白血病分型进展

白血病细胞因具有生物学的异质性、分化程度的差异性和细胞形态的多形性等特点,需要明确分型。而它的分型经历了FAB（法国、美国、英国协作组,French-American-British Co-operative group）分型、MIC（morphology,immunology and cytogenetic）分型,最后到MICM（morphology,immunology, cytogenetic and molecular）分型。     

He Lin and German Philosophy in the Zhanguoce School: An Idealist Philosopher on History and Cultural Reform

The Zhanguoce School emerged in 1940 and actively responded to the crisis caused by the Sino-Japanese War. The cultural morphology of Oswald Spengler (1880–1936) inspired most of the leading Zhanguoce scholars to reflect on the culture, history, and status quo of China. They believed that China was suffering from a total war with world superpowers and that it was in a new Warring States epoch; they thus advocated radical cultural reform as a necessary condition for victory and invoked Nietzschean philosophy to champion heroism and power. However, He Lin 賀麟 (1902–92), a philosopher in this school, looked to Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) and Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814) for different theories of cultural reform and history. This article examines He’s integration of the philosophies of Hegel and Fichte into his cultural and historical thought. Based on the Hegelian notion of Spirit, He rethought the nature of culture and the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures; he also interpreted history by comparing the historical theories of Hegel and Wang Fuzhi 王夫之 (1619–92). Furthermore, He investigated individual realization with reference to Fichte and repudiated radical heroism.     

非小细胞肺癌分子分型及检测的临床路径探讨

根据遗传改变的不同,已从非小细胞肺癌中细分出EGFR突变型、KRAS突变型、EML4-ALK融合型等分子亚型,并实施针对性分子靶向治疗.但是,非小细胞肺癌中这些遗传改变受多种因素的影响,对不同背景的病例采取最佳的分子分型检测路径,可提高分型筛选的效率.本文提出了两种依据患者背景的检测策略.     

急性脑梗死早期OCSP分型的临床应用评价

为了研究急性脑梗死早期OCSP(Oxfordshire Community Stroke Projet)分型的应用价值,连续收集首次发病的脑梗死患者326例,按OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死(TACI)、部分前循环梗死(PACI)、腔隙性脑梗死(LACI)、后循环梗死(POCI),入组后各亚型比较急性期神经功能缺损评分和结构影像学特征,3个月的病死率和日常生活活动(ADL)能力评分.显示,TACI大面积脑梗死占74.4%,PACI中等面积脑梗死占64.5%.LACI腔隙灶脑梗死占90%,POCI大面积脑梗死占22.7%,中等面积脑梗死占40.9%,小梗死占36.4%.急性期神经功能缺损以TACI最严重,PACI和POCI次之,LACI最轻,TACI与其他各型之间,PACI和POCI与LACI之间的差异均有极显著性意义(P＜0.0005),PACI和POCI之间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).TACI的病死率为44.2%,PACI为10.2%,POCI为18.2%,LACI为2.6%,TACI病死率与各型比较有极显著性意义(P＜0.01).TACI3个月的ADL为重度依赖,POCI为中度依赖,另2个亚型均为轻度依赖,有极显著性意义(P＜0.005).由此得出结论,OCSP分型与影像学有良好对应关系.不同的OCSP分型可以反映脑梗死急性期神经功能缺损的严重程度,OCSP分型有利于脑梗死急性期个体化治疗选择.     

最近外国哲学新书

R.Rorty 等着《历史中的哲学》(Philosophy in History)1984T.O’Hagan 著《规律的终结》(The End of Law)1984H.Putnam 著《理性、真理和历史》(Reason,Truth and History)1981H.Staten 著《维特根斯坦和戴利达》(Wittgenstein and Derrida)1985R.Bernstein 著《超越客观主义和相对主义:科学、解释学和实践》(Beyond Objectivism and Relativism:     

Benti, practice and state: On the doctrine of mind in the four chapters of Guanzi

“Xin 心 (Mind)” is one of the key concepts in the four chapters of Guanzi. Together with Dao, qi 气 (air, or gas) and de 德 (virtue), the four concepts constitute a complete system of the learning of mind which is composed of the theory of benti 本体 (root and body), the theory of practice and the theory of spiritual state. Guanzi differentiates the two basic layers of mind—the essence and the function. It tries to attain a state of accumulated jing 精 (essence, anima) and nourished qi, in which qi is concentrated in a miraculous way, through a series of methods of mind cultivation and nurturing, including being upright, calm, tranquil and moderate, and to concentrate the mind and intention. The doctrine of mind of the four chapters of Guanzi influenced Daoism and Confucianism and is a key link in the history of Chinese thought. It is a prelude to the merger of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism.     

论《乐论》与《乐记》的根本区别——兼论占星学对于先秦儒家礼乐思想的冲击与整合

The core idea of On Yue (《乐论》) is that Yue makes people harmonious (乐和同), and Li shows people’s differences (礼别异). And the core idea of Yueji (《乐记》)is that the great Yue is a kind of harmony of sky and earth (大乐与天地同和), and the great Li has the same order to the sky and earth (大礼与天地同节). There are some essential differences between these two books. On Yue (《乐论》) systematically discussed and developed the early Confucian thought of Li (礼) and Yue (乐), and concentrated on Xunzi’s view of social reality then. Yu...     

