试论龟卜与京房五行易思维模式

西汉易学家京房建立了复杂而精密的易学体系.他认为六十四别卦和卦爻都具有五行属性.这样别卦的五行就与卦爻五行发生了复杂的关系.我们通过对龟卜的探索,发现这种思想与龟卜法有些相似.这表明京房的这种思维模式并不是无源之水,无木之术.古人在构筑这种体系的时候或许受到古老的龟卜法的启迪或影响.     

试论《淮南子》中齐地的五行思想

《淮南子》中保存了大量的关于五行思想的资料,通过分析排比这些资料,我们能够勾勒出《淮南子》阴阳五行的大致框架,这将有助于我们更好地把握它的内容。同时,在五行思想上,《淮南子》与《管子》、《吕氏春秋》、《春秋繁露》等书有着密切的联系,通过论述《淮南子》中的五行思想,可以发现它们之间的内在联系。     

从六十四卦排序看不同的易学思想

在六十四卦的多种排序之中,传本<周易>卦序、京房八宫卦序和宋人伏羲卦序最为突出.它们分别代表了三种治易思想:阴阳、五行、图数.易学在传统上被划分为象数与义理两类.通过对三种卦序及其和关思想的研究,我们认识到,易学研究所呈现的实际上是以象致与义理的两分法为经,以<周易>经传文、五行原理与图数的三分法为纬所形成的纵横交错的学术形态.所谓学术流派之分只是治学特色的区别,学者唯有综合运用各种手段才能充分认识易道.     

方以智"密衍"思想发微

方以智易学中的"密衍"思想,主要体现在"<河图>变<洛书>"的过程中,认为<河图>强调五行相生,而<洛书>强调五行相克,二者展示了儒家所推崇的生生之德.由"金火易位"出发,方以智等人深化了对"五行尊火为宗"与"金生水"等命题的认识,形成了较为系统的全新观念.     

《黄帝内经》阴阳二十五人分型的数学建模

目的:应用数学建模的方法探索<黄帝内经>阴阳二十五人分型的相应关系.方法:根据<黄帝内经>理论对阴阳(X1)、五行(X2)、五音(X3)和阴阳二十五人健康状态(Y)进行量化,通过SAS循环程序进行数据模拟,建立多元回归模型.结果:多元线性回归方程为Y=7452.24162+625 X1+25X2+0.09832X3.结论:方程揭示了阴阳、五行和五音与阴阳二十五人健康状态的理论关系,为进一步求证阴阳、五行、五音与健康的关系提供了一个数学模型.     

《太极图》与《太极图说》之"五行说"比较研究

本文旨在对<太极图>的作者问题提出个人的看法.首先,本文从比较<太极图>与<太极图说>对"五行"思想的不同表达入手,指出二者所论的"五行"思想分别属于不同的流传系统.其次,本文较深入的比较了这两种"五行"思想的异同之处,进而指出基于这一矛盾可以初步判断,<太极图>与<太极图说>决非一人所做.     

论五德终始说在秦的作用和影响

五德终始,亦称五德转移,是在五行和阴阳思想基础上虚构的,用于说明人类社会组织和朝代变迁的一种神学政治学说。该说创立于战国末期的阴阳家齐人邹衍,大盛于秦、汉。中国历史上明确将五德终始理论用于实践者,唯有秦一朝。 一、阴阳、五行思想在秦人文化中的影响 五德终始说来源于阴阳特别是五行思想。阴阳五行思想源远流长,据庞朴先生考证,商人的龟卜文化已出现了以五方为基础的五行观念。秦人接受了商周文化中的阴阳。     

六朝上清灵宝道经所见五行思想考论

六朝上清灵宝道经多以五行思想为其共同的理论基础，在五行次第上采取“五行用事”之序，形成回环周行的格局，并以不同于生数成数的数字体系组织设计各种日常具体的行道技术，通过五行与五方、五色的搭配化用五行生克关系造构招灵致真摄魔之类道法。这种配数体系被后世文献称为纳音数或老数，与秦简部分记载相合，或昭示了其古老的渊源，其体现的五行生、壮、老(死)三阶段论与生、成两阶段论有所区别。     

