血管内皮生长因子与结直肠癌的研究

血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）是一高度特异作用于内皮细胞的糖蛋白,是目前发现的最重要的肿瘤血管生长因子之一。结直肠癌的生长、侵袭和转移与血管内皮生长因子有密切的关系,VEGF在结直肠癌治疗中的作用日益突出。本文就VEGF的功能、在结直肠癌中的表达和治疗的作用作一综述。     

贝伐单抗治疗实体肿瘤的临床研究进展

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在肿瘤的发病机制中起着关键作用,其作为抗肿瘤治疗的重要靶点,已得到越来越多的关注.贝伐单抗(Bevacizumab,BEV)是一种血管内皮生长因子的单克隆抗体,是目前最受关注的分子靶向药物之一,自2004年经美国FDA批准上市以来,BEV已被用于多种实体肿瘤的治疗.本文就BEV关于治疗几类实体肿瘤的临床研究进展作一综述.     

鼻咽癌组织VEGF、TNF-α及其受体VEGFR1、P55的表达及意义

观察鼻咽癌黏膜上皮中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及受体血管生长因子1(VEGFR1),肿瘤坏死生长因子受体蛋白55(P55)的表达情况,探讨其在鼻咽癌发病及进展中的意义.我们应用免疫组化SP法检测60例鼻咽癌和60例正常鼻黏膜上皮组织VEGF、TNF-α及VEGFR1、P55表达情况,分析其在鼻咽癌组织中的表达变化及意义.结果显示鼻咽癌黏膜上皮的VEGF、TNF-α、VEGFR1、P55表达高于正常鼻黏膜上皮.因此VEGF、TNF-α及其受体VEGFR1、P55在鼻咽癌黏膜上皮中过度表达,可能参与鼻咽癌的发病及疾病进展,对于鼻咽癌的预防及治疗具有重要意义.     

晚期结直肠癌的分子靶向治疗

对于晚期结直肠癌(mCRC)的靶向治疗,目前正在研究和临床应用的主要有:(1)针对肿瘤细胞表面的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的药物;(2)针对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号传导通路的药物;(3)针对受体酪氨酸激酶及其下游级联反应的药物;(4)免疫靶向治疗药物,例如PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂。但在我国经CFDA批准应用于临床的仅有抗EGFR的西妥昔单抗和抗VEGFR的贝伐单抗。怎么用好这两个靶向药物,让mCRC患者得到最合理、最有效的治疗,让患者生存时间尽可能延长且生活质量高。2016年ESMO共识指南,将患者的治疗按治疗目标来考虑,比较具有可操作性。肿瘤部位因为分子水平的差异,对靶向药物可能有选择倾向。免疫靶向药物的出现,它的作用特点,也许对我们的mCRC的治疗会是另外一种策略。     

鼻咽癌组织VEGF、TNF—α及其受体VEGFR1、P55的表达及意义

观察鼻咽癌黏膜上皮中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF—α）及受体血管生长因子1（VEGFR1）,肿瘤坏死生长因子受体蛋白55（P55）的表达情况,探讨其在鼻咽癌发病及进展中的意义。我们应用免疫组化SP法检测60例鼻咽癌和60例正常鼻黏膜上皮组织VEGF、TNF—α及VEGFR1、P55表达情况,分析其在鼻咽癌组织中的表达变化及意义。结果显示鼻咽癌黏膜上皮的VEGF、TNF—α、VEGFR1、P55表达高于正常鼻黏膜上皮。因此VEGF、TNF—α及其受体VEGFR1、P55在鼻咽癌黏膜上皮中过度表达,可能参与鼻咽癌的发病及疾病进展,对于鼻咽癌的预防及治疗具有重要意义。     

代谢组学在结直肠癌中的研究进展

结直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来其发病率和病死率都很高,因此做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗很有必要,肿瘤标志物在结直肠癌的诊治中发挥了重要作用,但癌胚抗原等传统肿瘤标志物远远不能满足临床需要,代谢组学的出现解决了这一难题.代谢组学是近年来新发展起来的一门组学技术,随着各种代谢组学分析技术的发展和联用,使其在结直肠癌中有着越来越深入的研究,可用此技术在结直肠癌患者的组织、血液和尿液中寻找差异性代谢产物作为新的肿瘤标志物,在结直肠癌的诊断和治疗上有很大优势.本文将对代谢组学的概况及其在结直肠癌中的研究进展做一综述.     

