Immigrant skill utilization in the Canadian labour market: Implications of human capital research

The quantitative significance of the underutilization of immigrant skills may be assessed, albeit imprecisely, in human-capital earnings analysis. Earnings deficits of immigrants may arise from: (a) lower immigrant skill quality, (b) underutilization of immigrant skills, and (c) pay inequities for immigrants doing the same work as native-born Canadians. Consistent with numerous studies, data from the 1996 census micro-data show that underutilization of immigrant skills is significant, though less so than unequal pay within occupations. In 1996 dollars, the total annual immigrant earnings deficit from all three sources was 15.0 billion, of which15.0 billion, of which 2.4 billion was related to skill underutilization, and 12.6 billion was related to pay inequity. Discussion considers adjustments to these estimates, taking account of difficulties measuring the skill levels of occupations and immigrant skill quality. < /div > < div class=Äbstract» < a name=Äbs2» < /a > La signification quantitative de la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées peut être évaluée, quoique sans précision, dans l￠analyse humain-capitale de revenus. Les déficits de revenus des immigrés peuvent surgir de: (a) la qualité immigrée inférieure de compétence, (b) sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées, et (c) injustices de salaire pour des immigrés faisant la même chose fonctionnent les Canadiens indigènesoutenus. Conformé aux nombreuses études, données des micro-données 1996 de recensement prouvent que la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées est significative, cependant moins ainsi que le salaire 


 112.6 billion was related to pay inequity. Discussion considers adjustments to these estimates, taking account of difficulties measuring the skill levels of occupations and immigrant skill quality.     

The adequacy of the theories of deductive systems with respect to sentential calculi

Summary The sentential calculiR, under discussion, are axiomatizable and implication is among their primitive terms. The modus ponens and the rule of substitution are their primitive rules. ByS _r is denoted the set of sentences obtained from the formulae of the calculusR by substituting sentences of a given language for all variables. The variablesx, y, z ... represent the elements of the setS _r , the variablesX, Y, Z ... represent the subsets ofS _R . The formulacxy designates an implication withx as its antecedent andy as its consequent,cxy is always an element ofS _R δ(X) means, thatX is closed with respect to the modus ponens rule.A _R designates the class of allS _R -substitutions of the axioms of the sentential calculusR.     

Maximum likelihood estimation of the joint covariance matrix for sections of tests given to distinct samples with application to test equating

Consider an old testX consisting ofs sections and two new testsY andZ similar toX consisting ofp andq sections respectively. All subjects are given testX plus two variable sections from either testY orZ. Different pairings of variable sections are given to each subsample of subjects. We present a method of estimating the covariance matrix of the combined test (X ₁, ...,X _s ,Y ₁, ...,Y _p ,Z ₁, ...,Z _q ) and describe an application of these estimation techniques to linear, observed-score, test equating.The author is indebted to Paul W. Holland and Donald B. Rubin for their encouragement and many helpful comments and suggestions that contributed significantly to the development of this paper.This research was supported by the Program Statistics Research Project of the ETS Research Statistics Group.     

The logic of ability,freedom and responsibility

The aim of this paper is to offer a rigorous explication of statements ascribing ability to agents and to develop the logic of such statements. A world is said to be feasible iff it is compatible with the actual past-and-present. W is a P-world iff W is feasible and P is true in W (where P is a proposition). P is a sufficient condition for Q iff every P world is a Q world. P is a necessary condition for Q iff Q is a sufficient condition forP. Each individual property S is shown to generate a rule for an agent X. X heeds S iff X makes all his future choices in accordance with S. (Note that X may heed S and yet fail to have it). S is a P-strategy for X iff X's heeding S together with P is a necessary and sufficient condition for X to have S. (P-strategies are thus rules which X is able to implement on the proviso P).Provisional opportunity: X has the opportunity to A provided P iff there is an S such that S is a P-strategy for X and X's implementing S is a sufficient condition for X's doing A. P is etiologically complete iff for every event E which P reports P also reports an etiological ancestry of E, and P is true. Categorical opportunity: X has the opportunity to A iff there is a P such that P is etiologically complete and X has the opportunity to A provided P. For X to have the ability to A there must not only be an appropriate strategy, but X must have a command of that strategy. X steadfastly intends A iff X intends A at every future moment at which his doing A is not yet inevitable. X has a command of S w.r.t. A and P iff X's steadfastly intending A together with P is a sufficient condition for X to implement S. Provisional ability: X can A provided P iff there is an S such that S is a P-strategy for X, X's implementing S is a sufficient condition for X's doing A, and X has a command of S w.r.t. A and P. Categorical ability: X can A iff there is a P such that P is etiologically complete and X can A provided P. X is free w.r.t. to A iff X can A and X can non- A. X is free iff there is an A such that X is free w.r.t. A.     

