Organizational Culture: Critical Questions for Researchers and Practitioners

Abstract

The idea of career self-management is part of the growing move to encourage individuals to take ownership of their own development. The article explores why this makes sense both for individuals and for organizations, and defines specific initiatives individuals and organizations should take to make the concept work successfully. It is argued that most people are unlikely to take responsibility for themselves unless there is sound organizational support, but that with the right practical initiatives they can become energized by the process. There is, however, a need for organizations to centre much more closely on understanding people as individuals if performance levels at work are to be raised from competence to excellence.     

Researchers, Practitioners, and Funders: Using the Framework to Get Us on the Same Page

The worlds of prevention research and practice are largely disconnected. The growing body of scientific knowledge regarding effects of prevention programs is not often disseminated and translated in a manner that leads to wide scale changes in practice. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with a team of academic researchers, has developed the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation to help us understand the roles and interactions of those associated with developing knowledge, those associated with using the knowledge in practice settings, and those acting in the roles of bridge, support, and broker between the research and practice communities. This special issue on the Framework presents a variety of theoretical, practical and empirical issues related to this framework and its subsystems. This compilation of articles discuss the capacity of the Framework’s subsystems, provide examples of the generally under-developed prevention support system, describe the additional challenges involved in disseminating a change in culture, discuss the delicate balance and interaction of fidelity and adaptation, present a meta-analysis of the relationships between program implementation and program outcomes, and include examples of how the Framework has been used to guide action. The present commentary on this special issue provides a critical examination of the contributions, implications, and challenges raised by each of these articles. It also includes a discussion of how the Framework relates to the basic values and practice of community psychology and concludes with some suggested future directions and challenges for the continued development and use of the Framework.     

How REBT Can Be Less Disturbing and Remarkably More Influential in Britain: A Review of Views of Practitioners and Researchers

We asked British cognitive behaviour therapists and researchers for their views on the current status of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy in Britain. All agreed that REBT had lost influence in comparison with Cognitive Therapy since the cognitive revolution 20 years ago. The main reasons given were that REBT, particularly in comparison with CT, was under-researched, was too rationalist in its approach and too active/directive in its style. One responder thought REBT was remarkably atheoretical. Overall there was a surprising degree of ignorance and misinformation. On the positive side, REBT was felt to be focused on the person rather than the symptom, and oriented more to the client than the professional or academic in its publication output than CT. We consider each issue and make recommendations for change.     

创造与领导力的结合：创造型领导

管理理论的研究已迈进创新/创造管理阶段,其典型代表为创造型领导力的理论研究。文章在探讨了创造与领导力关系的基础上,分析了创造型领导的影响效能,阐述了领导者创造思维的前因、领导者与员工创造思维过程研究。最后从创造型领导的技能与策略的发展、认知神经科学范式的采纳、多维整合等角度,评述未来研究趋势。     

From Publics to Practitioners: Invention Power and Open Technoscience

Abstract

In technoscientific conditions what counts as knowledge creation is not primarily the individual experimental achievement that gives coherence to scientific practice and separates science from its publics; rather, it is a form of dispersed experimentation in more than human worlds: distributed invention power. Distributed invention power is organised and regulated through the pervasive securitisation of technoscience: surveillance and control of technoscientific fields as well as financialisation of its activities and research outputs. The securitisation of science reorders the traditional split between the public sphere, the private sector and the commons. The folding of each one of these spheres into the other underlies a constant, often antagonistic, oscillation between big science and open science. What is constitutive of the diverse movements that sustain open technoscience is not that they challenge technoscience as such but that they experiment with technoscience to create alternative forms of life.     

Using Experiential Learning Theory to Train Career Practitioners

Effective instructional strategies are needed for career practitioner training. Experiential learning theory (ELT; A. Y. Kolb & Kolb, 2009) provides an instructional foundation from which awareness of the various components of career development can be enhanced. Support for ELT as an effective method of instruction exists in various fields (Hoover, Giambatista, Sorenson, & Bommer, 2010; Ti et al., 2009). ELT integrates 6 shared propositions derived from John Dewey, Jean Piaget, William James, Carl Jung, and Carl Rogers (A. Y. Kolb & Kolb, 2009). This article outlines components of ELT and their application in training career service practitioners.     

Counseling: Practices and Practitioners

SRI International, formerly Stanford Research Institute, has been evaluating the impact of employment counseling in the mid 1970s in response to national shifts in organizational emphasis and funding.     

Anecdotes for Practitioners

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish “anecdotes” concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, news of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S.W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.     

Anecdotes for Practitioners

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish “anecdotes” concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, news of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S.W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.     

Anecdotes for Practitioners

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish “anecdotes” concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, new of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S. W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.     

Anecdotes for Practitioners

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish “anecdotes” concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, new of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S. W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.     

Anecdotes for Practitioners

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish “anecdotes” concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, news of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S.W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.     

Ethical Practices and Beliefs of Psychopathology Researchers

Ethical guidelines are vague concerning how situations should be handled when researchers encounter participants in preexisting psychological distress. Ethical issues of beneficence, autonomy, and the nature of informed consent may arise in these situations. This study investigated the ethical practices and beliefs of 84 psychopathology researchers when confronting research participants in distress. Results indicated that psychopathology researchers in general engaged in diverse ethical practices in providing debriefing, treatment referrals, and providing for distressed participants. Characteristics of the designated studies and of the researchers accounted for significant differences in ethical practices. In addition, the type of psychopathology being assessed accounted for significant differences in ethical practices and beliefs. Guidelines are offered to aid researchers who encounter participants in preexisting distress.     

科技人员创造动机与创造力的研究

本研究初步探讨了我国科技人员创造动机与创造力的关系及其基本特征。 1 74名科技人员回答了成就目标、内部动机与外部动机、创造动机和创造力问卷。研究结果表明我国科技人员有较高的创造力和创造动机水平 ,在动机中内部动机水平最高。在动机与创造力的关系上 ,内部动机对创造力的直接与间接影响均达到了显著水平 ,外部动机对创造力的负面影响没有达到显著水平 ,任务目标对创造力无影响 ,自我目标对创造力的积极影响未达到显著水平。     

Leadership and approaches to the management of workplace bullying

Leadership behaviour has been identified as an important antecedent of workplace bullying since managers may prevent, permit, or engage in the mistreatment of others. However, the issue of how managers respond when bullying occurs has received limited attention. With this in mind, the aim of this study was to explore how managers behave when bullying occurs in their work group and to elucidate the contextual issues that underlie this behaviour. This was achieved through analysis of in-depth interviews with individuals involved in cases of bullying. The findings revealed a typology of four types of management behaviour in cases of bullying, each underpinned by contextual factors at the individual, group, and organizational levels. The study shows that the role of leadership in workplace bullying is more complex than previously thought and suggests several ways in which managers and organizations could deal with bullying behaviour.