非医用胚胎植入前基因诊断性别的伦理思考

对胚胎植入前基因诊断(PGD)性别的非医学用途,尚有很多争议.从伦理学角度考虑,非医用PGD性别选择存在文化差异,在亚洲一些国家可能会引起人口性别比失衡以及性别歧视等,在西方一些国家可能不存在类似问题.     

植入前遗传学诊断中性别选择的伦理辩护

植入前遗传学诊断（PGD）是在胚胎植入子宫前进行遗传学检查的新技术。它可对植入胚胎进行性别选择,从而引发了会增加我国出生人口性别比的担忧。通过对PGD性别选择伦理风险的分析,指出其用于医学需要时不会对性别比造成危害。但在实施过程中需要医生、患者及社会全体人员共同参与,避免该技术用于非医学目的的需要。     

胚胎植入前遗传学诊断（PGD）的伦理思考

针对现在研究者往往关注胚胎的生理质量而忽视伦理选择的现象,用伦理的视角审视实施胚胎植入前遗传学诊断（PGD）的行为,赋予生命科学行为必要的伦理思想。综合各种理论流派的观点,结合临床工作,得出人们在伦理道德上比较容易接受PGD中进行胚胎的优选的结论,用以指导PGD的发展。     

胚胎植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)的伦理思考

针对现在研究者往往关注胚胎的生理质量而忽视伦理选择的现象,用伦理的视角审视实施胚胎植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)的行为,赋予生命科学行为必要的伦理思想.综合各种理论流派的观点,结合临床工作,得出人们在伦理道德上比较容易接受PGD中进行胚胎的优选的结论,用以指导PGD的发展.     

数学-性别刻板印象对女生的威胁效应:场认知风格的调节作用

旨在检验数学-性别刻板印象是否对我国高中女生产生威胁效应,并探讨场认知风格在数学-性别刻板印象威胁效应中是否存在调节作用。研究发现,女生在激活数学-性别刻板印象情境下的工作记忆容量显著低于在非激活情境下的工作记忆容量;认知风格和测验情境之间交互效应显著,场依存个体激活情境下的工作记忆容量显著低于非激活情境下的,场独立个体两种情境下相差不显著。说明数学-性别刻板印象给女生带来了威胁;认知风格调节着数学-性别刻板印象威胁效应的强弱,场依存个体受到的威胁很大,场独立个体几乎不受威胁。     

大学生人际信任度研究

本研究以296名广西大学生为研究对象,以《人际信任量表》(IT)为研究工具,考察不同性别、年级、专业、生源、独生子女与非独生子女在人际信任上的差异。结果表明:大学生人际信任度偏低,人际信任不存在性别、专业上的差异;普遍信任在年级上存在显著差异性,普遍信任度的高低依次为大四>大二>大一>大三;来自农村大学生的特殊信任度高于城市大学生;独生子女特殊信任度高于非独生子女,非独生子女的普遍信任度高于独生子女。     

国家的性别——西方女性主义国家理论选评兼论其在中国的运用

国家的性别在政治社会学中是一个被忽略的命题,而在女性主义研究中则属于理论化程度比较低的主题。本文将选取西方女性主义中比较有代表性的国家理论——佩特曼的性别契约论、麦坚伦的国家物化论和布朗的国家创伤论——进行述评,分析性别在国家起源,结构以及运转中的形构作用;并以这些理论为基础来重新解读中国社会主义革命与建设时期的国家与女性的关系,以及在市场转型背景下实现性别平等的可行路径。     

走出性别的误区——管窥中国当代女性艺术的性别观念

当把"性别"与"艺术"联系在一起时,"性别"的差异开始引起人们的关注,女性艺术已成为一种不能回避的新的艺术现象和艺术潮流.在创作过程中,存在着一些女性艺术家过分强调或者掩饰女性身份的两种倾向,使其艺术创作陷入了性别的误区.     

基于性别平等的和谐家庭论

性别平等是实现和谐家庭与和谐社会的重要条件和特征.和谐家庭应是保障男女人格尊严、人生价值、权利地位、家庭责任及生存和发展机会的平等基础上的新型有序状态.男女平等基本国策在我国家庭领域基本得到贯彻,但是当今家庭仍然存在一些性别不平等现象.实现基于性别平等的家庭和谐的社会途径是提高女性家庭经济地位、建设先进性别文化和进一步推进社会性别主流化.     

计算机性别化及用户的定型反应研究

CASA（计算机作为行动者）研究在性别、声音可以引起性别定型的理论基础上,发展出了一套较为规范的研究变量和步骤,得到了在人机交互中人类会对计算机做出社会化反应,特别是性别定型反应的结论。但是这类研究存在着不足,并由此产生了一些新的研究方向,例如,合成音在体现副语言线索上的欠缺,将图像引入为线索的种类,对任务性别加以更多的关注等。文章同时对今后该领域的研究作了展望。     

Are all Socialists Anti-religious? Anti-religiosity and the Socialist Left in 21 Western European Countries (1990–2008)

The political situation in the Soviet Union during the twentieth century has led some to suggest that socialism is some kind of secular religion as opposed to ‘normal’ religion. In modern Europe, however, there have been vibrant Christian socialist movements. This article looks into the different attitudes of socialists towards religion and answers the question whether it is pressure of religious activity or pressure of religious identity that makes socialists resist religion. The results from a multilevel analysis of three waves of the European Values Study (1990–2008) in 21 Western European countries specifically point to an increase in anti-religiosity by socialists in countries marked by Catholic and Orthodox religious identities.     

