和火候被称为内丹三要,历来丹家对此虽多有论述,但皆详一而略一,且语多用喻.明代后期著名内丹家伍守阳的内丹三要论既继承前人,又发前人之未发,语言通俗易懂,内容详尽,对后世产生了极大的影响.本文通过对伍守内丹三要论的分析介绍,有助于人们对内丹三要思想的了解.     

道教内丹功简述

早在东汉前,方术家就开始炼丹。这里所叙述的是内丹,即以自身为鼎炉,以精气为药物,以精气神三宝凝结为丹成。丹成道备者,能够度己度人,高出一般俗人,变化无方,即有化身。三茅祖师当年修道成仙后,或化鹤于三茅峰,或显圣迹默佑群生。修炼内丹功,要断名利关、生死关、恩爱关,要经得起这些关口的考验,大茅真君的两位弟弟弃官职来茅山隐居修炼即是明证。仙道光明,呼吸的是上天生出来的清气,借天气的清明之气,以修我丹田。内丹功,小则延生、祛病,修炼精纯者,甚至代肉体成仙。内丹功是道教修炼的精华,它非常重视人自身精气神     

试析《性命圭旨》的"三教观"

出现于明中后期的内丹著作《性命圭旨》 ,主旨是论道教丹道 ,认为内丹修炼分为“炼精化 ,炼化神 ,炼神还虚 ,炼虚合道”四个阶段。书中通过对这四个阶段的阐释 ,表明了它对道、儒、释三教的态度。在这个问题上 ,该书既具有此时期道教内丹著作的一般性特征 ,而又有自己的特色。     

刘一明论内丹修炼三原则

刘一明是清代有学有证的高道,也是内丹理论之集大成者.他提出了内丹修炼的三个原则,即在知行关系上"先穷性命之理,后了性命之功";在修行旨归及方向上"从后天入手,后天返先天";在修行内容及次第上"性命双修,先命后性".这三个原则是道教内丹学进一步体系化、成熟化的标志之一.     

混元气在道教生命修炼上的意义

混元气思想是道教在道论、元气论、精气神论基础上,在道教内丹修炼盛行的宋元明清时期发展起来的重要修道理论.在指导生命修炼上,混元气论比元气论和精气神论有更大的优越性.本文从混元气的思想内涵、混元气是内丹修炼的根本和它的理论发展等几个方面论述其在道教生命修炼上的意义.     

"气韵本乎游心"——道家"气"思想的心学意义

本文分别从认识论、实践论、心性论三个层面论述了道家气思想对气韵本乎游心这一美学命题的哲学基础性影响,归纳出道—气—心—性—德—虚静—美的命题,认为虚静之心无论对于宗教修炼还是艺术创作都是根本的起点和最终的极境,人之身心正是在虚静中才能体悟到道家之道、道教美学之美、内丹之仙、中国艺术之气韵。     

试论储华谷《周易参同契》注中的道教易学思想

储华谷<周易参同契>注运用<周易>的卦爻象和"河洛之说"来解释道教内丹修炼的原理,提出了"药之与物,二八河图.五贼运火,皇极洛书.法象羲<易>,按爻摘符"的道教易学思想;认为<易>的"河洛之说"及"卦爻之象"揭示了天、地、人三才之道,这对于道教内丹修炼来说,具有重要的指导意义;此注用<周易>"河图"、"洛书"等理论,对道教内丹学中最重要的药物、鼎炉、火候等问题进行了说明,强调内丹术要循天地自然之道而行,法天地人三才之道才可以论还丹,并以<易>理来统摄天、地、人三才之道,从而增强了道教内丹术的理论性和系统性,为将道教内丹术转为道教内丹学做出了贡献.     

道教"守一"修持法之源起及其演变

"守一"之说源自<老子·十章>的"载营魄抱一",是指专注于内在之魂魄,使形体不离,与道相合为一.到了汉末六朝,以"守一"来做为修仙养生之法,而所守者,则为三丹田的三一,头部九宫的雄一、雌一,以及守身中诸神徊风混合的帝一.到了唐宋以后,更由于内丹修炼之盛行,因而也有人将内丹修炼之方式,引入"守一"中,于是守一即是炼化精、气、神,使三者合一.     

海内罕见的孤本外丹秘笈——清代傅金铨著《炉火心笺》

仙家修炼,古来以外丹烧炼为究竟。唐宋大规模外丹烧炼失败,仙道方法也逐渐从摄取铅汞砂硫之凝化转向身体内部精?神之运化。此后外丹学衰而内丹兴盛,一大批新出的内丹经如雨后春笋,内丹取代外丹成为修炼主流。即便如此,仍有一部分     

论内丹学工夫论中的“炼丹三要”

内丹学工夫论的一个重要的主题是"炼丹三要",即内丹修炼功夫的三个要素:炉鼎、药物和火候。本文综合考察内丹学文献中的相关材料,对道教内丹学"返本还原"理论视域下的"炼丹三要"做了具体的文献疏释与理论分析,是作者道教内丹学研究领域的最新成果之一。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.