五行说的起源

序阴阳五行说在《吕氏春秋》十二纪和《春秋繁露》就有明确记载,如名所示,是由阴阳概念与五行概念结合而成。如在十二纪里,随春夏秋冬四季阴阳的消长而配合以五行。在《春秋繁露》里,用阴阳解释灾异,并以构成万事万物的五行加以补充说明。但是以往的研究证明,如溯本寻源,两者分别来自不同传说,似乎风马牛不相及。笔者先前曾把两者结合起来,以考察阴阳五行说产生的契机及与时令的历史关系。这里暂且不谈阴阳概念,先由五行说的起源说起。对阴阳五行思想起源加以学术反思,始自民国     

五行说考源

中国传统知识和思想的各个方面,几乎都笼罩在五行说的框架之中,要理解中国传统知识和思想,首先就要理解五行说的来龙去脉和精神实质。古往今来,对五行说起源的解说可谓不厌其烦。前人或求之于上古生产工艺,把五行说的起源归之于先民对金、木、水、火、土五材属性的认知;或求之于古占星术,称金、木、水、火、土原为五大行星之号;或求之于甲骨卜辞,以卜辞中的五方说为五行说之滥觞。诸说纷纭,各执一端,其中,尤以五材说源远流长,深入人心。     

易道辩正

易道是易学思想的精髓或内在精神,其最根本的特征是所谓的“一阴一阳之道”。作为易学结构基元的易卦卦象符号,与阴阳观念具有先天性的亲和力,从而使得阴阳观念有了一个可以符号化表征的形式系统。在汉代,阴阳五行与易学成为一个统一的有机整体。两汉的象数理论试图将易道(天道)完全形式化努力的最终结果是“入于礻几祥”,成为一套牵强附会的繁琐哲学。魏晋以后,诸如“时”、“中”一类具有明显的个人独知默会、参悟修证意义的命题,逐渐成为一阴一阳、生生不息的“易道”最为生动的表征。道之真谛,若以易理言之,就是“自强不息”,“与时偕行”。     

"全球伦理"与"文明的冲突"

自美国9.11恐怖袭击事件后,塞缪尔.亨廷顿关于“文明冲突”的理论引起人们高度兴趣。以宗教为核心的文明之间的冲突真的难以化解吗?汉斯.昆的“全球伦理”观点对此提出挑战。本文将浅析一下“全球伦理”,及其化解“文明冲突”的可能性。     

方术迷信的"灵验"揭秘

方术作为中华神秘文化的一个重要的组成部分,是一种既不同于宗教又与宗教有联系的企图借助于“鬼神”等神秘力量来消灾免祸、延年益寿、添财加福的可操作性的东西,如八卦术、算命术、风水术、占梦术、测字术、巫术等。 方术尽管是唯心的不可相信的东西,在历代也遭到了一些人的攻击和批判,然而为何屡不绝迹,有时甚至风靡一时、影响很大,即使在今天仍然有其市场呢?其中一个重要的原因在于一些人认为方术“灵验”。 方术“灵验”的原因是什么?到底是哪些因素     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

The development of children's understanding of "because" and "so"

Children's (5 years, 8 months to 8 years, 4 months) comprehension of "because" and "so" was assessed on both enactment and sentence completion tasks. The use of a within-subject design permitted performance on each task to be interpreted in terms of performance on the other. The pattern of results provided evidence against a componential model for the acquisition of causal connectives. This model holds that the two meaning components (cause, order) are acquired separately, with the order component being acquired several years later than the causal component. The results also were in accord with predictions derived from a contextual model of children's developing understanding of terms expressing logical relationships. This model posits that the understanding of relational terms is initially context dependent, such that children can understand relational terms when they express familiar relationships, but experience difficulty in forming representations of novel relationships solely on the basis of linguistic input. The lexical components of because and so are understood during the context-dependent stage, and the transition from context-dependent to context-independent understanding does not reflect further lexical development, but rather increasing facility in dealing with decontextualized linguistic input.     

Comparison of two theories of "ratio" and "difference" judgments

This article examines the hypothesis that judges compare stimuli by ratio and subtractive operations when instructed to judge" "ratios" and "differences." Rule and Curtis hold that magnitude estimations are a power function of subjective values, with an exponent between 1.1 and 2.1. Accordingly, the two-operation model tested assumes magnitude estimations of "ratios" are a comparable power function of subjective ratios. In contrast, Birnbaum and Veit theorize that judges compare two stimuli by subraction for both "ratio" and "difference" instructions and that magnitude estimations of "ratios" are approximately an exponential function of subjective differences. Three tests were used to compare the theory of one operation with the two-operation theory for the data of nine experiments. The results strongly favor the theory that observers use the same operation for both instructions.