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1.
Timothy Chappell 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(3):255-265
I discuss Bernard Williams’ ‘integrity objection’ – his version of the demandingness objection to unreasonably demanding ‘extremist’
moral theories such as consequentialism – and argue that it is best understood as presupposing the internal reasons thesis.
However, since the internal reasons thesis is questionable, so is Williams’ integrity objection. I propose an alternative
way of bringing out the unreasonableness of extremism, based on the notion of the agent’s autonomy, and show how an objection
to this proposal can be outflanked by a strategy that also outflanks the ‘paradox of deontology.’
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Timothy ChappellEmail: |
2.
Imtiaz Moosa 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(2):159-182
In this article (1) I extract from Brentano’s works (three) formal arguments against “genealogical explanations” of ethical
claims. Such explanation can also be designated as “naturalism” (not his appellation); (2) I counter these arguments, by showing
how genealogical explanations of even apodictic moral claims are logically possible (albeit only if certain unlikely, stringent
conditions are met); (3) I show how Nietzsche’s ethics meets these stringent conditions, but evolutionary ethics does not.
My more general thesis is that naturalism and intuitionism in ethics need not be mutually incompatible.
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Imtiaz MoosaEmail: |
3.
David Phillips 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(5):457-468
I argue that John Mackie’s treatment of practical reason is both attractive and unjustly neglected. In particular, I argue
that it is importantly different from, and much more plausible than, the kind of instrumentalist approach famously articulated
by Bernard Williams. This matters for the interpretation of the arguments for Mackie’s most famous thesis: moral scepticism,
the claim that there are no objective values. Richard Joyce has recently defended a version or variant of moral scepticism
by invoking an instrumentalist theory like Williams’. I argue that this is a serious strategic mistake.
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David PhillipsEmail: |
4.
Deborah C. Poff 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2007,5(1):25-31
This article concerns the importance of teaching moral reasoning and ethical leadership to all undergraduate students and
in particular makes the case that students in business especially need familiarity with these capacities and theories given
the complex world in which they will find themselves. The corollary to this analysis is the claim that content on moral reasoning
and ethical leadership be mandatory for all business majors and that all degrees require course material on these subjects.
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Deborah C. PoffEmail: |
5.
Patricia Marino 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2006,9(5):517-533
On an expressivist view, ethical claims are understood as expressions of our attitudes, desires, and feelings. A famous puzzle for this view concerns the use of logic in ethical reasoning, and two standard treatments try to solve the puzzle by explaining logical inconsistency in terms of conflicting attitudes. I argue, however, that this general strategy fails: because we can reason effectively even in the presence of conflicting moral attitudes – in cases of moral dilemmas – avoiding these conflicts cannot be a ground for correct moral reasoning. The result is a dilemma for expressivists: if they take all kinds of attitudes to be under consideration, then conflict cannot play the required role, since attitudes can fail to be compatible in cases of moral conflict. If they restrict attention to ‘all-in attitudes’ or to intentions or plans, then there is an important notion of obligation, used in standard arguments – one for which conflicts are allowed – that they fail to capture. I explain why expressivists should be especially tolerant of conflicting attitudes, and I conclude that they should pursue a different strategy for grounding logical normativity.
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Patricia MarinoEmail: |
6.
Obstetric Ultrasound and the Technological Mediation of Morality: A Postphenomenological Analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Peter-Paul Verbeek 《Human Studies》2008,31(1):11-26
This article analyzes the moral relevance of technological artifacts and its possible role in ethical theory, by taking the
postphenomenological approach that has developed around the work of Don Ihde into the domain of ethics. By elaborating a postphenomenological
analysis of the mediating role of ultrasound in moral decisions about abortion, the article argues that technologies embody
morality and help to constitute moral subjectivity. This technological mediation of the moral subject is subsequently addressed
in terms of Michel Foucault’s ethical position, in which ethics is about actively co-shaping one’s moral subjectivity. Integrating
Foucauldian ethics and postphenomenology, the article argues that the technological mediation of moral subjectivity should
be at the heart of an ethical approach that takes the moral dimensions of technology seriously.