国外人口老化理论的心理学研究述评

进入20世纪以后,老龄化趋势在世界范围内加快了步伐。老年人口的快速增长给许多国家尤其是欧美发达国家带来了一系列的社会问题,同时也引发了大量关于老龄化趋势以及人口老化现象的科学研究。自然科学和社会科学的有关学科都对人类老化现象进行了较为深入的研究。心理学也提出了特定内涵的老化定义以及一些老化理论,并且形成了几种用以解释老化现象的发展模式。     

Prenatal Testing for Down Syndrome: Comparison of Screening Practices in the UK and USA

Prenatal testing for Down Syndrome is a topic covered in every genetic counselor’s training as it constitutes the main workload of genetic counselors in prenatal settings. Most Western countries nowadays offer some type of testing for Down Syndrome. However, practices vary according to country with regards to what tests are offered, insurance coverage and the legal situation concerning the option of terminating an affected pregnancy. In view of the growing interest in international genetic counseling issues, this article aims to compare prenatal testing practices in two English-speaking countries: the United Kingdom and the United States of America. A case will be presented to highlight some of the differences in practice. The topic underlines important implications for genetic counseling practice, such as patients’ understanding of testing practices, risk perception, counseling provision and impact of prenatal testing results.     

死亡的判定

死亡是生命的终结.死亡判定的标准在历史上经历了一个逐步深化的过程.1959年2位法国医学家首先提出了脑死亡的概念.但是什么是脑死亡,以及如何判定脑死亡是一个有争议的问题.1981年美国总统委员会提出了一个脑死亡的判定指标体系,并被一些国家立法接受.回顾了对死亡判定认识的历史过程.     

反贫困背景下我国医疗救助对象分类研究

从反贫困这一社会问题入手,突出医疗救助对象分类需要进一步完善的重要性,通过分类救助理论研究现状的探讨,对我国探索分类救助制度的现状进行了阐述,并分析了制约分类救助发展的因素,在此基础上,阐述了国际上实施医疗救助对象分类的成功经验和启示,并提出了我国在反贫困背景下医疗救助对象分类的对策建议。     

Growth, population, and knowledge diffusion

This paper reviews the recent development of growth theory, focusing on the consistency between theory and evidence in terms of effects of population on growth, and presents some policy implications. Although positive effects of the population size on growth are likely to exist, the size does not necessarily mean the size of the domestic population. In the world with substantial but costly international knowledge diffusion, what affects growth is the population size of the technological leader country, the United States, from which knowledge spills over, and it is the world population when diffusion is costless. Therefore, policies to promote population growth may not be growth-enhancing for most advanced countries. A more effective population-related policy objective theoretically suggested is to encourage international knowledge diffusion. He may be reached at: yastodo@siu.edu. His current research interests include the process of knowledge diffusion among advanced countries as well as from advanced to developing countries.     

应对方式的生态瞬时评估法及其他测量方法简介

生态瞬时评估法（EMA）是当前对应对方式进行测量的一种较为先进的方法。它也广泛适用于其它社会科学和行为科学领域,因此在西方发达国家得到了较为广泛的应用。文章重点介绍了EMA的特点、使用方法、使用情况、适用条件和优缺点等。由于EMA特别适合于研究过程性的问题,因此用它来研究应对是非常恰当的。另外,文章还简单介绍并评价了其它的应对方式测量方法,并指出将来对应对方式进行测量的趋势。     

Quelques éléments de comparaison entre les politiques «d’intégration» de l’allemagne, du canada, de la france, de la grande bretagne, de l’italie et des pays-bas

In this article the author compares integration policies in some European countries and Canada. Despite the varying political or ideological wordings and histories all countries reviewed face similar social problems in the integration of migrants. Because public authorities act with pragmatism and without any strict theoretical model, policies are more comparable that one might suppose, although sometimes differences are marked. The article first points out the similarities in the policies of each country. Cultures and languages of origin, migrants’ associations, and unemployment are discussed briefly, as well as trianing of public servants, and struggle against racism, and urban segregation. A second section shows clear distinctions between the countries’ policies in two respects: politicization and relationships between searchers and policy-makers. The author then discusses several initiatives to improve integration using pre-existing programmes in other countries as examples. These include: welcome programmes for new immigrants, preschool programmes, dropout prevention programmes, globally conceived urban projects, as well decentralization of local authority, active local participation, and strong links with research work. The article concludes by supporting the thesis that no efficient integration policy can succeed if it does not strengthen the overall social link.