"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

Resolving "Other" Status:

The current paper describes the phenomenological experience of marginal socio-ethnic status for biracial individuals. A metamodel for identity resolution for individuals who struggle with other status is proposed. Subsequently, multiple strategies in the resolution of ethnic identity development are proposed among which the individual may move and maintain a positive, stable self-image.     

试从"反哺"与"接力"看中西亲子关系

“反哺”和“接力”分别是中西方家庭中处理养老问题的两种不同模式,模式的区别也反映了中西方亲子关系的差异。导致这种差异的原因主要是中西方所处的社会发展阶段不同、中西方伦理价值观念的冲突等四个方面所致。在代际亲子观念的东西文化交流过程中,我们既要继续发扬我国尊老爱幼的优良传统,又要吸取西方重视代际亲子关系平等的合理因素,建立一个不分年龄、人人共享的和谐社会。     

"Knowledge by acquaintance" and "Knowledge-about": A psychometrical demonstration

In two studies, students were asked to rate their knowledge of a number of different topics, extracurricular as well as drawn from their textbooks of the history of psychology and philosophy. The score distributions on a scale from "unknown" to "well known" were in all cases distinctly U-formed, as if knowledge were a question of either/or, rather than one of degree. However, when knowledge was rated on a scale from "know nothing about" to "know much about", the U-pattern failed to appear, and the students tended generally to give more cautious ratings. The differences are interpreted as evidence for the philosophical and linguistic distinction between "knowledge by acquaintance" (German: "kennen", French: "connaître") and "knowledge-about" (German: "wissen", French: "savoir").     

Religion与宗教:分析范畴与本土概念

我国古代并无相当于现代意义的religion一词。"宗教"的现代含义来自日语借词。Religion的现代意义是17、18世纪西方社会日益了解异文化的结果。源于基督教背景,religion被界定为以信仰为核心的信仰与仪式的二元组合,由此确立宗教研究的基本范式。但在中国宗教研究中,此一理论研究范式亦显出诸多困境。本文通过初步梳理比较religion、宗教、道等概念范畴在西方和中国的话语史,探讨理解中国宗教实践新的理论出发点与可能性。     

超越自由主义和共和主义:哈贝马斯的程序民主

哈贝马斯在《事实与有效性》一书中重新对民主进行了反思。他既不满意自由主义建立在立宪民主政体的政治正义观念之上的民主理论,也不满意以伦理的价值同一性原则为依据的共和主义的民主理论。在他看来,这两种民主理论都是片面的,前者在政治实践中赋予民主的规范意义太弱,后者赋予民主的规范意义则太强。为了对民主在政治实践中的作用做出恰当的解释,他提出了一种程序民主的思想。该思想的宗旨是,通过对自由主义和共和主义的民主思想进行调和,制定出一种既能顾及保护个人自由的人权原则,叉能够使公民在伦理和政治上的自由权利得到切实维护的民主实践的方法。     

Representatives in Negotiations: "Internal" Variables That Affect "External" Negotiations

This study examined the influence of "internal" organizational variables on representative perceptions of "external" negotiations. Representative reelection, involvement in position formation, and entry into groups perceived to differ in their stages of development were manipulated in the context of simulated union-management wage negotiations to determine their effect on negotiators' subsequent perceptions of the bargaining experience. Results indicated that entry into a newly formed group (vs. an ongoing group) and involvement in formulating the group position both increased negotiators' acceptance of the group goals. Further, several negative effects of new group membership in ongoing groups were attenuated by increasing the involvement of representatives in group decision making. There was no support for the hypothesis that a formal reelection process would strengthen representatives' commitment to the group goals. Overall, these findings suggest that involvement in position formation, and entry into groups differing in their maturity, influence the perceptions of representatives and may have several important and interesting effects on negotiations.     

美的真理观:"共识观"与"解释学"的统一

由“美的哲学”观之,“美”必定具有某种“真理”性的诉求,“美的真理观”理应得到充分论证。然而,在尼采之前的欧洲哲学史上,美与真的断裂,却一直被视为主流观念。一“真理符合论”缘何拒斥“美”?在“前柏拉图—希腊”(pre-PlatonicGreece)的所谓“大艺术”(theGreatArt)阶段,[1]“真理”一词(aletheia)尚保存着其去蔽、展现、揭示的原初内涵。真理作为一种Unverborgenheit(去蔽状态),[2]并非指对主体(认识、陈述、判断)的解释,而意味着对存在的开显。只是在发展到“物我两待”的思想构架里,真理才脱离了其原初的意义,而被赋予了“真理…     

社会比较中的认知偏差探析：“优于常人”效应和“差于常人”效应

近几年来,在社会心理学的研究中社会比较中的认知偏差现象越来越多的受到研究者的关注。该文主要介绍了社会比较中的认知偏差现象：“优于常人”效应和“差于常人”效应。并对其理论依据、测量方法以及研究的理论意义分别进行了介绍。最后,在对以往研究回顾的基础上,提出了对今后研究的展望。     

海德格尔与世界问题的发生:一个"Topology"的标画

本文着重指出：是“无人称句”唤醒了海德格尔对思想的源初惊讶——而这是目前国内的海学研究还没有关注的,即“无人称句”(Eswehet,Esgibt Welt)所指引的问题。但本文不在于论证与展开海氏对这个问题的具体解决,而在于从海德格尔的现象学解释学方法勾勒出世界问题的“拓扑学”(Topology),即首先显示了他对传统世界观哲学的“拆毁”,然后他把世界问题“还原”到无人称句上,最后用形式指示方式“重建”本几的成事的世界。     

Formal lexical paragraphias in a single case study: how "masterpiece" can become "misterpieman" and "curiosity" "suretoy"

Formal lexical errors are relatively rare in the production of aphasic patients. In this study, we report the case of DW, who makes a high proportion of these errors. A few other cases have previously been reported, but DW shows a number of distinguishing characteristics. First, formal lexical errors are made in spelling and not in spoken speech. Second, they are associated with morphological errors and not with semantic errors. Third, they often combine lexical units in ways which are semantically and morphologically illegal. Finally, the majority of morphological errors involve the insertion, rather than the deletion, of suffixes. This pattern can be explained by hypothesizing that DW's errors arise because of confusions among a cohort of lexical neighbors activated top-down from a phonological input and bottom-up from shared letters. One possible cause of the confusions is lack of proper inhibition among lexical competitors.