王弼"大衍义"略论

王弼易学的特点是以<老>解<易>,以他在<老子注>中所阐发的玄学本体论思想为基础来解释<周易>,这主要体现在他的<周易略例>当中.而他对"大衍之数"的解释,也使"大衍义"在其思想体系中占有重要地位.联系<周易略例>我们就能看出,"大衍义"是连接王弼玄学中老学和易学的桥梁,它体现了王弼玄学的体用观念,为王弼思想由老学向易学的过渡打下了基础.     

《墨子》古本"目录"及佚篇考说

<隋书·经籍志>首次明确著录<墨子>书中有目录一卷,其后各种史志目录中均不见记载.<墨子>古本"目录"面貌如何,一直是墨学界聚讼不已、悬而未决的问题.笔者认为,<墨子>目录出现较晚,大约亡佚于隋末唐初之际.西汉末年刘向校定<墨子>成书后,所撰写叙录并未单独成篇.近人蒋维乔等学者的学术观点,<汉书·艺文志>所载"<墨子>七十一篇"包括目录一篇,是不成立的.本文从几个方面进行了论证分析.     

《周易》"节"卦思想阐微--以《周易程氏传》为例

<周易程氏传>是北宋著名的理学大师程颐在对传统易学扬弃的基础上,创造性地用义理对<周易>进解说,其中蕴含着丰富的思想.如对于"节"卦,他认为体现出了"尚中"的哲学思想、"节以制度"的政治思想、"养正于蒙"的教育思想,等等.这些思想至今仍闪着智慧的光芒,给我们带来很大启发.     

《易传》人性论探微

对<系辞>等传中论及人性及其与天道之关系的文字,古今学者的理解各有心得.作者认为,行<系辞>论性语义为一阴一阳的运行变化称之为道,人从天道变化中得到了善,人性使天道赋予人的这种善得到了完成和显现.并且认为,<易传>、<中庸>、<孟子>实际都是认为"性自命出,命从天降"的,都是在人性与天道有一致性的意义上肯定人性善的,故否定<易传>有性善论,以为<易>、<庸>、<孟>的人性说致思路数不同的观点,都是不合实际的.作者又认为,将天道赋予人道正义的意义又返而以支撑人道原则,自<易传>已然,宋儒的天道性命学说与此是一脉相承的,故否定理学与先秦儒学的联系也是不合事实的.作者还认为,中国古代思想家宣扬性善论的主题是弘扬理性,强化人们对人道的自觉与自信,其中凝聚的积极善良的正气,乃是我们民族文化的元神.     

驳"王弼以老解《易》论"

本文反对王弼以老庄思想解释<周易>这一传统观点,因为他除了用老庄道家思想解释<周易>之外,王弼也运用儒家思想来解释<周易>,而且运用儒家思想解释的内容大于运用道家思想解释的内容.本文分析了王弼为何同时运用儒家和道家思想解易的原因,并提出<周易注>的绝大多数内容是以<易传>的思想和汉代的注易方法来解释<周易>.     

帛书《缪和》、《昭力》"子曰"辨

本文认为帛书<缪和>、<昭力>之"子曰"即是"孔子曰",并非指"讲师之言".而谬和、昭力等七人,皆当为孔子晚年弟子,而非汉初人物.由此还认为,<缪和>、<昭力>乃是儒家研<易>著作,而战国至汉初流传的诸种<易传>皆当以孔子为宗主,且多与孔子晚年弟子及其后学相关.     

再论"五行"与"聖智"

思孟五行与乐有密切的关系.<史记·乐书>不仅保留了思孟五行,而且以汉代五行图式,凸显"聖"德的地位."聖"居中,含容"仁义礼智",君位,宫音,土德,具有包容、为主、统合、生生的意蕴.<荀子>、<中庸>,特别是<孟子>与<孟子字义疏证>中有不少关于"聪明聖智"与"天德之知"的材料.戴震的发挥,深得思孟五行的个中三昧.与"聪明"相联的"聖智"是一种"神明"、"天德",是对"天道"的体悟或神契,是体验、接近超越层的"天德之知".切不可从知识论的视域,特别是主客对待的认识论的角度去理解思孟五行.思孟五行是具有终极信仰的、以天道观为背景的"天人聖智五行观",蕴含着深刻的道德形上学的思想,其枢纽是"聖智".     

《性自命出》与传世先秦文献"情"字解诂

本文通过对<性自命出>及传世先秦文献中"情"字的综合考察,指出传统看法中,先秦儒家言"情",皆为"实"之义,而与情感无关的认识似乎不能成立;<性自命出>与大、小戴<礼记>论情的观点比较接近,这从一个侧面表明,二戴成书的年代,可能与<性自命出>大致相当.     

早期阴阳家与"卦气"说考索

本文通过对帛书<要>、<管子·五行>、<史记·太史公自序>、<汉书·魏相传>及<汉书·艺文志>等文献资料的考索,初步梳理了早期阴阳家的源流和一些特点,发掘了其在象数易学史上的贡献.认为,早期阴阳家出于古代史官.在史官那里,已达到了象数易学阶段,他们已有了以卦与岁时相配的"卦气"说.早期阴阳家承其做法,以六卦与"五时"相配,纳入五行,而有富有特色的"古五子"的"卦气"说.文章指出,史官是<易>之"古义"的主要掌握者,后来早期阴阳家、道家、儒家等所传习的"卦气"说等象数"古义",当皆本之于他们.     

论《太玄》对《周易》的模仿与改造

<太玄>是模仿<周易>而作,无论是在形式上还是内容上,<太玄>的模仿痕迹都很明显.从性质上看,<太玄>像孟、京易学一样,是一种天人之学.<太玄>的独创性在于体例上采用"三、九"系统;赞辞以生动形象的比喻直接说明事理;<太玄数>所说的筮法仅是扬雄的一个小把戏,没什么实际用途,而他又把五刑、律吕、月令等方面的内容引入<太玄>,以使其也具有"以卜筮者尚其占"的功用.     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.