鬼风是怎么一回事?

我国民间有清明节和“七月半”节(农历七月十五,民间又称“鬼节”)给已故亲人上坟烧纸的习俗。烧纸的时候,有时会     

说魔

在我们的日常生活中,“魔”这个字或词是大家十分熟悉的,比如“你着魔了”、“魔鬼”、“魔法”、“魔爪”、“魔术”、“魔力”、“魔怔”、“魔方”等等。从魔的词意说也很清楚,一指能迷惑人,害人性命的鬼怪;一指某种神秘的、奇异的或者超人的力量或幻术。不难知道,魔这一语词是中国人常用的习惯用语,在汉语中被广泛使用。然而,它却是一个外来语,一个纯属佛教的词。“魔”,是梵文Mara的音译“魔罗”的略称。佛教传入我国以前,在中国的古文书中并没有“魔”这个字。正如唐人玄应所著《一切经音义》所云:“魔,莫何反,书无此字。”     

人间佛教释疑

赵朴初早在15年前就指出:"中国佛教向何处去?我以为应当提倡人间佛教思想"。[1]当今人间佛教的诠释更加丰富,反映了人间佛教思想体系的进一步发展。但不能因为其释义的疑惑,就对这一大方向有丝毫动摇。同时,对存在的各种疑义作一澄清也非常必要[2]。     

阿奎那对爱德的综论、释疑和新解

爱德观是阿奎那德性伦理学最为关注的问题。阿奎那的爱德观是对亚里士多德的友谊观(友爱观)和基督教传统的仁爱观的综合,既丰富和充实了奥古斯丁神圣的仁爱观,赋予仁爱合乎理性和情感的新解,又提升和超越了亚里士多德世俗的友谊观,赋予友谊超越性和广博性的内涵。他围绕爱德的内涵、爱德的对象和爱德的秩序等对爱德作了神学—哲学的综合性论述,对爱己、爱他人等提出很多极富创见性的解释,并澄清了与爱仇敌和爱罪人等相关的一些普遍的质疑和根深蒂固的偏见。总之,阿奎那对爱德的综论、释疑和新解代表了西方德性伦理学的最高成就,有助于拓展和深化我们对爱、友谊、爱己、爱他人以及爱的秩序等的理解,对于我们反思当代的友善价值观也有积极的借鉴意义。     

"原罪"释疑

在基督教教义中,"罪"和"原罪"的思想在中国历来是被误解较多的两个概念.中国文化的语境下,"罪"是与对法律的违反和道德上的"恶"紧密关联在一起的,这样的理解与基督教对"罪"的理解有很大的距离.也正因如此,中国人对"原罪"的理解则更为困难.本文试图借助基督教思想史上对"罪"和"原罪"问题的一些很有价值的论述,对基督教语境下"罪"和"原罪"的含义进行辨析,以区分它们与中国社会和文化对"罪"的理解之不同,从而尽可能地消除国人对基督教所讲的"罪",特别是"原罪"的普遍曲解.     

释疑解惑 生根建造

每次礼拜之后,总会有一些信徒围着牧师问这问那,饥渴慕义之心溢于言表……所谓“君子之学必好问”,勤学好问是人生进步的美德,而笃信好学、谦卑求问更是一名基督徒灵命得以茁壮成长的秘诀!     

谁是魔?

最新揭露,今年元旦前夕,四川省郫县“法轮功“痴迷者刘仁芳受李洪志“放下生死“、“升天圆满“的蛊惑,密谋到天安门广场“护法“,在河北省三河市燕郊镇藏匿期间,旧病复发突然死亡,同行的“法轮功“痴迷者竟长期弃之不理.事隔两个多月后,更令人震惊的是,在美国的李洪志及“法轮功“邪教组织的直接授意、指使下,为了掩盖他们的杀人罪行,一伙顽固的法轮功信徒竟然丧尽人性地将已腐烂的尸体抛入臭水河中灭迹.……     

逃出“心魔”

人的一生是为欲望而生的一生,也是与欲望抗争的一生。欲望就像一匹桀骜不驯的魔马,你不牵着它往正确的方向走,它就会拖着你在错误的道路上狂跑。只有不向欲望妥协,才能超然于欲望之上——从小,我就是个反赌的铁杆队员。还在我10岁的时候,父亲的朋友趁办喜事之机,在我家押宝,被我发现了,小小年纪的我,竟冲上去把押宝的赌桌给掀翻在地,这事令年少的我在十村八里出了名,可父亲却遭了灾,他被大队干部抓了去,罚他为村里的园艺场干了15天义务工。后来,不论是读书、还是工作,打牌、搓麻将等所有带赌博色彩的活动,我一概拒绝参加。可年近不惑的我,竟…     