Personality and Fears

The contribution to self-reported fears of individual differences in extraversion-introversion (E) and neuroticism (N) was studied in 102 female college students. Four groups of 20 Ss each were constituted - high E high N, high E low N, low E high N, and low E low N. A fear survey schedule and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were employed. By analysis of variance, total fear scores were a significant function of N but not E. Extreme or phobic fears were a significant function of neither personality dimensions, though the N effect approached conventional significance levels. Correlational analyses on the full sample confirmed these findings, except that a statistically significant though slight (6 percent) proportion of extreme fear variance was accountable by N.     

Knowledge despite falsehood

I examine the claim, made by some authors, that we sometimes acquire knowledge from falsehood. I focus on two representative cases in which a subject S infers a proposition q from a false proposition p. If S knows that q, I argue, S's false belief that p is not essential to S's cognition. S's knowledge is instead due to S's belief that p′, a proposition in the neighbourhood of p that S (dispositionally) believes (and knows). S thus knows despite her false belief. The widely accepted and plausible principle that inferential knowledge requires known premises is unscathed.     

Utilisation des compétences des immigrants sur le marché du travail au Canada: Répercussions de la recherche sur le capital humain

La signification quantitative de la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées peut être évaluée, quoique sans précision, dans l'analyse humain-capitale de revenus. Les déficits de revenus des immigrés peuvent surgir de: (a) la qualité immigrée inférieure de compétence, (b) sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées, et (c) injustices de salaire pour des immigrés faisant la même chose fonctionnent les Canadiens indigènesoutenus. Conformé aux nombreuses études, données des micro-données 1996 de recensement prouvent que la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées est significative, cependant moins ainsi que le salaire inégal dans des métiers. En 1996 dollars, tout le déficit immigré annuel de revenus de chacune des trois sources était 15,0 milliards, dont15,0 milliards, dont 2,4 milliards ont été liés à la sous-utilisation de compétence, et 12,6 milliards ont été liés à l￠injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence. < /div > < div class=Äbstract» < a name=Äbs2» < /a > The quantitative significance of the underutilization of immigrant skills may be assessed, albeit imprecisely, in human-capital earnings analysis. Earnings deficits of immigrants may arise from: (a) lower immigrant skill quality, (b) underutilization of immigrant skills, and (c) pay inequities for immigrants doing the same work native-born Canadians. Consistent with numerous studies, data from the 1996 census micro-data show that underutilization of immigrant skills is significant, though less so than unequal pay within occupations. In 1996 dollars, the total annual immigrant earnings deficit from all three sources was12,6 milliards ont été liés à l'injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence.     