Shendu and Qingdu: Reading the Recovered Bamboo and Silk Manuscripts

The terms du (獨) and shendu (慎獨) frequently appear in transmitted texts, notably, among others, the Xunzi and Liji. Drawing reference from the poetry of “Shijiu” (鳲鳩) (Ode 152) and “Yanyan” (燕燕) (Ode 28) in the Book of Odes (詩經), the recovered texts of “Wuxing Commentary” (五行 說) and “Confucian Poetics” (孔子詩論) have provided new material for re-shaping our current understanding of the concepts of du and shendu. This study will briefly survey the semantic ranges of these terms within the exegetical tradition and explore their meaning with regard to the poetry from which they are contextualized. In the final analysis du can be understood as the ontic quality of the heart-mind within the broad sense of cheng (誠 sincerity), or devout love, whereas shendu can be regarded as a process of moral cultivation. To some extent the re-interpretation of these terms finds commonality with, rather than subverts, the semantic ranges established by traditional glosses. The recovered texts have enhanced our understanding of these terms, in particular the concepts of heart-mind and emotion in early China.     

Descartes' Metaphysical Doubts about Clear and Distinct Perception

Descartes' metaphysical doubts in the Third and Fifth Meditations present a scenario like this:it is possible that I (the Meditator) am so imperfect as to be deceived by my author (i.e.,an omnipotent God/Deceiver) in the matters which I think I perceive clearly and distinctly.The metaphysical doubts attempt to cast doubt on beliefs based on present or recollected clear and distinct perceptions.This paper clarifies the intension of the metaphysical doubts by answering the question of how an omnipotent God/Deceiver might exercise a deceptive influence on clear and distinct perception.My analysis shows:(1) the memory interpretation and the retrospective interpretation to be implausible;(2) the incoherence interpretation to be ill-founded,though its conclusion is partly right,such that we should accept a weaker version of it;(3) the misrepresentation interpretation,the defective-origin interpretation,the truth-value variation interpretation and the radical interpretation to be plausible;(4) all of these credible interpretations to be compatible with each other as well.     

NF-κB圈套寡脱氧核苷酸联合紫杉醇对肺癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响

探讨NF-κB圈套寡脱氧核苷酸(NF-κB decoy ODN)联合紫杉醇对肺癌细胞增殖凋亡的影响.培养人肺癌细胞A549:(1)脂质体瞬时转染细胞;(2)MTT试验观察细胞生长曲线;(3)流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率.NF-κB decoy ODN使细胞生长受到抑制,NF-κB decoy ODN联合紫杉醇使细胞凋亡增加.NF-κB decoy ODN联合紫杉醇可增强对肺癌细胞增殖的抑制及凋亡的诱导.     

生态哲学研究的一个向度——河流自然生命的定位

河流生命一词,多见于文学和艺术作品,用拟人化手法比喻河流是"鲜活的,有生命的",与"陈旧的,僵死的"相对.河流生命作为科学概念,即生态系统的一种具体形式的提出,既来源于全球河流生态危机胁迫产生的河流危机意识,[1]也直接来源于我国黄河管理过程中构建河流生命伦理实践的迫切需要.[2]河流生命有其自然与文化两种存在方式,本文旨在探讨河流自然生命的存在方式,重点对其出发点、立论基础和评价标准做出阐释.     

《淮南子》的学习心理思想

《淮南子》,又名《淮南鸿烈》。汉淮南王刘安编著。唐刘知几说：“其书牢笼天地。博极古今。”其广博的内容中蕴含有颇为丰富的学习心理思想。本文即拟对此作一探讨。     

逻辑哲学研究的新标识--《逻辑哲学九章》述评

自 19世纪末、20世纪初现代逻辑产生以来,逻辑学研究在西方学术界可说是方兴未艾。与之相伴的是逻辑哲学研究也在 20世纪的西方学术界开展得如火如荼。受国际学术界的影响,我国学术界自 20世纪 30年代始,在金岳霖、牟宗三、沈有鼎等先生的努力下,逻辑哲学研究逐步得到展开,特别是20世纪 80年代后,在一大批逻辑学者的努力下,我国的逻辑哲学研究逐渐形成繁荣之势。王路、李小五、张清宇、张家龙和邹崇理等合力完成的《逻辑哲学九章》(张清宇主编,江苏人民出版社, 2004 ) (以下简称《九章》)则将我国的逻辑哲学研究推进到了一个新的水平,这…     

关于当前我国医患关系若干问题的评估意见

2004年7月在大连举行的“医患关系-医疗诉讼-医患维权”的学术研讨会,就这个《评估意见》进行了讨论,现在发表的是依据讨论中提出的意见进行了修改的文本。我们认为,建立医患之间的诚信关系,正确处理和协调当前医患间的一些纠纷,在如下一些问题上达成共识是有意义的。     

走出价值相对主义

价值相对主义的理论失误和实践危害,使大多数价值哲学论者都力图克服之。新康德主义的形式先验主义的思路,舍勒的实质先验主义的思路,布伦坦诺的经验直觉主义的思路,培里的现代经验主义的思路,都是克服价值相对主义的不同尝试,都有其合理因素。但由于它们各自理论的缺陷,使之难以真正克服价值相对主义。我们认为,以实践为基点去理解价值的本质,应用唯物辩证的方法去说明价值的相对性与绝对性,才能走出价值相对主义。     

Mediators of the effects of magnitude of reinforcement

The characteristics of mediational mechanisms based upon magnitude of reinforcement were investigated using rats. In two experiments, two-choice discriminations were trained in which selections of one lever in one external stimulus and a second lever in another external stimulus were reinforced with food. In the first experiment, it was found that the discrimination was acquired more rapidly when one choice was reinforced with a large number of food pellets and the other with a smaller number of pellets than when other configurations of reinforcement magnitude were provided. In the second experiment, reversal of a two-choice discrimination was found to be facilitated by prior exposure of the animals to the reversed relationships between the external stimuli and magnitudes of reinforcement. These results were consistent with predictions from a stimulus or associative view of anticipatory processes based upon magnitude of reinforcement.