Professional and Lay Religious Leaders' Beliefs and Knowledge About Older People:

This study was designed to survey professional and lay religious leaders' knowledge and beliefs about the elderly and to determine the effect of a planned learning experience (PLE)on professional and lay leaders' beliefs and knowledge about the elderly. There were 64 subjects in the study: 26 professionals and 38 lay leaders. The professionals' knowledge about the elderly increased significantly after the PLE. Lay leaders' knowledge did not increase. Lay leaders' positive beliefs increased significantly after the PLE. Neither professional nor lay leaders' negative beliefs were significantly different after the PLE.     

Creating Illusions of Past Encounter Through Brief Exposure

ABSTRACT— Titchener (1928) suggested that briefly glancing at a scene could make it appear strangely familiar when it was fully processed moments later. The closest laboratory demonstration used words as stimuli, and showed that briefly glancing at a to-be-judged word increased the subject's belief that it had been presented in an earlier study list ( Jacoby & Whitehouse, 1989 ). We evaluated whether a hasty glance could elicit a false belief in a prior encounter, from a time and place outside of the experiment. This goal precluded using word stimuli, so we had subjects evaluate unfamiliar symbols. Each symbol was preceded by a brief exposure to an identical symbol, a different symbol, or no symbol. A brief glance at an identical symbol increased attributions to preexperimental experience, relative to a glance at a different symbol or no symbol, providing a possible mechanism for common illusions of false recognition.     

相遇与疏远——评海德格尔-雅斯贝尔斯书信往来

由维多里奥.克劳斯特曼出版社和R.皮珀尔出版社出版的《海德格尔-雅斯贝尔斯书信往来》[1](P299)属于一份重要文献,它洞察了这个世纪两位思想家的哲学关系史,并且通过这一历史透视了这个时代的某些问题。最初我曾按照汉斯.萨尼尔(系雅斯贝尔斯-书信编者)的意见在前面标上了《相     

领导素质评价失误的原因及对策

本文通过对领导素质评价失误的分析．提出导致领导素质评价失误的主要原因是缺乏规范的评价标准体系、理论研究不够深入、评价主体的认识偏差等因素。并试图探讨领导素质评价的有效途径。     

Leaders' behavior and group members' interpersonal gains

Early and late in 18 2-day solo-led psychodynamic groups for mental health professionals, 185 participants rated their own behavior and each other's on composite measures of Acceptance versus Rejection of Self (ARS) and of Others (ARO). Only on ARO were leaders consistently rated more favorably than members. Considered by group units, members' mean ratings of peers made modest but significant early-to-late advances on both measures. About two-thirds of all intergroup differences in members' net shifts were separately predictable from ratings of leaders by self and also by pooled group members each time. Groups' ARO shifts were best predicted by members' ratings of leaders toward Warm versus Cold. Leader self-ratings toward Accepts others versus Rejects others best predicted groups' ARS shifts. Featuring interpersonal behavior's two principal dimensions and bridging the common split between studies of group outcome versus group processes, these findings generally support Roger's (1959) theory of personality change.     

Poetics in the Clinical Encounter

Amidst a mounting impasse, a patient’s startling slip of the tongue opens this analyst to a crucial awareness of her affective experience so that she can begin to reenter her patient’s. The analyst’s openness to her own vulnerability serves to free both participants from collapse into a doer–done-to complementarity. The enactive communication expands the depth of their connection and dis-connection in the moment. Just as a poem says metaphorically what cannot be said in ordinary prose, the slip jolts both participants into more imaginative intersubjective ground that transcends a sense of time and potentiates clinical momentum.     

Personal Encounter in Higher Education

The undergraduate course in the psychology of personal and social development at the University of California at Davis recently underwent some methodological changes. The changes were the addition of weekly encounter groups to traditional lecture during the fall and winter quarter and the substitution of the encounter groups for lectures during the spring quarter. Students found that the addition of the encounter groups to the lecture increased their involvement in the course and made it a much more meaningful and relevant experience when compared with other college courses already taken. Students in the class where the encounter groups took the place of the lecture not only found their experience more meaningful and relevant when compared with the traditional lecture class but also scored as well as the lecture class on an identical final exam.     

Gender and Sexuality in the Pastoral Encounter

Abstract

At the ‘Embodied Ministry: Gender, Sexuality and Formation’ conference at which the articles in this special issue were delivered, three people in active ministry in different denominations — United Reformed Church, Metropolitan Community Church and Roman Catholic — were invited to take part in a panel discussion on gender and sexuality in the pastoral encounter. Their remarks were originally delivered in this conversational context. Martin Pendergast chaired this panel discussion.     

A Study on School Leaders' Ethical Orientations in Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to explore the ethical orientations of Taiwan's school leaders by means of a questionnaire survey of 573 school leaders. A multidimensional ethical framework, including utilitarianism, justice, care, critique, and virtue, was used. The results demonstrate that the most frequent ethical orientation of Taiwan's school leaders is justice. Second, the ethical orientation of Taiwan's school leaders is influenced by Confucian ethics to some degree, especially in terms of virtue ethics. However, the ethical orientation of school leaders significantly varies depending on gender, age, position, years of teaching experience, and educational administration ethics training.     

领导者上行影响力策略与工作绩效的关系研究

本文首先基于Schriesheim等人提出的上行影响力策略结构模型,修订和编制了领导者上行影响力策略量表,经探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明,上行影响力策略结构的一阶六因素模型是合理的;修订后的Schriesheim量表具有较好的信度和效度.然后采用修订后的量表对重庆市220名处级干部进行调查,并考察领导者上行影响力策略与工作绩效的关系.结果表明,上行影响力策略的利益交易和越级诉讼两因素对总体工作绩效及其任务绩效因素有显著的负向影响;上行影响力策略中的联盟因素对总体工作绩效及其任务绩效因素有显著的正向影响.     

弘一法师与居士佛教

弘一法师震人心魄的人格魅力,给近代诸多文人、学士留下深刻的印象与影响。他重振南山律宗,更注重培育居士佛教,特别是在知识阶层推广居士佛教方面的贡献,为佛教史增添了光辉的一页。     

Lay Explanations for Poverty in Turkey and Their Determinants

Abstract

The external and internal causal attributions for poverty in Turkey were examined in an exploratory survey. Factor analysis results confirmed Feagin's 3 conceptual categories (1975) of explanations for poverty, structural, fatalistic, and individualistic. Income, gender, age, and education were important determinants of explanations for poverty. All income groups favored structural (external) explanations. Poor persons preferred more tangible structural explanations, and nonpoor persons gave more abstract structural explanations. Poor persons also favored fatalistic (external) explanations more than higher income groups did. Women and older people offered individualistic and fatalistic explanations more than others. Men and people with higher levels of education preferred abstract structural explanations more than others.     

Lay Perceptions of Psychotherapists in South Africa

The study investigated South African layperson perceptions of psychotherapists. Participants were 10 males and 25 females (Whites = 23, Blacks = 10, Coloreds = 2; age range 20 to 59). Semi structured interviews were used to study expectations, attitudes and stereotypical beliefs and behavior towards psychotherapists. Laypersons perceived psychotherapists negatively, and would personally not want any assistance from psychotherapists.