Suicidology: A Look Backward and Ahead

Using the metaphor of “a long run’ to describe our progress in suicidology, the author looks back to discuss important concepts that have become well established, such as clues to suicide, ambivalence, crisis services, suicide consultations, and psychological autopsies. An example is the psychological autopsy of Marilyn Monroe. Follow-up studies of crisis center clients have indicated that chronically suicidal clients are at the greatest risk of suicide. Recommendations for the long-term treatment of such patients are provided. Research on youth suicide is reported. Finally, the author looks ahead toward new developments in training and treatment.     

Toward an Anatomy of Mourning: Discipline,Devotion and Liberation in a Freudian-Buddhist Framework

In this essay I first articulate what I take to be an influential and for the most part persuasive model in the western psychoanalytic tradition that is a response to tragic loss, namely, the one that we find in Freud’s little essay entitled ‘Mourning and Melancholia’ (1917). I then use a well-known Buddhist folk tale about the plight of a young woman named Kisagotami to underscore central elements from Buddhist psychology on the subject of suffering that is a consequence of the loss of a young mother’s only child. Fortified by both traditions, I gather together the ingredients for a cross-cultural mental model that serves to explain and to justify as healthy a specific kind of response to a specific form of suffering, namely, the loss of ones’ loved one. I arrive at this model by asking a number of specific questions of both traditions. For instance, what constitutes a non-pathological response to this kind of suffering? What state of mind represents the cessation of such suffering? Is preoccupation with the dead beloved a way of escaping the fact that the person is dead? Is this a form of ignorance that needs to be removed? Is it a form of moral deficiency? Might certain forms and contexts of ignorance, in effect, put one on a path to enlightenment?     

来自经济学的启示:关于心理学科的一些思考

从许多方面看,经济学与心理学都存在着共同之处。自20世纪70年代起,主流经济学在解释现实上的失败引发了经济学界的深刻反思,这些反思带给心理学的启示有：(1)心理学与经济学同属社会科学,而不是中间科学或二重科学;(2)统一的范式并不见得是这类以人为研究对象的社会科学的理想状态;(3)实验方法的发展方向不在于越来越精密地控制试验,而是允许不确定性的存在,并通过对不确定性的研究和发掘促进学科的进步。     

Beyond the Tower of Babel: A Nomenclature for Suicidology

Suicidology finds itself confused and stagnated for lack of a standard nomenclature. This paper proposes a nomenclature for suicide-related behavior in the hope of improving the clarity and precision of communications, advancing suicidological research and knowledge, and improving the efficacy of clinical interventions.     

Some Reflections on the Psychoanalytic Theory of Motivation: Toward a Theory of Entelechy

The psychoanalytic theory of motivation needs to be recast in a vitalistic holistic (holographic) language that liberates it from its constraints to the drives and expresses that it constitutes an indivisible function of being- and continuing to being-alive. In the development of his thesis the author retraces the history of Freud's acquaintance with the idea and points out that Freud required a theory of unconscious motivation or intentionality to account for the creation of unconscious phantasies–and ultimately for psychic determinism. Psychic determinism became the template for the concept of psychic responsibility.

The author attempts to place the concept of motivation into the more all-inclusive and more vitalistic notion of entelechy so as to express its more holographic and numinous nature. A discussion of the relationship between motivation and its associated entities is made. These include volition, will, intentionality, agency, and autochthony. It is pointed out that motivation can be considered to be holographic in so far as one can consider the whole individual to be motivated, but along side this consideration one sees motivation within each portion of the psychic apparatus and also with each internal object. A case history is presented which demonstrates abulia (absence of motivation).     

