The Academic Interests of College Women: A Factorial Study

The extent to which college programs meet the needs and goals of women students has not been established. In this study, a sample of students and alumnae of the College of Home Economics, Iowa State University, responded to a set of attitude scales concerning their reactions to courses in their core curriculum. Factor analysis of the person-course interactions revealed 6 factors which were tentatively defined in terms of the courses loading most heavily on each. Implications for improved educational planning of women are discussed.     

A Factorial Replication Study of the Adult Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey

This study investigated the tractor replicability of a 54-item, multitractorial, self-report measure of temperament for a cross-validational sample of young adults. A 10-factor model specification was supported via maximum likelihood exploratory tractor analysis. Congruence coefficients and pattern similarity indices provided support for the configurational similarity of the tractor loading patterns of the two samples trot 8 of the 10 factors. High congruity was found for the factors of Activity Level-General, Activity Level-Sleep, Approach/Withdrawal, Flexibility-Rigidity, Mood, Rhythmicity-Sleep, Rhythmicity-Sleep, Rhythmicity-Eating, and Distractibility. Items related to a distinct Persistence factor in the original sample loaded on the Distractibility tractor in the cross-validation sample. Also, Rhythmicity-Daily Habits did not retain its factor integrity in the cross-validation sample.     

A Factorial Analysis of Responses to the Comic as a Study in Personality

Modeling techniques were used to model moderate disclosure to high and low disclosers. Eighty female undergraduates (40 low disclosers and 40 high disclosers) listened to a model select items that were rated as moderate disclosures for discussion. Two modeling conditions were employed; in one condition the model was reinforced by the E (vicarious reinforcement), in the second condition the model was not reinforced. Two control conditions, one with the model present, the other with the model absent were also included. The results of two separate 2 × 4 × 2 repeated measures, hierarchical analyses of variance on the subject distance from modeled intimacy, and the number of moderate items selected on pre- and posttests, indicated that both modeling conditions were successful in producing moderation of self-disclosure.     

Conceptualizations of Fair Play: A Factorial Survey Study of Moral Judgments by Badminton Players

There is much discussion in sports on whether certain behavior should be considered Fair Play. This moral judgment on Fair Play is influenced by the conceptualization of the term Fair Play as either “respect for the rules” or “respect for the spirit of the game,” as well as by other determinants. To uncover the moral judgment of athletes and which conceptualization of Fair Play dominates in practice, a factorial survey approach is used. The act and the level of the match played a role in the judgment, as well as the gender of the athlete. Our results showed that both conceptualizations “respect for the rules” and “respect for the spirit of the game” were important in this judgment, with the spirit conceptualization being more dominant.     

Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability: A Preliminary Study of its Factorial Structure

This study examined the factorial structure of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability in a sample of 313 individuals who sustained spinal cord injury (SCI). Three models were examined. The first model tested the hypothesis that psychosocial adaptation is composed of a single, global factor, in which positive (adaptive) and negative (nonadaptive) reactions define two opposing poles of the same dimension. The second model tested the validity of two distinguishable factors, representing adaptive and nonadaptive dimensions. The third model examined the relationship between the 2-factor model and a third dimension, that of denial. The data from the instruments measuring psychosocial adaptation to trauma and disability (the Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory and the Purdue Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Revised) were submitted to a series of confirmatory factor analyses, and the results from the goodness of fit tests and fit indices provided strong support to the validity of the latter two models. The findings indicated that the structure of adaptation to SCI can be best conceptualized as representing two, moderately linked but clearly distinguishable, factors and that the construct of denial of disability further elucidates our understanding of the structure of adaptation to loss of body integrity.

劳教戒毒者自我价值感特点的初步研究

探讨劳教戒毒者的自我价值感特点,对劳教戒毒者的改造和矫治工作具有一定的意义。本研究用黄希庭编制的自我价值感量表对160名劳教戒毒者进行测量。结果表明：劳教戒毒者在总体自我价值感、一般自我价值感及特殊自我价值感的大多数分量表上均显著低于正常成年人,而他们在自我价值感的多数分量表上均未见有性别、职业和婚姻状况上的差异。     

Factorial validity of imagery measures

Two correlational studies and related factor analyses (N = 70. N = 76) were addressed to four psychometric hypotheses derived from the imagery-desensitization literature. Consistent with prior research, self-ratings of imaginal vividness correlated moderately positively across sense modalities. Vividness ratings were inconsistently related to imagery control scores however. The question of the extent to which imagery scales reflect the influences of response sets and general intelligence has been raised recently in this journal Behav. Res. and Therapy 10, 137 (1972). Acquiescence tendency does not appear to influence imagery questionnaire results and there is only a small contamination effect from the social desirability response style, thus suggesting that these questionnaires are substantially free of response bias invalidation. Verbal intelligence is unrelated to researched imaginal attributes, as measured by self-report scales and several behavioral measures, including location memory and spatial visualization. These behavioral measures, in turn, do not correlate with ratings of imagery characteristics, a finding in accord with previous literature. Although self-report imagery questionnaires stand up better to psychometric scrutiny than might have been expected, and thus prior research employing them cannot be dismissed summarily, it is argued that these questionnaires may not tap the variables most relevant to desensitization outcome or mediation. The necessity of using state rather than trait measures, and of relating these to physiological indices, is highlighted.     