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Peter-Paul VerbeekEmail: |
7.
Karen Bennett has recently argued that the views articulated by Linsky and Zalta (Philos Perspect 8:431–458, 1994) and (Philos
Stud 84:283–294, 1996) and Plantinga (The nature of necessity, 1974) are not consistent with the thesis of actualism, according
to which everything is actual. We present and critique her arguments. We first investigate the conceptual framework she develops
to interpret the target theories. As part of this effort, we question her definition of ‘proxy actualism’. We then discuss
her main arguments that the theories carry a commitment to actual entities that do not exist. We end by considering and addressing
a worry that might have been the driving force behind Bennett’s claim that Linsky and Zalta’s view is not fully actualistic.
相似文献
Edward N. ZaltaEmail: |
8.
9.
Mikel Burley 《Philosophia》2006,34(4):411-416
This Article critically discusses Clifford Williams’ claim that the A-theory and B-theory of time are indistinguishable. I
examine three considerations adduced by Williams to support his claim that the concept of time essentially includes transition
as well as extension, and argue that, despite its prima facie plausibility, the claim has not been adequately justified. Williams
therefore begs the question against the B-theorist, who denies that transition is essential. By Williams’ own lights, he ought
to deny that the B-theory is a (realist) theory of time; and thus his claim that A-time and B-time do not differ significantly
should be rejected.
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Mikel BurleyEmail: |
10.
Frances Howard-Snyder 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):1-15
This paper discusses the Principle of Normative Invariance: ‘An action’s moral status does not depend on whether or not it
is performed.’ I show the importance of this principle for arguments regarding actualism and other variations on the person-affecting
restriction, discuss and rebut arguments in favor of the principle, and then discuss five counterexamples to it. I conclude
that the principle as it stands is false; and that if it is modified to avoid the counterexamples, it is gutted of any interest
or power.
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Frances Howard-SnyderEmail: |
11.
Edmund Wall 《Philosophia》2008,36(2):237-249
12.
Scott Hill 《Argumentation》2009,23(2):277-283
Toomas Karmo claims that his taxonomy of ethical sentences has the result that there does not exist a sound argument with
all non-ethical premises and an ethical conclusion. In a recent paper, Mark T. Nelson argues against this claim. Nelson presents
a sound argument that he takes to be such that (i) Karmo’s taxonomy classifies that argument’s single premise as non-ethical
and (ii) Karmo’s taxonomy classifies that argument’s conclusion as ethical. I attempt to show that Nelson is mistaken about
(ii). For any possible world at which the premise of Nelson’s argument is true, Karmo’s taxonomy classifies the conclusion
of Nelson’s argument as non-ethical.
相似文献
Scott HillEmail: |
13.
Twine R 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2007,28(6):509-523
Drawing upon a concept of ‘critical bioethics’ [7] this paper takes a species-broad approach to the social and ethical aspects of enhancement. Critical Bioethics aims to foreground
interdisciplinarity, socio-political dimensions, as well as reflexivity to what becomes bioethical subject matter. This paper
focuses upon the latter component and uses the example of animal enhancement as a way to think about both enhancement generally,
and bioethics. It constructs several arguments for including animal enhancement as a part of enhancement debates, and considers
some connections between human and animal enhancement. The paper concludes in a plea for an ‘enhancement’ to our critical
abilities to examine some of the underlying social, moral and ethical assumptions bound up in varied anticipated ‘enhanced’
futures.
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Richard TwineEmail: |
14.
Julius Bautista 《Contemporary Islam》2008,2(1):75-83
This paper discusses the extent to which Saba Mahmood’s ideas about Muslim women and agency are relevant for works beyond
her ethnographic speciality. The first part will reflect upon her arguments about Muslim female piety within the larger context
of progressive politics in the USA and the Middle East. The second part will describe the implications of Mahmood’s work towards
the production of alternative discourses—that is, works inspired by and produced from outside the overarching influence of
a Euro-American intellectual tradition.
