科技——伦理的相契之维与生态发展

在科学、技术、生产一体化的时代,科技发展面临着自身无法应对的逻辑困境和发展困境,关注生活本身的相与的伦理之维为科技发展揖别上述困境提供了契机.正是在此机缘中,我们思入了科技伦理之所以成为时代问题的本质.切入科技伦理成为时代问题的维度,开启了我们进入科技伦理问题的生态视野,彰显出科技伦理的生态发展路向.科技和伦理在展现生活的意义和生命的价值的层面上相互关联,它们关联的生态视野开拓出科技发展揖别自身面临的各种困境的生态发展的路向.     

自由主义:伦理内涵的嬗变与困境

任何完整的政治理论都有其特定的价值结构,为其现实政治主张、制度结构、政策机制的提供伦理支持,并随着时代政治、经济、文化条件的发展而变换其内涵。西方自由主义政治理论的发展分为启蒙时期、功利主义、现代自由主义等重要阶段,自然权利、功利原则和社会公正分别是其不同时代的核心价值要求。阐释和分析自由主义的伦理内涵变换及其理论和现实困境,为了解当代西方自由主义的价值变换及政策走向提供了一个有益的理论视角。     

关于“经济人”假说的伦理思考

“经济人”假说是构建西方经济学大厦的重要基石 ,“经济人”是从现实生活中抽象出来 ,并不断发展变化的。经济人大体经历了古典经济人、新古典经济人、泛经济人三个发展阶段 ,不同阶段的经济人具有不同的伦理特性和科学价值。全面、辩证、动态地分析、评价经济人的伦理特性 ,对我国市场经济条件下道德建设具有重要的启迪意义。     

摆脱全球政治伦理困境的中国方案

全球政治伦理是人们在全球化时代的一般性政治价值规范和约束规则,它在发展过程中由于受到以资本增殖为核心的经济增长逻辑在全球扩张的影响而面临多重困境。"一带一路"是中国改革开放在当代的深化发展,其倡导的"共商、共建、共享"原则蕴含着平等、公正等政治伦理内涵,顺应了当代全球政治伦理变革的客观要求,体现了对中外政治伦理的反思、扬弃与发展,是中国为全球政治伦理变革贡献的中国方案。     

企业伦理:意涵及其功能

企业伦理从日常伦理衍生而来,但也具有自身的场域逻辑;企业伦理主要涵括企业之于社会系统的责任伦理和企业中“利益相关者”之间的职业伦理;企业伦理的功能渐次演绎为“约束效用”、“工具效用”以及“价值效用”;在一定情境下,企业伦理与其组织功效、经济绩效其实还存在着一种“兼容性”。     

儒家经济伦理的演变与理想政治的架构

儒家学说的核心体现为一种伦理本位主义的价值取向,这种价值取向以伦理化的政治为终极目标。因此,古代的经济观始终受到政治观的约束。先秦以来,儒家把“经世济民”的治道目标与“礼运大同”的政道理想结合在一起,将早期人本主义引申的“厚生”、“惠民”思想演化为“均富”、“公利”的追求,从而构成了儒家经济伦理的基本精神。这种缘于道德理想主义的古代经济伦理是与社会生产活动和财富分配机制相联系的。儒家一向认为,人类经济生活总是要在一定的约束体系下进行。这种约束体系包括了伦理规范和制度安排。     

转型时期我国公务员职业伦理精神的制度化缺失与建构方略

作为公务员职业行为准则、价值取向和职业伦理规范总和的公务员职业伦理精神为公务员“依法、廉洁、高效、公正”行政提供精神动力和制度保障。在经济转型、文化冲突、矛盾突显和机遇与挑战并存的行政生态环境下,公务员职业伦理精神面临制度伦理价值沦丧、制度困境、制度界定模糊、制度伪适应症等制度化缺失问题,我们要从“职业化”、“法制化”、“政治化”、“组织化”和“现代化”等五方面提出公务员职业伦理精制度化建构方略。     

