与我一道存在——谈R.D.莱因的存在心理治疗观

R.D.莱因受存在主义-现象学影响,把人看作独特的存在,反对传统的经验式分类手册进行精神病诊断的模式,主张人性地看待精神分裂症患者,从患者整个前后关系之中来理解其特殊经验;莱因注重治疗关系,反对生硬的技巧性治疗,认为治疗是陪伴患者进行一次特殊的心灵探险旅行.他在精神分裂症的诊断及治疗方面作出了重要贡献,对后来的心理治疗流派产生了较大影响.     

R.D.莱因对传统精神疾病诊疗观的变革

传统的精神疾病诊断以一种经验式的分类手册来诊断精神疾病,而莱因主张从存在主义--现象学的视角来理解精神疾病,认为家庭或社会才是精神疾病的真正来源.在精神疾病的治疗方面,莱因主张通过改变患者的生存环境来促使其进行自我恢复.莱因的思想推动了当代精神病学的变革与发展,具有重要的现实意义.     

R．D．莱因对传统精神疾病诊疗观的变革

传统的精神疾病诊断以一种经验式的分类手册来诊断精神疾病,而莱因主张从存在主义——现象学的视角来理解精神疾病,认为家庭或社会才是精神疾病的真正来源。在精神疾病的治疗方面,莱因主张通过改变患者的生存环境来促使其进行自我恢复。莱因的思想推动了当代精神病学的变革与发展,具有重要的现实意义。     

Class and compassion: socioeconomic factors predict responses to suffering

Previous research indicates that lower-class individuals experience elevated negative emotions as compared with their upper-class counterparts. We examine how the environments of lower-class individuals can also promote greater compassionate responding-that is, concern for the suffering or well-being of others. In the present research, we investigate class-based differences in dispositional compassion and its activation in situations wherein others are suffering. Across studies, relative to their upper-class counterparts, lower-class individuals reported elevated dispositional compassion (Study 1), as well as greater self-reported compassion during a compassion-inducing video (Study 2) and for another person during a social interaction (Study 3). Lower-class individuals also exhibited heart rate deceleration-a physiological response associated with orienting to the social environment and engaging with others-during the compassion-inducing video (Study 2). We discuss a potential mechanism of class-based influences on compassion, whereby lower-class individuals' are more attuned to others' distress, relative to their upper-class counterparts.     

A.R. luria's contribution to the study of the verbal control of behavior

Summary This paper examines Luria's contribution to research on the verbal control of behavior, which spanned from the 1930s to 1962. The speechmotor method utilized in the original Soviet experiments is reviewed, and the central methodological issues discussed. The internalization of speech is suggested as a theoretical problem yet to be adequately explained in cognitive or behaviorist theory.     

Serial order revisited: A reply to R. D. Kent

This paper examines two rule-based or non-associative alternatives to associative theories of serial order in behavior. Both rule-based models seemed superior to chain association, but one, the CV Organization model, was found to require further development to handle corollary issues associated with serial ordering eg. coarticulation phenomena, sequential plasticity and a parsimonious fit to speech rate data. The other rule-based model, Syllabic Recording, was shown to be compatible with these and several previously unexplored corollary issues, including the nature of sequential redundancy, production variability (word reduction) and the nature of errors in the acquisition of phonology by children.     

Individual differences in responses to workplace stress: the contribution of attachment theory

Work stress is a major cause of physical and psychological distress, and both theory and research highlight the importance of individual differences in coping efforts. The present research clarifies the mechanisms linking attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) to maladaptive coping; specifically, we tested an integrative model assessing stress appraisals as a mediator between attachment insecurities and coping strategies, together with mediating and moderating effects of coping resources (perceived self‐efficacy and social support). A community sample of 113 men and 115 women completed an online survey which incorporated a standardized vignette depicting workplace stress. The results supported stress appraisal as a mediator between attachment anxiety and less adaptive coping, and established both mediating and moderating effects of perceived coping resources. The effects support the relevance of attachment theory to the study of workplace stress.