A Profile-Based Framework for Factorial Similarity and the Congruence Coefficient

We present a novel profile-based framework for understanding factorial similarity in the context of exploratory factor analysis in general, and for understanding the congruence coefficient (a commonly used index of factor similarity) specifically. First, we introduce the profile-based framework articulating factorial similarity in terms of 3 intuitive components: general saturation similarity, differential saturation similarity, and configural similarity. We then articulate the congruence coefficient in terms of these components, along with 2 additional profile-based components, and we explain how these components resolve ambiguities that can be—and are—found when using the congruence coefficient. Finally, we present secondary analyses revealing that profile-based components of factorial are indeed linked to experts' actual evaluations of factorial similarity. Overall, the profile-based approach we present offers new insights into the ways in which researchers can examine factor similarity and holds the potential to enhance researchers' ability to understand the congruence coefficient.     

Factorial equations for tests of attention

Tests designed to measure what was conceived to be attention were found by factor analysis to involve a factor which is independent of the factors of rote memory, visual-space, number, or perception. To a large extent, at least, this attention factor is independent of content and of mode of presentation of test material. The tests in which the variance is mainly dependent upon this factor are those involving a high degree of sustained or relatively continuous mental effort.An abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology in the Graduate School of the University of Illinois, 1942.The writer wishes to express his gratitude to Professor Herbert Woodrow who suggested the present problem and under whose guidance the investigation was conducted. A further debt of gratitude is acknowledged to the enlisted men at the Air Corps Technical School at Chanute Field, Illinois, who served as subjects and to Capt. T. W. Harrell and Capt. Richard Faubion.     

"三资"企业劳资关系研究

改革开放以来,"三资"企业不断增长,为中国经济迅速增长做出了重要贡猷的同时,也引发了一些社会问题,主要反映在劳动者劳权的实现状况和劳资关系冲突方面.通过对三个外资企业的个案研究说明,外资企业存在着三种劳资关系模式,即冲突型劳资关系模式、谈判-契约型劳资关系模式和利益一致型的以人力资源管理为主的劳资关系模式.企业类型、投资方式、企业规模、生产要素的配置、企业文化传统以及在地政府的行为等多种因素影响外资企业劳资关系模式.     

Gender and Job Role Congruence: A Field Study of Trust in Labor Mediators

The extent to which individuals are seen as fulfilling their social roles is related to the extent they are seen as successful in that role. Using social role theory, the congruence of job roles and gender roles was examined among labor mediators, a profession requiring both agentic and communal characteristics. A total of 362 employees and employers involved in a workplace dispute that went to governmental mediation were recruited in Quebec, Canada. Regression analyses assessed how impartiality and empathy contributed to parties’ trust in their mediators for male and female mediators. Comparisons of regression structures suggest that perceptions of gender incongruent job characteristics were better predictors of trust in the mediator than gender congruent characteristics. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.     

Gendered Division of Digital Labor in Parenting: A Qualitative Study in Urban China

Sex Roles - The gendered division of domestic labor is a key topic in gender and family studies. While there has been extensive discussion of time use and the division of physical, emotional, and...     

Factorial analysis of Thurstone's seven primary abilities

Intercorrelation coefficients among Thurstone's seven primary mental abilities scores were obtained from scores of 170 freshmen engineering students on the experimental edition of thePrimary Mental Abilities Tests. These correlation coefficients were factored to four factors, interpreted as a general factor, a reasoning factor, a verbal factor, and, tentatively, a specific memory factor. The finding of a general factor for a college population corroborates the Thurstones' finding of a general factor for eighth-grade children.     

劳动价值理论反思

本文着重分析劳动价值论的理论缺陷 :价值概念的不合情理 ;理论逻辑不清 ;交换价值和价格理论不够全面、准确 ,对现实的价格运动不具指导意义。同时针对理论界的一些争论 ,诸如物化劳动、管理劳动、服务劳动是否创造价值等问题作了说明。最后 ,对价值理论的创新提出了一些思考和建议