初探健康管理与我国糖尿病的预防与控制

近年来,我国糖尿病发展的势头迅速,成为糖尿病患病率增长最快的国家之一,给社会和经济带来了巨大的负担。文章针对我国的糖尿病的流行现状及其带来的经济负担,分析了实施糖尿病健康管理的现实意义,并借鉴美国健康管理的经验,构思了我国社区的促进糖尿病防制的健康管理模式。     

糖尿病与乳腺癌关系研究进展

近年来随着生活水平的提高,饮食结构的改变,糖尿病的发病率不断升高,其并发症严重危害人们的健康.对于女性来说,乳腺癌发病率已上升为危害女性健康的首位恶性肿瘤,给女性带来了严重的心理压力.糖尿病与癌症相关性研究逐渐引起重视.有研究表明,糖尿病会增加乳腺癌的发病率,但也有研究表明二者之间的关系存在争议,所以需要进一步的流行病学调查研究.本文对近年来关于糖尿病与乳腺癌关系的流行病学调查以及糖尿病与乳腺癌之间可能的作用机制作一综述.     

系统思维在糖尿病防治中的应用

随着人们生活水平的提高,糖尿病日益成为威胁人类健康的主要疾病.在整体观的指导下,人们对于糖尿病采取综合全面的治疗.同时,整体优化的原则在防治中被充分运用.近年来,我国建立了2型糖尿病发病因素分析方式与概率预测模型.     

健康教育及分层管理在糖尿病足病防治中的作用——3年随访观察

为探讨早期糖尿病足病健康教育及分层管理措施对糖尿病患者足病的防治作用,对初诊糖尿病患者进行了足部风险评估,分为正常、低危、中危、高危不同程度糖尿病足病风险人群,然后对不同风险人群组实施系统性、长期性兼个体化的糖尿病足病防治健康教育和分层管理3年.研究发现,糖尿病足病发生发展状况明显改善,与糖尿病足病相关的溃疡复发率相对风险降低52.30％,再住院率相对风险降低43.28％,溃疡发生率降低61.99％.因此,早期糖尿病足病健康教育和分层管理的防治策略可提高患者对足部的自我管理和护理能力,对糖尿病足病的发生发展起到了有效的防治作用.     

健康教育及分层管理在糖尿病足病防治中的作用——3年随访观察

为探讨早期糖尿病足病健康教育及分层管理措施对糖尿病患者足病的防治作用,对初诊糖尿病患者进行了足部风险评估,分为正常、低危、中危、高危不同程度糖尿病足病风险人群,然后对不同风险人群组实施系统性、长期性兼个体化的糖尿病足病防治健康教育和分层管理3年.研究发现,糖尿病足病发生发展状况明显改善,与糖尿病足病相关的溃疡复发率相对风险降低52.30％,再住院率相对风险降低43.28％,溃疡发生率降低61.99％.因此,早期糖尿病足病健康教育和分层管理的防治策略可提高患者对足部的自我管理和护理能力,对糖尿病足病的发生发展起到了有效的防治作用.     

糖尿病教育在2型糖尿病防控工作中的重要性

近年来,由于糖尿病的高患病率、高致残率和高死亡率带来沉重的社会和经济负担.预防糖尿病发生、改善糖尿病患者现况等均提示推广普及糖尿病教育具有重要意义.通过糖尿病教育可以全面改善患者临床控制指标、知识水平、自我管理水平和自我效能水平,且从卫生经济学角度分析显示其投入相对较小的成本即可达到良好的效果和效用,因而在糖尿病防控体系中占据重要位置.同时,我国的糖尿病教育实践中尚需解决好媒体宣传、教育配需体系、机制和投入等问题.     

四种糖尿病防治指南的比较与分析

<中国糖尿病防治指南>的制定对我国糖尿病防治事业来说是具有里程碑式的意义.我国终于有了自己的糖尿病防治指南.现今各国糖尿病学界不同组织几乎制定了各自的防治指南.对来自国际糖尿病联盟、美国糖尿病学会、亚洲-太平洋地区2型糖尿病政策组以及中华医学会糖尿病学分会等组织所制定的糖尿病防治指南,在出版形式、内容和适用性以及代表性等不同的侧面进行了比较.总体情况看国际糖尿病联盟按不同资源水平制定了不同的防治标准,判定标准明确,适用性较广,但指南的直观可读性较差;美国糖尿病学会的指南以内容丰富、全面著称,适用于较高层次的专业工作者,但稍欠可推广性;亚州-太平洋2型糖尿病政策组的指南简明、易懂,可读性佳,比较适合东南亚人群;<中国糖尿病防治指南>内容全面、精简概括,符合中国国情.     

社区卫生服务与其高端医疗资源共享体系创新

从公共管理新视角,重点探讨城市社区卫生服务与其高端医疗资源基于区域健康信息互操作的发展战略,旨在为促进我国医疗卫生体制改革,创新提出"新型和谐的城市卫生服务体系",实现资源共享,适应我国社会经济发展和居民健康需求,为政府管理及其公共政策提供信息支持服务.     

发挥健康促进志愿者在社区健康管理中的作用

在我国,开展社区健康管理具有重要意义.针对目前医学的社会化趋势以及社区卫生人力资源不足问题,通过概述健康促进志愿者活动在我国各地的实施进展与效果,指出发挥健康促进志愿者在社区健康管理中的作用的必要性和可行性,并对怎样充分发挥健康促进志愿者在社区健康管理中的作用进行探讨.     

中国糖尿病教育者的重任

糖尿病教育是一种治疗性的干预措施,也是一项有计划的教育课程,糖尿病教育者是糖尿病管理队伍中的一个整合部分,一名专业糖尿病教育工作者对于促进糖尿病医疗护理、实践及服务等方面都将起到很大的贡献,其中,糖尿病专科护士扮演着重要角色.要促进我国糖尿病教育的快速发展,急需一支专业化的糖尿病教育者队伍来发挥主力军的作用.     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.