FGFR1和VEGF在肺鳞癌中的表达及其对预后影响

探讨成纤维生长因子受体1(FGFR1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在肺鳞癌中的表达及临床意义。采用免疫组化法检测88例术后肺鳞癌患者癌组织及29例癌旁组织中FGFR1及VEGF的表达。FGFR1、VEGF在肺鳞癌癌组织中的表达率均高于癌旁组织。且二者呈正相关关系。FGFR1的表达吸烟患者高于不吸烟者,VEGF的表达与淋巴结转移、病理分期、分化程度相关。FGFR1的表达与患者总生存期无显著统计学相关。VEGF阳性表达者有明显不良预后。经COX多因素分析FGFR1、VEGF、淋巴结转移、分化程度是肺鳞癌患者术后的独立预后因子。FGFR1和VEGF是肺鳞癌的预后因子,可能成为肺鳞癌靶向治疗的靶点。     

CyclinD1、VEGF、Flt-1在肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

探讨肝细胞癌( Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、胆管癌、肝硬化及正常肝组织中周期素D1 (CyclinD1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及血管内皮生长因子受体(Flt-1)蛋白表达的意义及其与肝癌生物学行为关系.对52例符合要求的HCC组织、10例胆管癌组织、10例肝硬化组织及10例正常肝组织采用免疫组化S-P法检测CyclinD1、VEGF及Flt-1蛋白.CyclinD1、VEGF及Flt-1在HCC的强阳性表达率分别为55.8％、55.8％及67.3％,均显著高于胆管癌、肝硬化及正常肝组织(P＜0.001).CyclinD1及VEGF表达与肿瘤包膜完整、血管侵犯及肿瘤分化程度明显有关(P＜0.05);Flt -1与肿瘤分化程度明显有关(P＜0.05).CyclinD1与VEGF间、CyclinD1与Flt-1间及VEGF与Flt-1间的蛋白表达均呈正相关(R=0.445,P＜0.01、R=0.368,P＜0.01、R=0.332,P＜0.01).CyclinD1、VEGF及Flt-1蛋白的过表达可促使肝癌细胞增殖,使肝癌细胞具有更强的侵袭力,与肝癌的发生、发展密切相关.     

适度运动对冠心病侧支循环建立的影响

探讨适度运动对冠心病患者生活质量及冠脉侧支循环建立的作用,阐明其康复治疗的重要意义,并探讨其可能机制。根据随访结果选择84例经冠脉造影示前降支100%闭塞的单支病变患者。所有患者均于入选前、入选1年后行冠状动脉造影检查,并在入选后1年检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及儿茶酚胺抑素(CST)水平。规范药物治疗+适度运动组侧支循环建立和开放率最高。规范药物治疗+适度运动组侧支循环建立和开放率高于规范药物治疗组,差异有统计学意义。不论是否用药,适度运动者VEGF、CST水平高于未运动者,VEGF、CST水平与是否规范用药无关。适度运动可以增加冠脉闭塞病变患者的侧支循环开通机会,其机制可能与适度运动增加VEGF和CST水平有关。     

K-ras基因与结直肠腺癌关系研究进展

肿瘤的发生涉及癌基因的激活及抑癌基因的失活,K-ras基因是与肿瘤形成关系较为密切的一种癌基因,其功能异常能够影响细胞的生长、增殖、分化和凋亡等.研究已发现K-ras基因的突变激活是结直肠癌变过程中的重要事件之一.本文拟对K-ras基因的生物学特性、对细胞信号转导的影响及在结直肠腺癌形成与治疗中的作用作一综述.     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.