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西方儿童绘画与认知发展关系研究的进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
0引言儿童绘画有着独特的特点,是儿童表达情绪、情感和对事物的理解的一种方式,它反映着儿童对周围世界的认识程度,是研究儿童认知发展的一个很好的工具。儿童在画画时,采用与成人绘画不同的表征策略。绘画表征策略的发展反映出认知发展的过程。西方发展心理学家在儿童绘画与认知发展的关系方面做了一些工作,发表了大量的研究报告。但是在国内这方面的探讨还比较少。本文介绍的是国外这一领域的一些研究结果和研究动态与趋势。1儿童画所表现的是什么?儿童画画的是什么,这是儿童绘画认知发展研究的一个中心问题。Piaget[1]… 相似文献
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关于幼儿绘画的“知”、“见”矛盾历来是儿童绘画认知发展研究中的热点,对于此现象的探讨,用得最多的是绘画遮挡关系的模型。该文主要介绍关于幼儿物体遮挡的绘画及幼儿绘画认知发展的研究,归纳出关于幼儿把遮挡关系绘画成“分离”的三种原因,同时对幼儿画中的“知”,“见”矛盾加以解释。 相似文献
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关于幼儿绘画的“知”、“见”矛盾历来是儿童绘画认知发展研究中的热点,对于此现象的探讨,用得最多的是绘画遮挡关系的模型。该主要介绍关于幼儿物体遮挡的绘画及幼儿绘画认知发展的研究,归纳出关于幼儿把遮挡关系绘画成“分离”的三种原因,同时对幼儿画中的“知”、“见”矛盾加以解释。 相似文献
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学龄前儿童手脑的配合处于适应与发展时期,绘画的内容从成人的角度来看更像是涂鸦,但其内容反映了儿童所处的状态和对自我与外界的认识。绘画是儿童表达对外界和自我认知的方式,儿童的生理和心理的发展对绘画内容产生直接的影响,呈现出由线条到图案、由单一圆形到几何组合的趋势。家长或教师应选择适合儿童绘画的环境和材料,细心观察儿童的绘画过程,仔细领会他们表达的内容。在理解学龄前儿童不同阶段的绘画艺术特点后,才能更深入地理解儿童的绘画内容,了解儿童对外界的所看所想,为发现儿童目前的不足和未来的培养方向提供重要的参考依据。 相似文献
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本研究考察了5-6岁儿童不同认知方式对部分遮挡绘画任务的影响。实验设定不同形式的误导情境,共有两部分组成。研究结果表明:1儿童绘画表征水平的发展存在个别差异。 相似文献
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Jody Azzouni 《Pacific Philosophical Quarterly》1998,79(1):1-18
All sides in the recent debates over the Quine-Putnam Indispensability thesis presuppose Quine's criterion for determining what a discourse is ontologically committed to. I subject the criterion to scrutiny, especially in regard to the available competitor-criteria, asking what means of evaluation there are for comparing alternative criteria against each other. Finding none, the paper concludes that ontological questions, in a certain sense , are philosophically indeterminate. 相似文献
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Donatella Spinelli-Coleman 《Psychodynamic Practice》2013,19(4):346-356
Drawing on non-clinical experience and with reference to relevant literature, this article examines countertransference and its impact on the development of a secure frame, focusing in particular on the countertransference dream and on its significance within the therapeutic relationship. 相似文献
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Fedor Girenok 《Metaphilosophy》2013,44(1-2):29-31
In this article the author holds that progress in philosophy is a vague concept. Its criteria are not universally acknowledged. All that is clear is that philosophy does not develop in a linear way. Philosophy is polydiscoursive. As for the past fifty years, the author believes three important things happened in philosophy. (1) It has been shown that consciousness exists not within one individual but spreads within a community of people; (2) philosophy has discovered autism, a result that helps us to understand a human being as neither a biological nor a social individual but a third thing—a dreaming being who is not only asocial but also tongueless, where speech and consciousness are separated; and (3) contemporary philosophy has learned to distinguish between sign and symbol. And it has been realized that the human mind is neither an instinct nor a computer but an objectified suffering, a transformed emotion. 相似文献
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The mediation-nonmediation dichotomy proposed by the Kendlers (Psychological Review, 1962, 69, 1–16) and subscribed to by Cole and Medin (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1973, 15, 352–355) is reviewed and critiqued. It is proposed that the appropriate question for research is how children mediate, not when they mediate. 相似文献
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Giuseppe Civitarese 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2016,97(5):1369-1392
Although it encapsulates the Freudian theory of art, the theory of sublimation has become outmoded. What is more, since its inception there has always been something ill‐defined about it. Does it use sexualized or de‐sexualized drive energy? Is it a defence or an alternative to defence? Does it serve Eros or Thanatos? Is it useful in clinical work or is it unusable? The only, albeit uncertain, aid to a definition relies on the extrinsic criterion of concrete artistic realization. My aim here to revisit and possibly ‘reinvent’ sublimation in the light of certain principles of the pre‐Romantic aesthetics of the sublime. Both are theories of spiritual elevation, in other words, elevation that moves towards abstract thinking, and of man's ‘moral’ achievement; and