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1.
Weil V 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(2):223-227
As Kenneth Pimple points out, scientists’ responsibilities to the larger society have received less attention than ethical issues internal to the practice of science. Yet scientists and specialists who study science have begun to provide analyses of the foundations and scope of scientsts’ responsibilities to society. An account of contributions from Kristen Shrader-Frechette, Melanie Leitner, Ullica Segerstråle, John Ahearne, Helen Longino, and Carl Cranor offers work on scientists’ social responsibilities upon which to build. 相似文献
2.
Robert McGinn 《Nanoethics》2010,4(1):1-12
Little if any of the scholarly literature on nanotechnology (NT) and ethics is directed at NT researchers. Many of these practitioners
believe that having clear ethical guidelines for the conduct of NT research is necessary. This work attempts to provide such
guidelines. While no qualitatively new ethical issues unique to NT have yet been identified, the ethical responsibilities
identified below merit serious attention by NT researchers. Thirteen specific ethical responsibilities arising at three levels
are identified. They are derived by applying four fundamental ethical responsibilities of scientists and engineers to the
specific conditions of NT research and researchers in contemporary Western societies. Since society is placing increasing
importance on producing scientists and engineers who combine high technical competence with a sensitive ethical compass, study
of the ethical dimension of NT, including the identified ethical responsibilities, should become a required element of the
formal education of all NT researchers. 相似文献
3.
The ethical implications of the new research paradigm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Scott P 《Science and engineering ethics》2003,9(1):73-84
Research is now an increasingly heterogeneous activity involving an expanded range of new actors and stake-holders and employing
an eclectic range of epistemologies and methodologies. The emergence of these new research paradigms — and, in particular,
of so-called ‘Mode 2’ knowledge production that is highly contextualised and socially distributed — raises new and challenging
ethical issues and also important questions about the autonomy of science and the social responsibilities of scientists. 相似文献
4.
Organizers of the Human Genome Project (HGP) understood from the beginning that the scientific activities of mapping and sequencing the human genome would raise ethical, legal, and social issues that would require careful attention by scientists, health care professionals, government officials, and the public. The establishment of the ELSI (ethical, legal, and social implications) programs at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and the Department of Energy (DOE) was thought to be vital to the success of the HGP in the United States. It also provided a novel approach to the simultaneous study of ethical, legal, and social issues and basic scientific issues. Eric Juengst, the first director of the ELSI program, described its origins in a previous issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal (Juengst 1991). Now in its seventh year, the ELSI program has accomplished much. This article summarizes the evolution and goals of the ELSI program at NHGRI, outlines the program's current research priorities with examples of activities within each priority area, and provides a look to the future, including the initiation of a strategic planning process. 相似文献
5.
The increasing number of companies providing internet services and auction tools helped popularize the online reverse auction
trend for purchasing commodities and services in the last decade. As a result, a number of owners, both public and private,
accepted the online reverse auctions as the bidding technique for their construction projects. Owners, while trying to minimize
their costs for construction projects, are also required to address their ethical responsibilities to the shareholders. In
the case of online reverse auctions for construction projects, the ethical issues involved in the bidding technique directly
reflects on the owner’s ethical and social responsibilities to their shareholders.
The goal of this paper is to identify the shareholder ethics and responsibilities in online reverse auctions for construction
projects by analyzing the ethical issues for the parties involved in the process. The identification of the ethical issues
and responsibilities requires clear definition and understanding of professional ethics and the roles of the involved parties.
In this paper, first, the concept of professional ethics and social responsibility is described in a general form. To illustrate
the ethical issues and responsibilities, a sample case of bidding for a construction project using online reverse auction
techniques is presented in which the shareholders were actively involved in questioning the ethical issues. The issues involved
in the bidding process and their reflection on the shareholder responsibilities are described and analyzed for each stage
of the process. A brief discussion of the overall process is also included to address the general ethical issues involved
in online reverse auctions.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
6.
The social responsibilities of biological scientists 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Biological scientists, like scientists in other disciplines, are uncertain about whether or how to use their knowledge and
time to provide society with insight and guidance in handling the effects of inventions and discoveries. This article addresses
this issue. It presents a typography of structures in which scientists may contribute to social understanding and decisions.
It describes the different ways in which these contributions can be made. Finally it develops the ethical arguments that justify
the view that biological scientists have social responsibilities.
The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Department of Defense. 相似文献
7.
Elizabeth A. Corley Youngjae Kim Dietram A. Scheufele 《Science and engineering ethics》2016,22(1):111-132
Scientists’ sense of social responsibility is particularly relevant for emerging technologies. Since a regulatory vacuum can sometimes occur in the early stages of these technologies, individual scientists’ social responsibility might be one of the most significant checks on the risks and negative consequences of this scientific research. In this article, we analyze data from a 2011 mail survey of leading U.S. nanoscientists to explore their perceptions the regarding social and ethical responsibilities for their nanotechnology research. Our analyses show that leading U.S. nanoscientists express a moderate level of social responsibility about their research. Yet, they have a strong sense of ethical obligation to protect laboratory workers (in both universities and industry) from unhealthy exposure to nanomaterials. We also find that there are significant differences in scientists’ sense of social and ethical responsibility depending on their demographic characteristics, job affiliation, attention to media content, risk perceptions and benefit perceptions. We conclude with some implications for future research. 相似文献
8.
