人类辅助生殖技术中的伦理监督与实践

我国人类辅助生殖技术的开展以及相关法律规范的实施为该技术的运用带来伦理管理的新课题.分别阐述辅助生殖技术中伦理监督的重要意义、重点与难点,对我院具体管理工作与实践探索作了介绍,并对该技术伦理监督管理中的几个问题进行了讨论.     

人类辅助生殖技术中的伦理监督与实践

我国人类辅助生殖技术的开展以及相关法律规范的实施为该技术的运用带来伦理管理的新课题。分别阐述辅助生殖技术中伦理监督的重要意义、重点与难点,对我院具体管理工作与实践探索作了介绍,并对该技术伦理监督管理中的几个问题进行了讨论。     

略论人类辅助生殖技术医疗机构医学伦理委员会的职责和工作制度

人类辅助生殖技术医疗机构医学伦理委员会是医学伦理机制系统的重要组成部分 ,它具有特定的职责、功能和作用。与国际上医疗机构很早就普遍建立了多方面、多层次的医学伦理委员会并全面开展活动的历史相比 ,我国医疗机构辅助生殖医学伦理委员会 (以下简称委员会 )制度的建立和实施尚处于起步阶段 ,活动亦不规范。而我国人类辅助生殖医疗事业的健康发展正急切呼唤规范和加强委员会的活动 ,但有关配套的规范性文件一时还未来得及出台。要积极有效地开展委员会的活动 ,迫切需要根据 2 0 0 1年卫生部发布的《实施人类辅助生殖技术的伦理原则》(…     

人类辅助生殖技术中的诊疗策略及伦理

人类辅助生殖技术是医学领域的一门新兴学科,随着此项技术的逐步成熟,也伴随着出现了各种诊疗及伦理问题。探讨对不孕症夫妇诊疗过程中的心理关怀与策略、人类辅助生殖技术治疗过程中的诊疗策略及其引起的伦理及相关法律等问题,认为在实施此项技术的过程中需要更规范、合理和人性化的诊疗策略。     

人类辅助生殖技术中的诊疗策略及伦理

人类辅助生殖技术是医学领域的一门新兴学科,随着此项技术的逐步成熟,也伴随着出现了各种诊疗及伦理问题.探讨对不孕症夫妇诊疗过程中的心理关怀与策略、人类辅助生殖技术治疗过程中的诊疗策略及其引起的伦理及相关法律等问题,认为在实施此项技术的过程中需要更规范、合理和人性化的诊疗策略.     

浅论生殖医学伦理委员会的功能

辅助生殖技术的开展为医学伦理带来了新的内容和挑战。我国卫生部于2001年2月20日发布的《人类辅助生殖技术管理办法》中规定,人类辅助生殖技术的应符合有利于患者的原则、知情同意的原则、保护后代的原则、社会公益原则、保密原则、严防商业化的原则和伦理监督的原则。开展辅助生殖技术的条件之一是医疗机构建立生殖医学伦理委员会。伦理委员会是教育性、咨询性、义务性及独立组织。生殖医学伦理委员会应依据上述原则对人类辅助生殖技术的全过程和有关研究进行监督,开展生殖医学伦理宣传教育,并对实施中遇到的伦理问题进行审查、咨询、论证和建议。     

中美辅助生殖技术伦理规范的比较研究

人类辅助生殖技术给不孕不育症患者带来了福音,但在一定程度上改变了人类的自然生殖过程,同时也为医务工作人员在实施该项技术的过程中增添了新的伦理困惑.通过比较研究,拟从伦理法规制定机构、单一精子供应上限、精子库精源、受者范围、捐献目的、捐献方式等对中美两国在人类辅助生殖技术方面伦理规范的差异进行阐述,为我国提高此项技术的伦理审查能力、增强政策研究、保证伦理监督的公平和客观提供科学合理的借鉴.     

人类辅助生殖技术与儒家生命伦理观的价值冲突与和解

人类辅助生殖技术对人类自然出生方式和自然生命的深度干预与技术控制,使儒家传统生命伦理观遭遇伦理挑战,以致儒家生命伦理难以对人类辅助生殖技术的应用提供及时有效的价值引导。人类辅助生殖技术的临床应用也受到以儒家为主导的传统价值理念的诘难。人类辅助生殖技术作为人类精神文化的产物,应当接受儒家生命伦理理念的价值引导和约束。同时儒家生命伦理理念也应当归纳、包容新的科技价值理念,在科技与伦理之间寻找平衡点,发展出新的伦理原则和哲学基础来应对人类辅助生殖技术引发的诸多伦理困境。     