Attitudes Toward AIDS-Related issues: Some Personal and Sociodemographic Determinants

In a sample of 2,655 young people between the ages of 15 to 30, three AIDS-related evaluative orientations were found: defensive, anti-normative, and support for individual rights of AIDS victims. Cognitive attitudinal components, operationalized according to the structural theory of attitude dynamics, were recognized as hedonic instrumentality and instrumentality for realization of conventional goals. A set of predictors, referring to personal, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics, and characteristics of AIDS-relevant experience, produced R = .432 for defensive, R = .222 for anti-normative, and R = .306 for individual-rights orientations. Cognitive variables were predicted less successfully. Socioeconomic and religious status and community size were the strongest predictors. Canonical analysis of the relation between evaluative and cognitive variables revealed two significant coefficients. Support for individual rights and normative regulation of AIDS-related issues and anti-defensive orientation were most likely in people who perceived AIDS as helping realization of conventional and hindering realization of hedonic goals. Defensive and anti-normative orientations and opposition to the rights of AIDS victims were most likely in people who perceived AIDS as being detrimental to realization of both hedonic and conventional goals.     

关于普遍模式的争论

自麦哲伦的环球航行（1521年）以来,普遍主义诉求与国际问题纠缠在一起,而普遍主义诉求的基础与范式曾有过三次变化。16世纪世界化的帝国西班牙和葡萄牙确立,名义是“耶稣与永恒的拯救”。19世纪英国和法国创设了殖民网络,名义是所谓文明之精髓的“进步与科学”。20世纪中叶渴望获取幸福的新愿望浮现出来,让一巴蒂斯特·萨伊用被消费商品的数目来衡量这种幸福。     

Toward a Social Psychology of Culture and Globalization: Some Social Cognitive Consequences of Activating Two Cultures Simultaneously

Despite the increased attention given to cultural phenomena in social psychology, the field has neglected issues related to globalization's cultural impacts. Meanwhile, opinions in the debates over these issues are divided, polarized, and often motivated by political and ideological commitments. Globalization has brought symbols of diverse cultures together and provided ample opportunities for the simultaneous activation of two or more cultural representations. Using our research on the social cognitive consequences of activating two cultural representations simultaneously as an example, we argue for constructing a social psychology of globalization that offers nuanced understandings of people's psychological responses to globalization. Although simultaneous activation of cultural representations does not determine an individual's cultural identity, it enlarges the felt distinctions between different identity options and magnifies the effects of identity choice. Furthermore, in situations that emphasize appropriating intellectual resources from diverse cultures to foster creativity, simultaneous activation of cultural representations may facilitate creative performance.     

Just in time: Toward a new American philosophy

Continental Philosophy Review -     

James Hillman: Toward a poetic psychology

InThe Dream and the Underworld James Hillman continues to deepen and to refine Jung's recovery of the spontaneous image-making of the soul. Hillman's contribution lies in his imaginai reduction-relating of images to their archetypal background in Greek mythology. Myth is seen as the maker of the psyche, and, in turn, the soul-making ispoesis-a return to the imaginal and poetic basis of consciousness. Dreams, understood poetically, are neither messages to be deciphered and used for the benefit of the rational ego (Freud) nor compensatory to the ego (Jung); they are complete in themselves and must be allowed to speak for themselves. Hillman also sees dreams as initiations into the underworld of death-the other side of life where our imaginal substance is unobstructed by the literal and dualistic standpoints of the dayworld.The author ofImagination is Reality: Western Nirvana in Jung, Hillman, Barfield and Cassirer(Spring Publications, Inc.: University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, 1980)     

走向多元对话的中国哲学--第十二届国际中国哲学会侧记

两年一度的国际中国哲学会——第12届国际中 国哲学会,于2001年7月20—24日,在中国 北京顺利召开。这是北京继1993年主办第八届国际中国哲学会之后,第二次主办这一国际性 的中国哲学会议。出席此次会议的专家、学者约有300余位,他们分别来自祖国大陆、台湾 、香港、澳门地区和美国、英国、德国、瑞典、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本、韩国等13个国家 ,是历届出席会议人数最多的一次。与会学者向大会提交的论文有250篇,有204位学者分别 在全体大会和分场会议上发言。本次会议共有4次全体大会,8次分组会议,共五十多个分会 场;分会场最多的…     

Complex knowing: Toward a psychological hermeneutics

Abstract

The case history arises out of that place of discourse where the history of a patient is transformed into a narrative with a story line. Complex knowing, and its derivative, complex reading, are needed to do justice to this narrative, woven as it is from event, symptom, memory, and dream.