析经济增长中的伦理代价

发展经济是世界各国关注的共同话题 ,但是 ,如何发展的问题世界各国远没有达成共识 ,人们为不协调的经济增长付出了沉重的代价。生态伦理代价、社会伦理代价以及主体伦理代价是对这种代价问题的伦理学反思。它的研究旨在告诫世界发展中国家在现代化道路上要借鉴和吸取发达国家的经验教训 ,充分利用和发挥发达国家不可能具备的“迟发展的优势”。     

家—国伦理公正与“国家”文明形态

中西方文明都建构了以家庭和国家为基本结构的伦理世界,西方“country”文明中伦理世界的命运是“悲怆情愫”,中华“国家”文明的文化条件和伦理精神是“家国情怀”。家国情怀不只是家庭精神,也不只是爱国主义,而是身家国天下一体贯通的伦理情怀。“国家”文明创生的家国公正的伦理智慧有日常智慧和“非常”智慧。日常智慧贯穿于人的生活与生命的全程,并通过各种民族节日呈现;“非常”智慧是调节家庭与国家矛盾冲突的伦理智慧,逻辑与历史地展开为两种传统形态,即以“国”为重心的“精忠报国”,以“家”为重心的“亲亲相隐”。家国伦理公正的课题与中华现代文明的百年进程相伴随,从中国革命到改革开放,呈现“伦理建构—伦理革命—伦理解放”的否定之否定的辩证进程。现代中华文明依然是“国家”文明,但已经具有新形态,也面临新挑战,必须以伦理公正实现“国家”文明的创造性转化与创新性发展,为人类文明新形态的建构做出新的“中华”贡献。     

经济伦理与伦理经济--兼论经济伦理学的方法问题

经济伦理研究和伦理经济研究有共同的论域,即经济学与伦理学相交的范围;这种研究必须面对现实的经济生活和社会道德状况,并从中引申出经济与伦理交互作用的规律性;作为经济学与伦理学的交叉学科,经济伦理学既是一门实证科学,又是一门价值学科;经济伦理学的研究必须遵循实事求是的原则、历史与逻辑相统一的原则和价值学的原则.     

Towards a Perfectionist Response to Ethical Conflict

This paper argues for a pluralist perfectionist response to ethical conflict. This sets for states and their public schools the task of helping people adjudicate conflicts between ethical orientations and of promoting or discouraging particular conceptions of a good life. The aim of deliberation is mutual ethical recognition and growth, judged against a thick yet universally shared conception of human flourishing. The political justification of perfectionism is that it provides a better defense against repression and discrimination than state neutrality on issues of the good life. The paper addresses liberal concerns and counters claims that adjudication threatens human relationships.     

福利经济学的伦理选择

本文依据效率与伦理两个基本标准探讨了福利经济学对于经济运行体系的伦理选择问题。首先分别讨论了福利经济学参照两个基本标准对于经济运行体系进行伦理选择的具体情况。其次分析了福利经济学在参照第二个基本标准对于经济运行体系进行伦理选择时所遇到的理论困难及其原因,即仅仅依据功利主义伦理基础的狭窄理论框架与包含道义主义伦理学在内的广阔的价值世界之间的矛盾。最后指出:通过引入道义主义伦理学作为福利经济学的伦理基础之一,特别是通过引入伦理妥协的方法解决经济学的功利主义基础与道义主义基础之间的矛盾,便可以扩展福利经济学的理论框架,消除福利经济学在参照第二个基本标准对于经济运行体系进行伦理选择时所遇到的理论困难,使福利经济学能够在新的意义上同时参照两个基本标准对于经济运行体系进行有效的伦理选择。     

In defense of a regulated market economy

The dominant understanding of political corporate social responsibility (CSR) suggests new, broader political roles for businesses in the globalized economy, challenging the classical liberal social order (where business firms’ task is to focus on economic issues and the government's role is to take care of political responsibilities). In this paper, we show how the major framing of the political CSR discussion not only challenges the classical liberal social order but also goes against the more general political economic perspective of the regulated market economy (where strict and [in most cases] strong boundaries exist between business and politics). We argue that this latter tendency of the political CSR discussion is its main weakness. We introduce a Rawlsian reframing of political CSR that is in line with the idea of a global-regulated market economy and compatible with some of the basic global ethical aims of the political CSR movement.     