both attempt to explain the mystery of aesthetic experience. On the one hand, the aesthetics of the sublime offers a modern myth that helps us articulate a series of factors occasionally referred to by various authors as constitutive of sublimation but which have not been incorporated into a single organic framework: loss and early mourning work; the earlier existence of a catastrophic factor – to be regarded, depending on the situation, as either traumatic or simply ‘negative’; the correspondence with a process of somatopsychic categorization which coincides with subjectivity. On the other hand, it also helps us grasp the experience of negative pleasure empathically, living it ‘from the inside’. 相似文献
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On talking-as-dreaming 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thomas H. Ogden 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2007,88(3):575-589
Many patients are unable to engage in waking-dreaming in the analytic setting in the form of free association or in any other form. The author has found that 'talking-as-dreaming' has served as a form of waking-dreaming in which such patients have been able to begin to dream formerly undreamable experience. Such talking is a loosely structured form of conversation between patient and analyst that is often marked by primary process thinking and apparent non sequiturs. Talking-as-dreaming superficially appears to be 'unanalytic' in that it may seem to consist 'merely' of talking about such topics as books, films, etymology, baseball, the taste of chocolate, the structure of light, and so on. When an analysis is 'a going concern,' talking-as-dreaming moves unobtrusively into and out of talking about dreaming. The author provides two detailed clinical examples of analytic work with patients who had very little capacity to dream in the analytic setting. In the first clinical example, talking-as-dreaming served as a form of thinking and relating in which the patient was able for the first time to dream her own (and, in a sense, her father's) formerly unthinkable, undreamable experience. The second clinical example involves the use of talking-as-dreaming as an emotional experience in which the formerly 'invisible' patient was able to begin to dream himself into existence. The analyst, while engaging with a patient in talking-as-dreaming, must remain keenly aware that it is critical that the difference in roles of patient and analyst be a continuously felt presence; that the therapeutic goals of analysis be firmly held in mind; and that the patient be given the opportunity to dream himself into existence (as opposed to being dreamt up by the analyst). 相似文献
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Stephen Gross 《Psychodynamic Practice》2013,19(2):207-216
This paper argues that, rather than statutory registration, it is the personal integrity of the individual practitioner that will best safeguard the interest of the client and ultimately the image and reputation of the counselling/psychotherapy profession within society. An attempt is made to define integrity as an absolute moral component of the personality and to consider its significance to the therapeutic relationship. Trust, too, is considered as a vital factor in this relationship. As well as the integrity of the individual practitioner, the integrity of the psychotherapy profession as a whole is considered with particular regard to its considerable reliance on the production of theory for its sense of self worth, as opposed to its efficacy as a therapeutic enterprise. 相似文献
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Marita Torsti 《Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review》2013,36(1):53-76
This article deals with motherhood as a function of the innerspace, as a representation of the integrated feminine inner-genitality, and with disturbances in motherhood as a suffocation of that genitality. The development of feminine ego ideals, from the girl's illusory loving triadic relationships shared with the mother and father, and the primary significance of these ideals in regulating the maternal functions is explored. The young girl tends to react to traumas in the maternal relationship by stifling her own early genitality. This is followed by a blocking off and a sealing up of the innerspace by pregenital drive impulses. Such disturbances to motherhood as oral, anal and urethral decathexes and the phallic idealization of motherhood can be explained in terms of the developmental disturbances described above. 相似文献