Nicholas B 《Science and engineering ethics》1999,5(4):515-530
Senior molecular geneticists were interviewed about their perceptions of the ethical and social implications of genetic knowledge.
Inductive analysis of these interviews identified a number of strategies through which the scientists negotiated their moral
responsibilities as they participated in generating knowledge that presents difficult ethical questions. These strategies
included: further analysis and application of scientific method; clarification of multiple roles; negotiation with the public
through public debate, institutional processes of funding, ethics committees and legislation; and personal responsibility. 相似文献
9.
Elliott KC 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(4):637-661
Ethicists widely accept the notion that scientists have moral responsibilities to benefit society at large. The dissemination
of scientific information to the public and its political representatives is central to many of the ways in which scientists
serve society. Unfortunately, the task of providing information can often give rise to moral quandaries when scientific experts
participate in politically charged debates over issues that are fraught with uncertainty. This paper develops a theoretical
framework for an “ethics of expertise” (EOE) based on the notion that scientists have responsibilities to provide information
in a way that promotes autonomous decision-making on the part of the public and its representatives. Moreover, insofar as
the principle of informed consent has developed in biomedical ethics as a way for physicians to promote autonomous decision-making
on the part of their patients, this paper suggests that the informed-consent concept may suggest a set of criteria and guidelines
that can help scientists to fulfill their similar ethical responsibilities to the public. In order to illustrate how the resulting
EOE could provide practical guidance for scientific experts, the paper examines a case study involving the dissemination of
information about the low-dose biological effects of toxic chemicals and carcinogens. 相似文献
10.
Louise Bezuidenhout 《Science and engineering ethics》2014,20(2):445-467
The life sciences are increasingly being called on to produce “socially robust” knowledge that honors the social contract between science and society. This has resulted in the emergence of a number of “broad social issues” that reflect the ethical tensions in these social contracts. These issues are framed in a variety of ways around the world, evidenced by differences in regulations addressing them. It is important to question whether these variations are simply regulatory variations or in fact reflect a contextual approach to ethics that brings into question the existence of a system of “global scientific ethics”. Nonetheless, within ethics education for scientists these broad social issues are often presented using this scheme of global ethics due to legacies of science ethics pedagogy. This paper suggests this may present barriers to fostering international discourse between communities of scientists, and may cause difficulties in harmonizing (and transporting) national regulations for the governance of these issues. Reinterpreting these variations according to how the content of ethical principles is attributed by communities is proposed as crucial for developing a robust international discourse. To illustrate this, the paper offers some empirical fieldwork data that considers how the concept of dual-use (as a broad social issue) was discussed within African and UK laboratories. Demonstrating that African scientists reshaped the concept of dual-use according to their own research environmental pressures and ascribed alternative content to the principles that underpin it, suggests that the limitations of a “global scientific ethics” system for these issues cannot be ignored. 相似文献
11.
Brabender V 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2006,56(4):395-414
Group psychotherapists in their everyday practice confront a series of ethical problems, some of which rise to the level of ethical dilemmas. This two-part special series will address how the group psychotherapist can address these problems and dilemmas in a way that leads to an ethical course of conduct. This article introduces the series by examining ethical principles and decision-making processes that are relevant to the wide range of issues that confront the group psychotherapist. The article also considers the person of the group psychotherapist him or herself and notes that certain personal qualities might create a foundation for ethical thinking and behavior. 相似文献
12.
Clare Shelley-Egan 《Nanoethics》2010,4(2):183-189
Issues of responsibility in the world of nanotechnology are becoming explicit with the emergence of a discourse on ‘responsible
development’ of nanoscience and nanotechnologies. Much of this discourse centres on the ambivalences of nanotechnology and
of promising technology in general. Actors must find means of dealing with these ambivalences. Actors’ actions and responses
to ambivalence are shaped by their position and context, along with strategic games they are involved in, together with other
actors. A number of interviews were conducted with industrial actors with the aim of uncovering their ethical stances towards
responsible development of nanotechnology. The data shows that standard repertoires of justification of nanotechnological
development were used. Thus, the industrial actors fell back on their position and associated responsibilities. Such responses
reinforce a division of moral labour in which industrial actors and scientists can focus on the progress of science and technology,
while other actors, such as NGOs, are expected to take care of broader considerations, such as ethical and social issues. 相似文献
13.
Karl B. Frank 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2013,63(4):395-396
AbstractGroup psychotherapists in their everyday practice confront a series of ethical problems, some of which rise to the level of ethical dilemmas. This two-part special series will address how the group psychotherapist can address these problems and dilemmas in a way that leads to an ethical course of conduct. This article introduces the series by examining ethical principles and decision-making processes that are relevant to the wide range of issues that confront the group psychotherapist. The article also considers the person of the group psychotherapist him or herself and notes that certain personal qualities might create a foundation for ethical thinking and behavior. 相似文献
14.