辅助生殖技术引发的案例伦理分析

辅助生殖技术虽然给无数个不育夫妇带来了福音,但同时也给人类传统的伦理观念带来了冲击和挑战,同时它的滥用还可能给人类造成灾难。通过对由辅助生殖技术引发的7个典型案例的伦理分析和研究,来进一步探讨辅助生殖技术中伦理问题及其对策。     

人类辅助生殖技术的伦理评估

辅助生殖技术 (ＡｓｓｉｓｔｅｄＲｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏ ｇｙ,ＡＲＴ)是近代医学发展中治疗夫妇不孕的新技术。人工授精 (ＡｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＩｎｓｅｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ,ＡＩ)和体外受精 -胚胎移植技术 (ＩｎＶｉｔｒｏＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＥｍ ｂｒｙｏＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒ,ＩＶＦ -ＥＴ)是辅助生殖技术的两个组成部分[1] 。由于在该技术的实施过程中不可避免地涉及到精子、卵子和孕卵的冷冻保存、转赠以及代孕等问题 ,同时使生育这种人类的本能从私人的事情变成能处于专家和机构的控制之下 ,这就使ＡＲＴ…     

Programme for experiments on thinking

In remembering, items are used in the form in which they are alleged to have been perceived at some time in the past. In thinking, however, evidence is given and the essential character of the process is to move beyond this evidence, but in line with it, to something for which so far, no exact or complete perceptual basis is claimed.

From an experimental point of view the best approach is to consider thinking as a high level skill, and to design experiments in the light of what has been discovered during recent years about the learning, practice and achievements of skill on a psycho-motor level.

When this is done, it turns out that the thinking process can usefully be considered as one in which gaps are filled up in accord with specific evidence provided. The fundamental gap-filling processes are either of interpolation or of extrapolation.

In the present paper the methodology proposed is developed and illustrated in a preliminary manner.     

Further Comments on Criteria for Reimbursement for Psychological Assessments

Bruhn (1978) has offered some comments about criteria for CHAMPUS reimbursement. These criteria are CHAMPUS-specific and subject to modification for other health plans. Deviations are subject to peer review and may be approved for reimbursement. Expert opinion is widely solicited to justify the criteria.     

Commentary on "Being on time for appointments

In "Being on time for appointments," Sharon Schwarze addresses an important issue -- the tendency for doctors to keep patients waiting for their appointments. Let me state categorically that I agree that this is a deplorable situation that warrants discussion and warrants a serious attempt to correct the practice. I do believe, however, that this is an issue more appropriately considered under the rubric of etiquette rather than ethics, though clearly it is subsumed in the category of respect for persons....     

Contextual Factors for Research on Psychological Therapies for Aboriginal Australians

This paper is to provide a commentary to Can cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) be effective for Aboriginal Australians? Perspectives of Aboriginal practitioners trained in CBT. It is inspiring that this study has found that CBT can play a useful role in therapy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people but the outcomes need to be considered with caution. CBT can provide a useful tool when working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, but in itself is not adequate for a number of reasons. Firstly, it is not culturally responsive but can be part of an approach that might be culturally appropriate. The authors are compelled at this point to give a history of mental health and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to provide a background context to the discussion and to illustrate why some psychological approaches such as CBT can only ever be part of the tools that might be used in a broader framework, that is required to address and strengthen Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's well‐being.     

Media Influence on Drive for Thinness and Drive for Muscularity

The present study investigated relationships between media influence (exposure, self-comparison to media ideals and internalization of media messages, societal pressure to have the perfect body, using media as a source of information about how to achieve a certain body ideal) and drive for thinness and drive for muscularity in 311 male and female undergraduates at a university in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. We hypothesized that drive for thinness and drive for muscularity in both women and men would relate to body comparison/internalization, societal pressure, use of media for information, magazine consumption and television viewing. We also expected television and magazines would have different influences on men and women’s drive for muscularity and drive for thinness. Finally, we hypothesized that societal pressure and using media as a source of information would mediate the relation between media exposure (number of magazines read, hours of television watched) and drive for thinness and drive for muscularity in women and men. Students completed surveys on-line. Results revealed using media as a source of information on how to attain the ideal body mediates the relationship between drive for thinness and media exposure in women. Overall, it seems that media and the internalization of general/non-athletic body ideals may have an impact on drive for thinness in both men and women. Similarly, internalization of athletic body ideals may relate to drive for muscularity in both collegiate men and women in the U.S. Implications for counselors were discussed.