Kant,the Third Antinomy and Transcendental Arguments

In this paper, I consider whether a reading of Kant's solution to the Third Antinomy can offer material for devising a new model of transcendental argument. The problem that this form of argument is meant to address is an antinomy between two apparently contradictory claims, q and ¬q, where we seem equally justified in holding both. The model has the following form: p; q is a necessary condition of p; the only justification we have for q is that it is a necessary condition of p; p is justified only in domain X (where X is a domain of objects of cognition); therefore, q is justified only in domain X. Because the argument shows that our justification for q is valid only in X, it also establishes that there is conceptual space to hold ¬q outside of X.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed: Idolatry and Representation: The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig Reconsidered by Leora Batnitzky (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000) x + 281 pp.
Reviewed by Charles T. Mathewes
Department of Religious Studies
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA 22904‐4126
SA Violence, Hospitality, and the Cross: Reappropriating the Atonement Tradition by Hans Boersma (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2004) + 288 pp.
Reviewed by Gladstone H. Stevens, S.S.
St. Mary's Seminary and University
5400 Roland Ave.
Baltimore, MD 21210
USA The Creativity of God: World, Eucharist, Reason by Oliver Davies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xi + 210 pp.
Reviewed by Matthew Levering
Ave Maria University
1025 Commons Circle
Naples, Florida 34119
USA Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity by Larry W. Hurtado (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003) xxii + 745 pp.
Reviewed by Stephen Fowl
Department of Theology
Loyola College in Maryland
4501 N. Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21210
USA Culture and the Thomist Tradition after Vatican II by Tracey Rowland (London and New York: Routledge, 2003) xiv + 226 pp.
Reviewed by Joseph Wawrykow
Department of Theology
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, Indiana
46556
USA Spinoza's Revelation: Religion, Democracy, and Reason by Nancy K. Levene (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xxii + 256pp.
Reviewed by Martin Kavka
Department of Religion
Florida State University
Tallahassee, FL 32306‐1520
USA Religion and the Domestication of Dissent: Or How to Live in a Less than Perfect Nation by Russell T. McCutcheon (London: Equinox, 2005) xi + 123 pp.
Reviewed by Stefan Skrimshire
75 Rockdove Avenue
Hulme
Manchester
M15 5EH
UK Furthering Humanity: A Theology of Culture by Timothy Gorringe (Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2004) vi + 283 pp.
Reviewed by J. Matthew Ashley
Department of Theology
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN 46556
USA Flannery O’Connor and the Christ‐Haunted South by Ralph C. Wood (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004) xii + 272 pp.
Reviewed by Frederick C. Bauerschmidt
Department of Theology
Loyola College
4501 N. Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21210
USA     

Making the Quantum of Relevance

Summary  The two Heisenberg Uncertainties (UR) entail an incompatibility between the two pairs of conjugated variables E, t and p, q. But incompatibility comes in two kinds, exclusive of one another. There is incompatibility defineable as: (p → − q) & (q→ − p) or defineable as [(p →− q) & (q →− p)] ↔ r. The former kind is unconditional, the latter conditional. The former, in accordance, is fact independent, and thus a matter of logic, the latter fact dependent, and thus a matter of fact. The two types are therefore diametrically opposed.In spite of this, however, the existing derivations of the Uncertainties are shown here to entail both types of incompatibility simultaneously. Δ E Δ t ≥ h is known to derive from the quantum relation E = hν plus the Fourier relation Δ ν Δ t ≥ 1. And the Fourier relation assigns a logical incompatibility between Δ ν = 0, Δ t = 0. (Defining a repetitive phenomenon at an instant t → 0 is a self contradictory notion.) An incompatibility, therefore, which is fact independent and unconditional. How can one reconcile this with the fact that Δ EΔ t exists if and only if h > 0, which latter supposition is a factual truth, entailing that a Δ E = 0, Δ t = 0 incompatibility should itself be fact dependent? Are we to say that E and t are unconditionally incompatible (via Δ ν Δ t ≥ 1) on condition that E = hν is at all true? Hence, as presently standing, the UR express a self-contradicting type of incompatibility.To circumvent this undesirable result, I reinterpret E = hν as relating the energy with a period. Though only one such period. And not with frequency literally. (It is false that E = ν . It is true that E = ν times the quantum.) In this way, the literal concept of frequency does not enter as before, rendering Δ ν Δ t ≥ 1 inapplicable. So the above noted contradiction disappears. Nevertheless, the Uncertainties are derived. If energy is only to be defined over a period, momentum only over a distance (formerly a wavelength) resulting during such period, thus yielding quantized action of dimensions Et = pq, then energies will become indefinite at instants, momenta indefinite at points, leading, as demanded, to (symmetric!) Δ E Δ t = Δ p Δ q ≥ h’s.     