略论伦理经济

本文将不再坚持传统的伦理与经济的二分法的观点,不把伦理看作只是对经济存在一种能动的反作用。试图从一个新的伦理经济的视角研究,伦理经济把伦理本身看作是渗透在经济之中的一种经济因素,经济本身内涵着伦理价值。伦理与经济互相渗透,互相作用,在一定意义上互为一体。因为问题过于宏大和复杂,无法进行全面研究,只从伦理道德作为伦理精神和作为资本如何与经济因素融合这样二个方面加以论证。     

A Study on School Leaders' Ethical Orientations in Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to explore the ethical orientations of Taiwan's school leaders by means of a questionnaire survey of 573 school leaders. A multidimensional ethical framework, including utilitarianism, justice, care, critique, and virtue, was used. The results demonstrate that the most frequent ethical orientation of Taiwan's school leaders is justice. Second, the ethical orientation of Taiwan's school leaders is influenced by Confucian ethics to some degree, especially in terms of virtue ethics. However, the ethical orientation of school leaders significantly varies depending on gender, age, position, years of teaching experience, and educational administration ethics training.     

Confidentiality and paradox: the location of ethical space

Implicit in Jung's alchemical metaphor of the vas bene clausum is the idea of an analytic frame with a space inside it for something vital, a relationship between two selves, to develop. For this to happen, analysts must respect their patients' rights to confidentiality. The paper explores the analyst's state of mind and the intrapsychic processes that are constellated when struggling with ethical dilemmas about issues of confidentiality in analytic work. The author suggests that at times when analysts consider breaking confidentiality, there is often a disturbing inner conflict between their moral principles (codes of ethics) and their internal personal ethical attitude. At these difficult moments, the mutuality of the work and the vas bene clausum can be significantly disrupted. The analyst tries to find a third position, a mental and emotional ethical space where the subjective and the objective, the ethical and the unethical can become more companionable bedfellows.     

网络经济的伦理意蕴——网络经济特征的视角

与传统工业经济相比,网络经济具有信息网络所赋予的新的特点,同时又蕴藏着特定的道德内涵。从网络经济的特征的视角来看,我们可以发现网络经济中所蕴藏的“以人为本”、“服务顾客”的道德取向;合作双赢、利益共享的伦理理念;公正平等、和谐共处的价值导向;开放自由、共同发展的伦理方向。     

熟人关系的道德审视

我国传统人际关系是以熟人为主的社会关系,这种人际关系是与生产力不发达的自然经济和宗法家族社会结构相适应的,具有明显的双重道德特征,在当今社会经济生活中日益显示出其局限性改革开放的深入和市场经济的发展正促使我国传统熟人关系向生人关系转变,必然要求人们养成平等待人、宽容博爱、理性自觉、公私分明的道德观念和相应的道德行为模式。     

Ideas of self and community: Ethical implications for a communitarian conception of moral autonomy

This paper attempts to construct a concept of moral autonomy thai is compatible with a relationally-based or care-based ethical theory. After critiquing the traditional liberal identification of the ethical self with an abstract rational self detached from community and historical narrative, I argue that the ethical self emerges in a dialectical relation with the community itself. Essentially, I argue for a concept of autonomy that will be analyzed as a critical perspective from within a community rather than as a privileged view from outside. Central to this argument is an understanding of the nature and role of moral conversation in the regeneration of community. The nature of that conversation is examined.     

Doing Ethics or Changing for the Better?

In this paper, classical pragmatism is used as a method, not as a substantial ethical theory, to develop “moral pragmatics.” Moral pragmatics offers a constructive approach for making progress where traditional ethical theories converge, and it innovates ethical deliberation. Assuming widespread agreement that real moral problems need practical solutions, the paper addresses two related problems: the missing link between ethical theories and moral practice, and the question of who is in charge of finding such solutions. It argues that “conscience” can create a link between ethical knowledge and moral practice, and that this partly discharges “the ethicist” from the task of solving problems that are not really, or not only, hers. Two specific methodological innovations are suggested that go beyond admonitions to render ethics sensitive to context. Instead, a reevaluation of “casuistry” and a sensitivity for “finding the right words” give an idea of how to achieve this goal.