Schrag Brian Ferrell Gloria Weil Vivian Fiedler Tristan J. Ferrell Gloria Weil Vivian Fiedler Tristan J. 《Science and engineering ethics》2003,9(4):569-582
This case raises ethical issues involving conflicts of interest arising from industrial funding of academic research; ethical
responsibilities of laboratories to funding agencies; ethical responsibilities in the management of a research lab; ethical
considerations in appropriate research design; communication in a research group; communication between advisor and graduate
student; responsibilities of researchers for the environment; misrepresentation or withholding of scientific results. 相似文献
15.
Schrag B Ferrell G Weil V Fiedler TJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2003,9(4):569-77; discussion 578-82
This case raises ethical issues involving conflicts of interest arising from industrial funding of academic research; ethical responsibilities of laboratories to funding agencies; ethical responsibilities in the management of a research lab; ethical considerations in appropriate research design; communication in a research group; communication between advisor and graduate student; responsibilities of researchers for the environment; misrepresentation or withholding of scientific results. 相似文献
16.
Robert McGinn 《Nanoethics》2013,7(2):93-105
To what extent do nanotechnology researchers discern specific work-related ethical responsibilities that are incumbent upon them? A questionnaire was designed and administered to answer this question. Analysis of responses to 11 ethical responsibility statements (ERSs) by 213 researchers at the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility revealed widespread agreement about a number of work-related ethical responsibilities and substantial divergence in the views about several others. Explanations of this divergence are proposed. A new variable is defined that gauges the respondent’s overall level of discernment of the ethical responsibilities referenced in the ERSs. The mean discernment level score for respondents who had taken a course that included discussion of ethical issues closely related to science, technology, or engineering was significantly higher than for those who had not. Further, among respondents who had taken such a course, the mean discernment level score for those who had taken an ethics course devoted to exploration of ethical issues closely related to science, technology, or engineering was significantly higher than for those who had taken a technical science or engineering course that typically pays only fleeting attention to such issues. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
17.
The twisted helix: An essay on genetic counselors,eugenics, and social responsibility 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Resta RG 《Journal of genetic counseling》1992,1(3):227-243
The American eugenics movement had a significant impact on American social history, and analysis of the movement illustrates the relationship among science, scientists, and society. The history of the American eugenics movement as well as more recent examples of eugenic thought and biological determinism are reviewed. The need for genetic counselors to confront eugenic issues in their own profession and in society is discussed. 相似文献
18.
Hackett EJ 《Science and engineering ethics》2002,8(2):211-214
Stimulated by Kenneth Pimple's "Six Domains of Research Ethic", this paper examines four aspects of the responsible conduct of research and scientists' social responsibilities. I argue that scholars and decision-makers concerned with the responsible conduct of research should take notice of the rapidly growing body of scholarship on the social organization of science and the behavior of scientists, integrating that work with ethical principles. Of particular concern are the increasing heterogeneity and interdisciplinary of research, the ambivalences in the practice of peer review, the social tensions of research life, and the heightened concern for social and economic returns from federal research investments. In all, the paper echoes and develops Pimple's call for integrative thinking about the responsible conduct of research. 相似文献
19.
Cynthia E. Brown 《Ethics & behavior》2016,26(8):688-702
The field of ethics in psychology has devoted a great deal of attention to the ethical issues that arise when students and faculty develop mentor–mentee relationships. However, little attention has been given to examining the role of graduate students acting as mentors. Graduate students often supervise and evaluate undergraduates as a part of research and teaching responsibilities, and may act as mentors to more junior graduate students. This article discusses the unique qualities and ethical considerations of graduate students in mentoring relationships. Finally, this article concludes with recommendations on ethical mentorship inspired by the American Psychological Association (2010) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. 相似文献
20.
Erich W. Schienke Seth D. Baum Nancy Tuana Kenneth J. Davis Klaus Keller 《Science and engineering ethics》2011,17(3):503-523
In this essay we develop and argue for the adoption of a more comprehensive model of research ethics than is included within
current conceptions of responsible conduct of research (RCR). We argue that our model, which we label the ethical dimensions
of scientific research (EDSR), is a more comprehensive approach to encouraging ethically responsible scientific research compared
to the currently typically adopted approach in RCR training. This essay focuses on developing a pedagogical approach that
enables scientists to better understand and appreciate one important component of this model, what we call intrinsic ethics. Intrinsic ethical issues arise when values and ethical assumptions are embedded within scientific findings and analytical
methods. Through a close examination of a case study and its application in teaching, namely, evaluation of climate change
integrated assessment models, this paper develops a method and case for including intrinsic ethics within research ethics
training to provide scientists with a comprehensive understanding and appreciation of the critical role of values and ethical
choices in the production of research outcomes. 相似文献