Conditional probability judgments: Effects of imagining vs experiencing the conditioning event

Applications of Bayesian conditionalization often involve two temporal aspects: a probability judgment is based on knowledge at a point in time and is revised over time in light of added information. Let t, t′, and t″ designate three chronological points in time. E designates a target event which occurs or not at t″, and C designates a conditioning event which occurs or not at t′. Suppose that an individual judges P(EC) at t. If C occurs, Bayesian conditionalization requires that a judgment of P(E) at t′ is equal to the earlier judgment of P(EC). However, inconsistencies may result because a judgment of P(EC) at t is based on imagining C, while a judgment of P(E) at t′ is based on experiencing C. This study examines two sources of such inconsistencies. First, C normally is an abstraction of what might happen between t and t′. What actually happens may differ, such that an individual observes extraconditional information which affects a judgment of P(E) at t′. Second, experiencing C may change an individual's affective state, leading to greater optimism or pessimism about the occurrence of E. We report an experiment which documents both effects.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Celtic Church in Britain. By Leslie Hardinge . Cardinal Contarini at Regensburg By Peter Matheson . Newman and the Common Tradition By John Coulson . Baron Friedrich Von Hügel and the Modernist Crisis in England By Lawrence F. Barmann . The Bible and the Ancient Near East By Roland DE Vaux . Understanding the Old Testament. Edited by O. Jessie Lace . The Making of the Old Testament. Edited by Enid B. Mellor . Exodus . By Ronald E. Clements . Isaiah 1–12: a Commentary By Otto Kaiser . The Rediscovery of Apocalyptic By Klaus Koch . Translated by Margaret Kohl . The Future of the World. By Matthias Rissi . Herod Antipas. By Harold W. Hoehner . Revelation and Theology: An analysis of the Barth-Harnack correspondence of 1923. By H. Martin Rumscheidt . Protestant Theology in Nineteenth Century. Its Background and History. By Karl Barth . Theologie vor Gericht. Der Fall Wilhelm Koch—Ein Bericht. By Max Seckler . L'Esprit Saint et L'Église. By E. Trocmé and others. Ecclesia a Spiritu Santo Edocta. Mélanges théologiques: Hommage à Mgr Gérard Philips. By J. Coppens and others. Forbid Them Not: The Importance and History of General Baptism. By R. R. Osborn . Meaning and Method: Prolegomena to a Scientific Philosophy of Religion and a Scientific Theology. By Anders Nygren . The Ontological Argument. By Jonathan Barnes . The Argument from Design. By Thomas Mc Pherson . Religious Experience. By T. R. Miles . The Concept of Worship. By Ninian Smart . Logical Analysis and Contemporary Theism. By John Donnelly . Knowing the Unknown God. By William Joseph Hill . The Culture of Unbelief. Edited by Rocco Caporale and Antonio Grumelli . Work, Society and Culture. Edited by Vukan Kuic . The Social Reality of Ethics: The Comparative Analysis of Moral Codes. By John H. Barnsley . Agent, Action and Reason. Edited by Robert Brinkley , Richard Bronaugh and Ausonio Marras Praxis and Action. By Richard Bernstein . The Problematic Self in Kierkegaard and Freud. By J. Preston Cole . Histoire et Absolu: essai sur Kierkegaard. By Jacques Colette . Freud: Living and Dying. By Max Schur .     