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Julius BautistaEmail: |
15.
16.
Wicclair MR 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2008,29(3):171-185
In response to physicians who refuse to provide medical services that are contrary to their ethical and/or religious beliefs,
it is sometimes asserted that anyone who is not willing to provide legally and professionally permitted medical services should
choose another profession. This article critically examines the underlying assumption that conscientious objection is incompatible
with a physician’s professional obligations (the “incompatibility thesis”). Several accounts of the professional obligations
of physicians are explored: general ethical theories (consequentialism, contractarianism, and rights-based theories), internal
morality (essentialist and non-essentialist conceptions), reciprocal justice, social contract, and promising. It is argued
that none of these accounts of a physician’s professional obligations unequivocally supports the incompatibility thesis.
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Mark R. WicclairEmail: |
17.
To help academic associations in management develop, refine, and implement a code of ethics, we conducted a survey of management
educators’ perception of the ethicality of 142 specific behaviors in teaching, research, and service. The results of the survey
could be used to inform ethics committees of these associations regarding the level of acceptability of such conduct. The
potential value of our study for the Academy of Management or similar management associations lie in our (1) systematically
involving the members in building support for the code of ethics, (2) assessing members’ ethical judgments on both cross-sectional
and longitudinal bases so as to identify areas needing particular attention in ethical training, (3) providing an extensive
list of specific examples of questionable and potentially unethical behaviors so as to make it easier to implement the code,
and (4) providing a template survey document for potential use in involving more stakeholder groups in the development of
codes of ethics.
相似文献
M. Joseph SirgyEmail: |
18.
Douglas W. Portmore 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(4):369-388
In this paper, I argue that those moral theorists who wish to accommodate agent-centered options and supererogatory acts must
accept both that the reason an agent has to promote her own interests is a nonmoral reason and that this nonmoral reason can
prevent the moral reason she has to sacrifice those interests for the sake of doing more to promote the interests of others
from generating a moral requirement to do so. These theorists must, then, deny that moral reasons morally override nonmoral
reasons, such that even the weakest moral reason trumps the strongest nonmoral reason in the determination of an act’s moral
status (e.g., morally permissible or impermissible). If this is right, then it seems that these theorists have their work
cut out for them. It will not be enough for them to provide a criterion of rightness that accommodates agent-centered options
and supererogatory acts, for, in doing so, they incur a debt. As I will show, in accommodating agent-centered options, they
commit themselves to the view that moral reasons are not morally overriding, and so they owe us an account of how both moral
reasons and nonmoral reasons come together to determine an act’s moral status.
相似文献
Douglas W. PortmoreEmail: |
19.
Liezl van Zyl 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):91-104
In this paper I argue that the disagreement between modern moral philosophers and (some) virtue ethicists about whether motive
affects rightness is a result of conceptual disagreement, and that when they develop a theory of ‘right action,’ the two parties
respond to two very different questions. Whereas virtue ethicists tend to use ‘right’ as interchangeable with ‘good’ or ‘virtuous’
and as implying moral praise, modern moral philosophers use it as roughly equivalent to ‘in accordance with moral obligation.’
One implication of this is that the possibility of an act being right by accident does not pose a problem for consequentialism
or deontology. A further implication is that it reveals a shortcoming in virtue ethics, namely that it does not—yet needs
to—present an account of moral obligation.
相似文献
Liezl van ZylEmail: |
20.
Guobin Yang 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(2):109-115
Raymond Williams’ work on television as a cultural form offers a theoretical basis for overcoming technological determinism
in the study of the Internet. The Internet in China exerts social and political influences through the cultural forms it enables
and then only when these forms respond to the human condition. Chinese Internet culture consists of new cultural forms that
emerge out of the interactions between Internet and society and that are the products of both cultural tradition and innovation.
相似文献
Guobin YangEmail: |