免疫分析中抗体干扰相关问题的探讨

免疫分析是一项应用广泛的技术,抗体是免疫分析的关键问题。循环中内源性抗体对免疫分析的干扰与该技术本身一样古老,由于抗体干扰造成的可疑或错误的结果一直与其并存。但对于其机制、类型扣对策并未廓清。有鉴于此,有必要对抗体干扰免疫分析的诸多问题进行更深入的基础与临床研究,以提高临床诊断水平。     

噬菌体抗体库技术

噬菌体抗体库技术以其简便和高效,大大地促进了抗体产业的发展.抗体库技术的出现离不开与社会需求的相互促进;抗体库的构建和筛选离不开对传统方法的改进和创新;抗体库技术的应用突破了传统杂交瘤技术的束缚.科研实践中处处体现着辩证法,了解一些辩证法知识,能够指导我们的科研实践,使其事半功倍.     

解脲支原体与不孕不育关系研究的思考

解脲支原体(Uu)感染与不孕不育的关系越来越受到人们的重视,对二者关系的研究,是不断深化发展的过程.Uu能引起输卵管性不孕,且与抗精子抗体产生有关;通过破坏精子形态和功能、降低精子密度或免疫机制致男性不育.提示对于不孕不育患者要应用新技术分型定量检测Uu,严格在循证医学指导下实现个体化综合治疗.     

基于NaYF4：Yb，Er上转换纳米粒子钔硝酸纤维素的SEB毒素荧光免疫分析

首先，采用水热法合成了以NaYF4为基质，Yb3＋为敏化剂，Yb3＋和Er3＋共掺杂的NaYF4：Yb，Er上转换纳米粒子，并采用改良的St6ber法将其表面包覆二氧化硅层，然后用硅烷化试剂进行氨基化修饰，最后以戊二醛为交联剂，将其与抗体成功结合，合成了抗体生物功能化的上转换纳米粒子。实验过程分别采用TEM、FT—IR等方式对其粒径、形貌、表面配体等进行了表征。最后，将与抗体分子与上转换纳米粒子成功结合，并将其作为荧光探针，以硝酸纤维素膜为介质，采用双抗体夹心式荧光免疫方法对SEB毒素进行了检测，实验表明，该方法简单快速，灵敏度高，非常适合于生物分子的荧光免疫分析。     

社会认知中的样例激活效应与内-外群体效应

采用信号检测论技术,以人格词单记忆为实验任务,探讨社会认知过程中样例激活效应与内-外群体效应对记忆过程的干扰作用.实验结果表明,(1)样例激活与群体范畴的交互效应对社会信息加工过程存在显著干扰作用.(2)与外群体相比,内群体的信息加工更不易受到干扰;与积极样例特质相比,消极他相关样例特质的信息加工更不易受到干扰.(3)在加工内群体成员信息而激活的是反面样例时,被试的判断标准最严.     

ANCA相关性血管炎诊治的临床决策

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)相关性血管炎是系统性自身免疫性疾病,肾脏是最易受累的器官.因其临床表现多样且易于复发,临床上常见误漏诊和治疗不当.肾科医师在临床决策中应重视早期识别与诊断,并进行规范、适度的个体化治疗,同时避免过度治疗导致的严重并发症,以期改善患者的远期生存率与生活质量.     

科学研究中的非预期事件与态度改变

本文针对高新技术迅猛发展过程中出现的非预期事件 ,围绕潜在的负面效应及其影响范围展开系统分析 ,同时以态度干扰技术穿插于原始态度测量与结果态度测量 (SD方法 )之间 ,探讨、分析科学研究中的重大突发性事件 (克隆绵羊 )对大学生科技态度的负面影响。分析结果发现各类被试对生物技术的态度均出现显著性的变化 ,由较积极、赞同的方向向较消极、中立方向发生态度改变。论文在借鉴同类研究的基础上 ,尝试应用免疫理论等作为对策性建议。     

注意次级任务对客体与空间工作记忆信息保持的选择性干扰

通过两个行为实验,考察两种选择性注意干扰任务是否分别对客体与空间信息的保持产生选择性干扰,及干扰效应是否受记忆对象言语命名和编码难易程度的影响.实验1采用言语命名和编码容易的记忆任务,没有发现任何显著的干扰效应.实验2采用了言语命名和编码困难的记忆任务,结果分析发现:空间选择性注意次级干扰任务对空间工作记忆成绩存在显著的干扰效应,而基于客体的选择性注意次级干扰任务则对客体工作记忆成绩产生了显著的干扰.实验结果说明,基于客体的选择性注意和空间选择性注意分别在言语命名和编码困难客体与空间信息的保持加工中发挥作用,但当面对言语命名和编码容易的客体与空间记忆目标时,不再发生作用.     

自身抗体检测新技术及其临床应用

自身抗体的检测在自身免疫性疾病（A ID ）的诊断,判断疾病的严重程度及评价疗效方面拥有十分重要的临床意义。随着免疫检测技术的进步,新的自身抗体特异性靶抗原被发现,自身抗体的检测技术也越来越多,出现如何评估自身抗体检测方法及诊断价值的新问题。本文介绍自身抗体检测的新技术及自身抗体检测技术的发展趋势,评估自身抗体检测方法应用现状,分析了临床自身抗体检测技术的优缺点,让临床实验室更加合理有效选择自身抗体检测技术。     

以兔抗鼠淋巴细胞血清为非条件刺激的条件性免疫抑制

采用一种生物类免疫抑制剂-兔抗鼠淋巴血清（rabbit anti-rat lymphocyte serum,ALS）为非条件刺激（UCS）,糖精水为条件刺激（CS）,以双瓶给水法置于鼠笼前端饮用偏好侧。在一次性CS-UCS结合训练后,单独再次给予CS,使卵清蛋白（OVA）免疫过的大鼠表现出脾淋巴细胞对有丝分裂原PWM的增殖反应降低,血抗OVA抗体的总量及脾内抗OVA抗体生成细胞的减少,但动物未表现出条件性味觉厌恶的行为反应。这些结果表明条件性免疫抑制与味觉厌恶行为条件反射没有必然联系,并非是厌恶行为反应或情绪应激的伴随产物。UCS也并非必需具有感觉的毒副作用,条件性免疫抑制是脑高级神经活动调节免疫功能的结果。     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia

Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female brain may account for this greater improvement.     

Ethical Issues in Counselling in Education

It is suggested that there are two quite distinct Systems of ethics and practice in use by counsellors in education: the integrated model, which emphasises viewing the counsellor-institution relationship as theprimary ethical perspective; and the differentiated model, which emphasises the counsellor-client relationship as the starting point for an ethical understanding of the counsellor's role. The implications of these two perspectives for ethical issues relating to sources of referrai, issues of confidentiality, accountability for resources, the implications of role diffusion, and the outcomes of counselling, are examined. The ethical consequences of viewing the two Systems as reconcilable or incompatible are explored.