REVIEWS

Authority in Morals: An Essay in Christian Ethics. By Gerard J. Hughes On Human Nature. By Edward O. Wilson Democracy and Ethical Life. By Claes G. Ryn The Foundations of Modern Political Thought. By Quentin Skinner. 2 vols. Phenomenology and the Social World: the Philosophy of Merleau-Ponty and its Relation to the Social Conscience. By Laurie Spurting Philosophical Foundations of the Three Sociologies. By Ted Benton Christianity and the World Order. By Edward Norman. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1979, £3.50. The Stoics. Edited by John M. Rist Descartes. By Margaret D. Wilson Physicalism. By K.V. Wilkes Kierkegaard as Educator. By R.J. Manheimer Two Ages: The Age of Revolution and the Present Age. By Søren Kierkegaard, translated and edited by Howard and Edna Hong Parables of Kierkegaard. Edited by Thomas C. Oden Thomas Carlyle: ‘Cahinist without the Theology’. By Eloise M. Behnken The Praise of 'Sons of Bitches’. By James V. Schall The Inner Eye of Love. By William Johnston The River Within. By Christopher Bryant The Religious Imagination and the Sense of God. By John Bowker Old Testament Theology: A Fresh Approach. By Ronald E. Clements What is a Gospel? By Charles H. Talbert Urchristliche Prophetic. By Gerhard Dautzenberg Amphttochii Icontensis Opera. Edited by Cornells Datema Man and Nature in the Renaissance. By Allen G. Debus The Church in Late Victorian Scotland 1874–1900. By Andrew L. Drummond and James Bullock. Ppix, 342, Edinburgh, The St Andrew Press, 1978, £10.50. From Office to Profession: The New England Ministry 1750–1860. By Donald M. Scott Bemard-Lazare: Anti-Semitism and the Problem of Jewish Identity in Late Nineteenth Century France. By Nelly Wilson     

On the maximum number of folds of a piece of paper

We argue that a piece of paper, of thickness T and width W, can be folded a maximum number N?=?0.962 ln(f W/T) times, where f is a factor of order unity, determined by mechanical constraints. N typically takes a value of around six.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: David C. Mitchell, The Message of the Psalter: An Eschatological Programme in the Book of Psalms Anthony R. Ceresko, Introduction to Old Testament Wisdom: A Spirituality for Liberation Roland E. Murphy, Proverbs (Word Biblical Commentary 22) Richard J. Coggins, Sirach (Guides to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha) Alastair Hamilton, The Apocryphal Apocalypse: The Reception of the Second Book of Esdras (4 Ezra) from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment Gabriele Boccaccini, Beyond the Essene Hypothesis: The Parting of the Ways between Qumran and Enochic Judaism Gerd Theissen, A Theory of Primitive Christian Religion Maurice Wiles, Reason to Believe Norman Kretzmann, The Metaphysics of Creation: Aquinas’ Natural Theology in ‘Summa Contra Gentiles’ II. John Bowlin, Contingency and Fortune in Aquinas’s Ethics Philip Lyndon Reynolds, Food and the Body: Some Peculiar Questions in High Medieval Theology John Booty, Reflections on the Theology of Richard Hooker: An Elizabethan Addresses Modern Anglicanism Stanley J. Grenz and John R. Franke, Beyond Foundationalism: Shaping Theology in a Postmodern Context F. LeRon Shults, The Postfoundationalist Task of Theology: Wolfhart Pannenberg and the New Theological Rationality. Charles Miller, The Gift of the World: An Introduction to the Theology of Dumitru St?niloae Emil Bartos, Deification in Eastern Orthodox Theology: An Evaluation and Critique of the Theology of Dumitru St?niloae Paul McPartlan, Sacrament of Salvation: An Introduction to Eucharistic Ecclesiology Sarah Curtis, Educating the Faithful Jolyon Mitchell, Visually Speaking: Radio and the Renaissance of Preaching T. G. Plante.(ed.), Bless Me Father for I Have Sinned: Perspectives on Sexual Abuse Committed by Roman Catholic Priests John Skorupski, Ethical Explorations Anne Thomson, Critical Reasoning in Ethics: A Practical Introduction Richard C. Bayer, Capitalism and Christianity: The Possibility of Christian Personalism John Douglas Bishop.(ed.), Ethics and Capitalism David E. Jenkins, Market Whys and Human Wherefores: Thinking Again about Markets, Politics and People Ilham Dilman, Free Will: An Historical and Philosophical Introduction Mark Joyal, The Platonic ‘Theages’: An Introduction, Commentary and Critical Edition     