世界首富的魔箱

在一座豪华的别墅里,住着一位富人。“我是世界上的首富吗?”他问他的仆人。“主人,您还不是。世界首富是比尔·盖茨,您还没排进前500名呢——但是快了。”仆人查完有关资料告诉他。富人祈祷说：“上帝啊,您让我成为世界首富吧,到那时,我愿用纯金给您重铸天堂。”上帝感动了：“好吧,我可以给你一个机会。这是一个魔箱,你拿去吧。”上帝说：“这个魔箱里,有一块金子,是永远取不完的。但是,你要注意,当你觉得够了时,你需把魔箱扔掉,你取出的金子才是你的财富。”上帝说完不见了,富人的身边真的有了一个魔箱,箱里也真的装着一…     

脱离白魔的捆绑

今天(2003年12月24日晚),在这普天同庆,普世欢腾的时候,我能站在这里唱歌、跳舞赞美主,是我过去想都不敢想的事情,因为在过去的十年中,我完全被毒品所捆绑。在这黑暗的十年里,一切对我来讲都失去了意义,我的心里只有海洛因。为了毒品,     

The Ghost Triangle as an Obstacle to Intimacy

SUMMARY

This paper addresses some of the issues associated with a ghost triangle that threatened intimate bonding between a couple. A widower's unresolved mourning had led to an impasse in the relationship. Because only one partner sought therapy, intervention was limited to assessing options for detriangulation as requisite to the viability of the relationship, followed by individual and group support to develop relationship closure. Additional treatment goals included creating self-awareness about past and present problematic relationship patterns and strengthening self-care and mutual support.     

从玄之又玄到重玄的演变

从玄之又玄到重玄经历了一个演变过程.玄之又玄本意是幽远而又幽远,指道的不可知性与终极性.重玄的最初含义是重天,佛道两教学者用它来指宗教的终极境界.隋唐时期重玄与双遣连用,指遣有、遣无、遣其遣的三重否定思想方法.重玄与双遣的结合标志着从玄之又玄向重玄的转变最终完成.     

鬼月话鬼

每年阴历的七月,人们俗称“鬼月”,民间至今还流传“七月半,鬼乱窜”的迷信谚语。而七月十五的“中元节”,传言更为离奇,据说这天鬼魂全出,人们不可乱走,更忌出远门。倘若碰到鬼魂一年都将不吉利。鬼从何来?其实心理学家早就指出:一般来源于客观事物的突然出现,但却没有直接作用于人的感觉器官,而是头脑中所     

Sympathy for the Devil

Abstract

This article describes the personal and professional experiences of the author while working as a mental health trainer in Serbia. In addition, various approaches to victims and perpetrators are reconsidered, along with the ethical implications of this work. The relationship between working with violence in a war zone and in a peaceful society is also explored.     

Mystery Appeal: Effects of Uncertainty and Resolution on the Enjoyment of Mystery

To investigate determinants of mystery enjoyment, a short story was manipulated to produce different levels of uncertainty regarding two suspects' criminal involvement (low vs. high uncertainty) and to create different resolution types (denouement, confirmation, and surprise). Participants' (N = 84) reactions and enjoyment were ascertained via questionnaires after reading the mystery development and after the mystery resolution. Moreover, personality assessments were administered. Results show that enjoyment of the mystery reception was greater when participants were highly uncertain regarding the culprit and experienced high levels of curiosity. As hypothesized, resolution enjoyment depended on type of resolution and self-esteem. A resolution that confirmed respondents' suspicion was disliked by persons with high self-esteem, whereas respondents with low self-esteem disliked a surprising resolution. Enjoyment of a general denouement, when participants had not held specific expectations, was not affected by self-esteem; high self-esteem participants in the "surprise" condition and low self-esteem participants in the "confirmation" condition experienced comparable enjoyment.     

Mystery of the anti-McCollough effect

The McCollough Effect (ME) is a complex perceptual aftereffect that remains of interest half a century after its discovery. It is argued that a recently reported variant, dubbed the anti-McCollough effect, is not the reverse of the ME, with aftereffect colors in the same direction as the inducing stimuli. A red-horizontal stimulus leads to a reddish aftereffect not because of red-horizontal parings, but despite them. The anti-ME is a weak standard-direction ME produced by complementary afterimage colors (afterimage green with horizontal), rather than by environmental colors, first shown decades ago. It is not a new type of contingent aftereffect. The red-horizontal pair does not interfere with the afterimage green-horizontal pair it produces because a single color-orientation pairing provides more ambiguous input than does the standard two orientation-color pairings (red-horizontal, green-vertical) of the ME. It is also argued that not even one orientation-contingent color aftereffect is convincingly shown in the "anti"-ME, let alone, as has previously been suggested, two simultaneous orientation-contingent color aftereffects in opposite directions at different levels of the visual system, in which the higher-level effect suppresses the downstream effect from reaching consciousness. The "anti"-ME can be explained by existing theories of contingent aftereffects, including perceptual-learning theory.