共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
运用词汇判断任务,考察了汉语双字词识别中的多义性效应。实验一运用2个真字任意组合构成的假词(如:镜社)作填充材料,发现多义词识别的优势效应仅仅存在于错误率中。实验二运用与源真词(如:冲锋)同音形似的假词(如:冲烽)作填充材料,促使被试更多地在语义水平上做出判断,结果发现很强的多义词识别的优势效应,这种效应主要表现在低频词上。两个实验结果表明,在词汇判断中用不同的假词作填充词会影响被试的词汇判断策略,从而在不同水平上通达词义。最后,用反馈模型对实验结果进行了解释。 相似文献
2.
采用3种方法考察汉语词汇产生中语义激活(词条选择)和音位编码这两个阶段之间的关系。实验一、二分别采用图片命名法和干扰字命名法,发现目标图片(“牛”)的语义相关词(“羊”)的语音信息得到了激活,说明汉语词汇产生中存在多重语音激活,音位编码在词条选择完成之前既已开始。实验三采用语义范畴判断法,考察语音信息的激活是否会向上反馈到词条和语义层次,发现目标图片(“羊”)的同音字(“阳”)不会促进对图片的语义判断。研究表明,多重语音激活与语音激活向词条和语义层次反馈是两个独立的,可以分割的问题。虽然实验一和二的结果符合相互作用理论,实验三的结果符合模块化观点,但就总体而言,本研究更加支持词汇产生中的模块化观点 相似文献
3.
通过2个实验, 考察了语义类标记在中国手语词汇识别和语义提取中的作用。实验1采用手语词汇判断任务, 比较了有、无语义类标记的手语词汇识别。实验2采用语义决定任务, 探讨了语义类标记对手语词语义提取的影响。结果表明, 语义类标记影响聋生对手语词的识别和语义提取。聋生识别有语义类标记的手语词显著快于识别无语义类标记的手语词。当语义类标记与手语词的语义一致时, 能够促进聋生对手语词的语义提取; 当语义类标记与手语词的语义不一致, 会干扰聋生对手语词的语义提取。中国手语词语义类标记效应的发现, 丰富了中国手语词词汇认知的理论, 对聋人的语言教学和概念教学具有重要的启示。 相似文献
4.
通过两个词汇识别任务,考察词汇加工过程中的无关言语效应。实验1采用真假词判断任务,考察有意义言语、无意义言语、白噪音和安静的背景声音对不同具体性的词汇识别的影响。结果发现,仅有意义言语干扰了词汇识别,且主要体现在对低具体性词汇判断的反应时显著增加。实验2采用了语义范畴判断任务,同样发现有意义言语条件下被试的反应时显著大于其他声音条件。结果表明,中文词汇加工过程中存在无关言语效应,且当任务强调语义加工时,干扰主要源于无关言语的语义成分,支持了语义干扰假说。 相似文献
5.
采用词汇判断法,考察双字多义词各意义间的联系程度对词汇判断时间的影响,同时考察,意义间联系程度不同的多义词与单义词的词汇判断时间的关系。实验结果表明:汉语中双字多义词意义间联系程度的高低没有对多义词词汇判断的时间产生影响。在低频词的条件下,双字多义词,不管其意义间联系程度的高低,词汇判断的时间都快于单义词的判断时间,这表明汉语词汇识别中,存在低频多义词的识别优势效应。 相似文献
6.
藏-汉-英三语者词汇与语义表征研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用跨语言长时重复启动范式,考察藏-汉-英三语者词汇与语义表征的特点.结果发现:(1)三种语言的语义属于分布式共享表征,并受语言熟练程度、媒介语影响,表现出词汇与共享概念的不对称性.(2)三种语言的词汇独立表征. 相似文献
7.
该研究通过词汇判断作业考察了中文双字合成词的心理表征问题。目标刺激为高频透明、高频不透明、低频透明、低频不透明词各12个和48个假词,被试任务为即既又准的判断目标刺激是否是一个词。结果发现,高频词的词汇判断速度快于低频词,透明词的词汇判断速度快于不透明词,词频和语义透明度有显著的交互作用。透明度对低频词的识别所起的作用大于对高频词的识别所起的作用。 相似文献
8.
