B型尿钠肽前体N末端对全身性感染患者预后评价价值

探讨B型尿钠肽前体N末端（NT—proBNP）在全身性感染患者预后评价方面的价值,及其与APACHEII评分在全身性感染患者的相关性。选取全身性感染患者32例,以28天随访结果,根据其转归分为存活组24例和死亡组8例。分别在确诊后Oh、72h采血行NT—proBNP检测,并采集数据进行APACHEII评分。结果显示死亡组NT—proBNP（Oh）[（5463．7±4152．3）ng／L]明显高于存活组[（839．4±1132．0）ng／L]（P=0．016）,72h后死亡组NT—proBNP[（5676．1±3937．4）ng／L]依然高于存活组[（843．5±866．3）ng／L]（P=0．017）。NT—proBNP（Oh）、NT—proBNP（72h）（P〈0．05）是病死率的独立影响因素。经过对数转换的NT—proBNP（Oh）与APACHEⅡ评分明显相关（r=0．73,P〈0．001）。由此可见,NT—proBNP与病死率及APACHEⅡ评分呈显著正相关关系,可以作为一种常规临床检测指标来判断全身性感染患者的预后。     

感染性休克患者血氨基酸浓度变化的研究

本研究观察感染性休克患者血氨基酸浓度的变化及与急性生理学和慢性健康状况评估Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、多器官功能障碍(MODS)评分、血乳酸(Lac)浓度的相关性。纳入38例感染性休克患者,测定入重症加强护理病房(ICU)后氨基酸浓度并记录APACHEⅡ评分、MODS评分、血Lac及预后,比较死亡组和存活组的氨基酸浓度。入住ICU后部分氨基酸浓度出现下降或升高,但均在正常范围内。死亡组的亮氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸(Trp)、甲硫氨酸(Met)、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸(Pro)浓度低于存活组;死亡组的苯丙氨酸(Phe)、同型半胱氨酸浓度高于存活组。Met浓度变化与APACHEⅡ、MODS评分呈正相关;Trp浓度变化与MODS评分呈正相关;Phe浓度变化与血Lac呈正相关,Pro浓度变化与血Lac浓度呈负相关。入ICU后,感染性休克患者的血氨基酸浓度出现了不同程度的波动。Met、Trp、Phe、Pro浓度与APACHEⅡ评分、MODS评分、血Lac具有相关性。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征危险因素的分析

为了探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的危险因素,回顾性分析了我院76例SAP患者入1CU时的年龄、血糖、APACHEⅡ评分等17项指标,根据是否合并ARDS对各项指标进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析.单因素分析显示两组在年龄、呼吸频率、血糖、感染、APAcHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分、CT评分、ICU住院日方面差异有显著性(P<0. 05),多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、血糖、感染、APACHEⅡ、Ranson、CT评分与SAP并发ARDS有关.故得出结论,年龄、血糖,感染、APACHEⅡ、Ranson与CT评分是SAP并发ARDS的独立危险因素.     

人附睾蛋白4对急性心力衰竭患者预后的预测价值

探讨人附睾蛋白4(HE4)对急性心力衰竭患者预后的预测价值。入组2015年1月~2016年2月住院的急性心力衰竭患者178例,检测患者血清中HE4的表达水平,并对患者进行随访,记录患者死亡和再住院情况。HE4在心力衰竭组明显高于健康对照组[(7.8±0.6)ng/ml vs.(2.2±0.5)ng/ml,P0.05)],且随心功能分级的恶化,HE4水平明显升高[(5.3±0.4)ng/ml vs.(7.6±0.5)ng/ml vs.(9.7±0.6)ng/ml,P0.05)],多因素Cox生存分析表明:HE4是预测急性心力衰竭患者预后的独立预测指标(χ2=10.26,HR95%CI:2.25(0.67~4.14),P0.001),进一步分析显示:HE47.5ng/ml的患者死亡和再入院的风险是HE4≤7.5ng/ml的患者的7.12倍。HE4能够反映急性心力衰竭的严重程度,并且能够预测急性心力衰竭患者的预后。     

早期目标血糖管理下严重脓毒症患者HMGB1的变化及其临床意义

探讨早期目标血糖管理对严重脓毒症患者HMGB1变化的影响.严重脓毒症患者随机分为血糖控制A（4.4mmol/L~6.1mmol/L）、B（6.2mmol/L~8.3mmol/L）、C（8.4mmol/L~10.0mmol/L）三组.给予早期目标血糖管理,入ICU后0d、1d、3d、5d、7d采血测TNF-α、HMGB1浓度.三组TNF-α、HMGB1浓度及APACHEⅡ评分均呈下降趋势,A组HMGB1浓度及APACHEⅡ评分在第7d较B、C组明显降低（P＜0.05）.A组28d病死率较B、C组降低（P＆gt;0.05）.严重脓毒症患者在早期目标血糖管理下,显著降低HMGB1浓度,降低病死率和改善预后,HMGB1可用来评价脓毒症的严重程度及预后.     