A simplification of a result by zellini on the maximal rank of symmetric three-way arrays

Zellini (1979, Theorem 3.1) has shown how to decompose an arbitrary symmetric matrix of ordern ×n as a linear combination of 1/2n(n+1) fixed rank one matrices, thus constructing an explicit tensor basis for the set of symmetricn ×n matrices. Zellini's decomposition is based on properties of persymmetric matrices. In the present paper, a simplified tensor basis is given, by showing that a symmetric matrix can also be decomposed in terms of 1/2n(n+1) fixed binary matrices of rank one. The decomposition implies that ann ×n ×p array consisting ofp symmetricn ×n slabs has maximal rank 1/2n(n+1). Likewise, an unconstrained INDSCAL (symmetric CANDECOMP/PARAFAC) decomposition of such an array will yield a perfect fit in 1/2n(n+1) dimensions. When the fitting only pertains to the off-diagonal elements of the symmetric matrices, as is the case in a version of PARAFAC where communalities are involved, the maximal number of dimensions can be further reduced to 1/2n(n–1). However, when the saliences in INDSCAL are constrained to be nonnegative, the tensor basis result does not apply. In fact, it is shown that in this case the number of dimensions needed can be as large asp, the number of matrices analyzed.     

Some properties of the communality in multiple factor theory

Several theorems concerning properties of the communaltiy of a test in the Thurstone multiple factor theory are established. The following theorems are applicable to a battery ofn tests which are describable in terms ofr common factors, with orthogonal reference vectors.1. The communality of a testj is equal to the square of the multiple correlation of testj with ther reference vectors.2. The communality of a testj is equal to the square of the multiple correlation of testj with ther reference vectors and then—1 remaining tests. Corollary: The square of the multiple correlation of a testj with then—1 remaining tests is equal to or less than the communality of testj. It cannot exceed the communality.3. The square of the multiple correlation of a testj with then—1 remaining tests equals the communality of testj if the group of tests containsr statistically independent ests teach with a communality of unity.4. With correlation coefficients corrected for attenuation, when the number of tests increases indefinitely while the rank of the correlational matrix remains unchanged, the communality of a testj equals the square of the multiple correlation of testj with then—1 remaining tests.5. With raw correlation coefficients, it is shown in a special case that the square of the multiple correlation of a testj with then—1 remaining tests approaches the communality of testj as a limit when the number of tests increases indefinitely while the rank of correlational matrix remains the same. This has not yet been proved for the general case.The author wishes to express his appreciation of the encouragement and assistance given him by Dr. L. L. Thurstone.     