采用类别判断任务和ERP技术,考察义符在生物/非生物概念分类中的作用机制。行为结果发现,对生物概念,比起无标示类属义符的词,有标示类属义符词的反应时更短。ERP结果发现,对于两类概念,比起无标示类属义符的词,有标示类属义符的词诱发的N400波幅更小、LPC波幅更大。研究表明,在汉语词汇抽象语义的分类过程中,义符在语义提取(N400)和语义整合阶段(LPC)均具有促进作用。 相似文献
9.
口语词汇产生过程中存在语义抑制和语义促进效应, 可能发生在概念准备和词汇选择或者后词汇水平阶段。本研究采用图画-词汇干扰实验任务, 变化图画与词汇出现点之间的时间间隔(stimulus onset asynchrony, SOA), 运用脑电技术考察口语词汇产生中语义效应发生的时间进程。结果显示, 当SOA为0 ms时表现出语义抑制效应, 语义效应发生在词汇选择阶段(344~418 ms); 当SOA为-400 ms时, 语义效应发生在概念准备阶段(0~76 ms)和词汇选择阶段(274~390 ms); 460~594 ms时间窗口内的语义效应可能表明讲话者对语义信息的自我监测。词汇产生中存在语义促进效应和抑制效应的权衡, 影响了行为结果中语义效应的方向, 上述发现支持了口语词汇产生的词汇竞争假说。 相似文献
10.
11.
MATTI LAINE 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》1996,37(3):238-248
The present study tested whether Finnish inflectional or derivational suffixes have lexical access units separate from word roots. In three lexical decision experiments, pseudowords carrying a case-inflection required significantly longer rejection times than nonaffixed pseudowords. This suggests that case-inflections have separate lexical access units. Similar effects were obtained for productive derivational suffixes, too. A specific lexical architecture, being able to account for both the present pseudoword results as well as earlier ones obtained with real Finnish nouns, is proposed. 相似文献
12.
以汉语双字构成的真词与假词为实验材料,22名大学生为被试,采用功能性近红外脑成像技术(f NIRS)和事件相关设计,考察被试在完成词汇判断任务时的大脑激活模式,探索汉语双字词在心理词典中的表征方式。结果发现:(1)在完成真假词判断任务时,被试大脑左侧额叶和左侧颞叶均被激活;(2)与判断假词相比,被试在判断真词时显著地激活左额上回和左额中回。这一结果说明汉语双字词在心理词典中是混合表征的。 相似文献
13.
联想是认知科学中十分重要的现象,许多学者进行过不同角度的研究,获得了许多有意义的结果。根据有关对象(0bject)描述的基本概念,从联接机制的角度对联想问题进行一些探讨,并提出一个基于特征的联想模型FBCAM(FeatureBasedConnectionistAssociationModel)。在FBCAM中,对象由其特征及特征的伴随值描述,从而可以获得更为精确的描述。对象的全部特征构成描述模式,伴随值则相应地构成伴随向量。在此基础上可以细致地刻画概念之间的相似性,并可对联想及注意机制进行细致的模拟与分析。文中利用联接机制的思想实现了FBCAM并给出该系统的部分运行结果,表明FBCAM可以较合理地解释联想过程 相似文献
14.
F. Richard Ferraro Melissa Andres Lisa Stromberg Jeannie Kristjanson 《The Journal of psychology》2013,147(5):467-475
The authors examined the effect that being at risk for developing an eating disorder has on the lexical processing of words related to fat and words not related to fat. Individuals (n = 17) at risk for developing an eating disorder were compared with controls (n = 31) using a lexical decision task in which fat-related words (e.g., large), unrelated words (e.g., fair), neutral words (e.g., post), and pseudowords (e.g., flirp) were given. The results revealed an expected Group x Stimuli interaction for reaction times indicating that at-risk individuals were significantly faster at processing fat-related words than words unrelated to fat. The authors discuss these results within the context of how fat-related stimuli are processed in at-risk individuals and how models of information processing can aid in the interpretation and understanding of eating disorders. 相似文献
15.
采用词汇判定法,考察首词频率和尾词频率对高熟悉度四字成语识别的影响。实验结果表明:(1)对高熟悉度成语的识别规律与多层聚类表征模型的观点比较吻合;(2)构成成语的成份词对成语表征有竞争和干扰作用,高频率成份词相对于低频率成份词,对成语表征的竞争和干扰作用较大。 相似文献
16.