人附睾蛋白4在预测慢性心力衰竭患者的预后中的价值

探讨在慢性心力衰竭患者中人附睾蛋白4(HE4)与病情严重程度的关系以及预后评估中的价值。入组慢性心力衰竭患者228例,检测血清中HE4的表达水平并对患者进行随访,记录患者死亡和因心力衰竭再住院情况。随着慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的恶化(Ⅱ级~Ⅲ级),HE4值也明显升高,差异有统计学意义[(9.3±0.4)ng/ml vs.(12.6±0.5)ng/ml,P0.05]。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果表明:在心功能分级、左室射血分数、C反应蛋白、尿酸、氨基末端脑钠肽前体、高敏肌钙蛋白T和HE4中,HE4的曲线下面积(AUC)最大(AUC=0.75)。多因素Cox分析结果表明:HE4可以独立预测慢性心力衰竭患者的预后[χ~2:11.75,HR(95%CI):2.15(0.64~4.35),P0.001]。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示:HE48.6ng/ml的患者死亡和心力衰竭再入院的风险是HE4≤8.6ng/ml的患者的8.74倍。HE4可以反映慢性心力衰竭患者的病情严重程度,能够独立评价慢性心力衰竭患者的预后。     

ICU患者低磷血症临床观察与思考

回顾性分析41例低磷血症患者血磷水平与同期血气分析、血浆白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)等因素间关系及治疗前后急性生理和慢性健康评分(APACHE)Ⅱ的变化.结果显示脓毒症组血磷降低程度最明显,该组APACHEⅡ评分及纠正低磷血症所需时间显著高于其他基础疾病组.治疗前重度低磷血症组患者血pH、BUN显著高于轻中度低磷血症组,而PaCO2及ALB则明显低于轻中度低磷血症组;治疗前重度低磷血症组与轻中度低磷血症组间APACHE Ⅱ评分有显著差异,而治疗后两组间差异消失.病因治疗辅以适当补磷治疗可有效纠正低磷血症.由此得出结论,脓毒症患者易继发低磷血症.危重症患者重度低磷血症的发生与机体内酸碱环境改变及感染、高分解代谢等因素有关.低磷血症程度与疾病严重程度有关,但尚不足以成为独立的预后指标.     

特发性肺纤维化患者血清肺泡表面活性蛋白-D水平与其病情分期的相关性分析

研究特发性肺纤维化(IPF)患者的血清肺泡表面活性蛋白-D(SP-D)水平与其病情分期的相关性。选取从2015年3月至2016年5月,于笔者所在医院接受治疗的IPF加重期患者25例,另取同期IPF稳定期患者25例以及正常体检者25例。分别对比三组血清SP-D水平,并做相关性分析。同时对加重期组治疗前后有效组与无效组患者血清SP-D水平进行比较。健康对照组血清SP-D水平(93.1±3.6)ng/ml显著低于稳定期组(121.6±6.2)ng/ml,而稳定期组又显著低于加重期组(180.8±9.7)ng/ml,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清SP-D水平与IPF患者病情(FEV1.0/FVC%)呈显著相关性(r=-0.837,P=0.000)。加重期患者经治疗后,有效组患者治疗后血清SP-D水平(137.7±3.2)ng/ml显著低于治疗前(181.5±3.5)ng/ml,同时显著低于无效组(180.5±4.6)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。IPF患者的血清SP-D水平与病情分期及严重程度呈显著相关性,能够用于IPF病情的进展和评估预后的辅助性监测。     

重症急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征危险因素的分析

为了探讨重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDs）的危险因素,回顾性分析了我院76例SAP患者入ICU时的年龄、血糖、APACHEⅡ评分等17项指标,根据是否合并ARDS对各项指标进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。单因素分析显示两组在年龄、呼吸频率、血糖、感染、APACHEⅡ评分、Ranson评分、CT评分、ICU住院日方面差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、血糖、感染、APACHEⅡ、Ranson、CT评分与SAP并发ARDS有关。故得出结论,年龄、血糖、感染、APACHEⅡ、Ranson与CT评分是SAP并发ARDS的独立危险因素。     

ICU患者低磷血症临床观察与思考

回顾性分析41例低磷血症患者血磷水平与同期血气分析、血浆白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)等因素间关系及治疗前后急性生理和慢性健康评分(APACHE)Ⅱ的变化。结果显示脓毒症组血磷降低程度最明显,该组APACHEⅡ评分及纠正低磷血症所需时间显著高于其他基础疾病组。治疗前重度低磷血症组患者血pH、BUN显著高于轻中度低磷血症组,而PaCO2及ALB则明显低于轻中度低磷血症组;治疗前重度低磷血症组与轻中度低磷血症组间APACHEⅡ评分有显著差异,而治疗后两组间差异消失。病因治疗辅以适当补磷治疗可有效纠正低磷血症。由此得出结论,脓毒症患者易继发低磷血症。危重症患者重度低磷血症的发生与机体内酸碱环境改变及感染、高分解代谢等因素有关。低磷血症程度与疾病严重程度有关,但尚不足以成为独立的预后指标。     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.