REVIEWS

The Melchizedek Tradition. By Fred L. Horton Jr Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit. By F.F. Bruce Community of the New Age. By Howard C. Kee New Testament Interpretation. Edited by I. Howard Marshall A Jewish Understanding of the New Testament. By Samuel Sandmel Perfection in the Virtuous Life, By Ronald E. Heine Consolation Philosophy: Greek and Christian Paideia in Basil and the Two Gregories. By Robert C. Gregg The Devil: Perceptions of Evil from Antiquity to Primitive Christianity. By J.B. Russell The Sexual Language: An Essay in Moral Theology. By Andre Guindon The Church and the Homosexual By John J. McNeill Explorations in Theology. Vol. 1. By D.E. Nineham Faith and Reality. By Wolfhart Pannenberg Meditation on Freedom and the Spirit. By Karl Rahner Voices in the Wilderness. By John Bowden The Centre of Christianity. By John Hick The Becoming Church. By John Adair The Once and Future Liturgy. By J.D. Crichton The Liturgy Today and Tomorrow. By Joseph Gelineau The Original Vision: A Study of the Religious Experience of Childhood. By Edward Robinson A Sense of Presence. By Timothy Beardsworth This Time-Bound Ladder; Ten Dialogues on Religious Experience. Edited by Edward Robinson Education, Nihilism and Society. By David Holbrook Auschwitz: Beginning of a New Era? Reflections on the Holocaust. Edited by Eva Fleischner Hero, Artist, Sage or Saint. By Richard W. Coan Molyneux's Question: Vision, Touch and the Philosophy of Perception. By M.J. Morgan Ockham, Descartes, and Hume: Self-Knowledge, Substance, and Causality. By Julius R. Weinberg, edited by William J. Courtenay, William H. Hay, and Keith E. Yandell Ecclesiastical Administration in Medieval England. By Robert E. Rodes, Jr Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from Bogomil to Hus. By M.D. Lambert Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294–1324. By Emmanuel Leroy Ladurie The Correspondence of Erasmus, Volume IV. Translated by R.A.B. Mynors and D.F.S. Thomson, annotated by James McConica The Triumph of the Saints: The Separate Churches of London 1616–1649. By Murray Tolmie The Dissenters: I. From the Reformation to the French Revolution. By Michael R. Watts Redeem the Time: The Puritan Sabbath in Early America. By Winton U. Solberg The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman. Volume XXXI. Edited by Charles Stephen Dessain and Thomas Gomall Orthodoxy and Nationality. Andreiu Saguna and the Rumanians of Transylvania, 1846–1873. By Keith Hitchens     

Reviews

Books reviewed: L. E. Keck et al. (eds), Numbers, Deuteronomy, Introduction to Narrative Literature, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1&2 Samuel S. E. Gillingham, One Bible, Many Voices: Different Approaches to Biblical Studies Michael D. Goulder, The Psalms of the Return (Book 5, Psalms 107–150): Studies in the Psalter IV James D. G. Dunn, T. & T. Clark, The Theology of Paul the Apostle D. Mendels, Identity, Religion and Historiography: Studies in Hellenistic History William Horbury, Jewish Messianism and the Cult of Christ James S. McLaren, Turbulent Times? Josephus and Scholarship on Judaea in the First Century CE J. Neusner and B. Chilton, Jewish-Christian Debates: God, Kingdom, Messiah Ben Pink Dandelion, Douglas Gwyn and Timothy Peat, Heaven on Earth: Quakers and the Second Coming Adnan Aslam, Religious Pluralism in Christian and Islamic Philosophy: The Thought of John Hick and Seyyed Hossein Nasr W. Cantwell Smith, Believing: An Historical Perspective W. Cantwell Smith, Faith and Belief: The Difference Between Them Norman Doe, Canon Law in the Anglican Communion: A Worldwide Perspective G. R. Evans, Discipline and Justice in the Church of England Alan Falconer (ed.), Faith and Order in Moshi: The 1996 Commission Meeting Lewis S. Mudge, The Church as Moral Community: Ecclesiology and Ethics in Ecumenical Debate T. F. Best and D. Hellar (eds), Eucharistic Worship in Ecumenical Contexts: The Lima Liturgy – And Beyond Timothy Bradshaw ed, Grace and Truth in the Secular Age José Comblin, Called for Freedom: The Changing Context of Liberation Theology Karen Kilby, Karl Rahner Rosemary Radford Ruether, Women and Redemption: A Theological History Ian Markham, Truth and the Reality of God: An Essay in Natural Theology Johannes A. van der Ven, Formation of the Moral Self Robin Gill (ed.), Euthanasia and the Churches Richard Swinburne, Providence and the Problem of Evil John Polkinghorne, Science and Theology: An Introduction John P. Burgess (ed.), In Whose Image? Faith, Science and the New Genetics Stephen Platten (ed.), Seeing Ourselves: Interpreting Contemporary Society Jacques Derrida and Gianni Vattimo (eds), Religion Ursula King (ed.), Faith and Praxis in a Postmodern Age