Steven J. Muncer David C. Knight John W. Adams 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2013,54(5):349-352
There has been a considerable amount of research looking at the effects of both syllable number and syllable frequency on lexical decision and word naming times. Recently, there has also been an increased interest in morphological variables, but there have been no large scale studies that have examined the role of the number of morphemes in lexical decision for nonwords. This is partly because of the difficulty of identifying morphemes in nonwords. We present a program that identifies the presence of affixes and, therefore, can be used to count the number of morpheme‐like elements in a nonword. We then used the program to measure the importance of affixes/morphemes in predicting lexical decision in nonwords. The results suggested that morphemes have an important role in lexical decision for both words and nonwords. 相似文献
17.
James Quinter Holsopple 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(4):399-404
Abstract Mind and Conduct. By Henry R. Marshall. N. Y., Scribner, 1919. 236 p. Natural Food and Care for Child and Mother. By Susan Harding Rummler. Chicago, Rand McNally, 1919. 298 p. The Psychology and Pedagogy of Anger. By Roy Franklin Richardson. Baltimore, Warwick and York, 1918. 100 p. The Blind. Their Condition and the Work Being Done for Them in the United States. By Harry Best. N. Y., MacMillan, 1919. 762 p. Verse for Patriots. Comp. By Jean Broadhurst and Clara L. Rhodes. Phil., Lippincott, 1919. 367 p. American Leaders. By Walter Lefferts. Phil., Lippincott, 1919. 329 p. Christ as a Teacher. By John W. Wayland. Boston, The Stratford Co., 1919. 70 p. Applied Economic Botany. By Melville Thurston Cook. Phil., Lippincott, 1919. 261 p. Deficiency and Delinquency. An interpretation of mental testing. By James Burt Miner. Baltimore, Warwick and York, 1918. 355 p. Education in Ancient Israel to 70 A. D. By Fletcher Harper Swift. Chicago, Open court, 1919. 134 p. Hidden Treasure. By John T. Simpson. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1919. 303 p. French Educational Ideals of Today. By Ferdinand Buisson &; F. E. Farrington. Yonkers-on-Hudson, World Book Co., 1919. 326 p. 相似文献
18.
Montserrat Comesaña Ana P. Soares Ana Marcet Manuel Perea 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(4):651-674
In skilled adult readers, transposed‐letter effects (jugde ‐JUDGE ) are greater for consonant than for vowel transpositions. These differences are often attributed to phonological rather than orthographic processing. To examine this issue, we employed a scenario in which phonological involvement varies as a function of reading experience: A masked priming lexical decision task with 50‐ms primes in adult and developing readers. Indeed, masked phonological priming at this prime duration has been consistently reported in adults, but not in developing readers (Davis, Castles, & Iakovidis, 1998). Thus, if consonant/vowel asymmetries in letter position coding with adults are due to phonological influences, transposed‐letter priming should occur for both consonant and vowel transpositions in developing readers. Results with adults (Experiment 1) replicated the usual consonant/vowel asymmetry in transposed‐letter priming. In contrast, no signs of an asymmetry were found with developing readers (Experiments 2–3). However, Experiments 1–3 did not directly test the existence of phonological involvement. To study this question, Experiment 4 manipulated the phonological prime‐target relationship in developing readers. As expected, we found no signs of masked phonological priming. Thus, the present data favour an interpretation of the consonant/vowel dissociation in letter position coding as due to phonological rather than orthographic processing. 相似文献
19.
运用了联结主义理论中的级连相关模型,以连续XOR问题为实例,研究了心理学中的知觉边界效应问题。实验结果表明,联结主义模型可以对知觉边界效应进行模拟,表征不同知识结构的神经网络对于连续XOR问题的知觉边界效应没有显著差异。 相似文献
20.
The current study examines the relationship between 18‐month‐old toddlers’ vocabulary size and their ability to inhibit attention to no‐longer relevant information using the backward semantic inhibition paradigm. When adults switch attention from one semantic category to another, the former and no‐longer‐relevant semantic category becomes inhibited, and subsequent attention to an item that belongs to the inhibited semantic category is impaired. Here we demonstrate that 18‐month‐olds can inhibit attention to no‐longer relevant semantic categories, but only if they have a relatively large vocabulary. These findings suggest that an increased number of items (word knowledge) in the toddler lexical‐semantic system during the “vocabulary spurt” at 18‐months may be an important driving force behind the emergence of a semantic inhibitory mechanism. Possessing more words in the mental lexicon likely results in the formation of inhibitory links between words, which allow toddlers to select and deselect words and concepts more efficiently. Our findings highlight the role of vocabulary growth in the development of inhibitory processes in the emerging lexical‐semantic system. 相似文献