共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Michael Davis 《Philosophia》2009,37(2):211-225
Though this paper is mostly about a sense of “profession” common in much of the West, it explains how the term might apply
in any country (especially how the profession of engineering differs from the function, discipline, and occupation of engineering).
To do that, I have to explain the connection between “profession” (in my preferred sense) and another hard-to-translate term,
“code of ethics” (in the sense it has in the expression “code of engineering ethics”). To understand engineering (or any other
occupation) as a profession is to adopt a certain conception of it, one neither old nor (yet) universal. With that conception
in hand, it should be possible for social science to answer the question posed in the title.
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Michael DavisEmail: |
2.
“Ontological emergence” of inherent high-level properties with causal powers is witnessed nowhere. A non-substantialist conception
of emergence works much better. It allows downward causation, provided our concept of causality is transformed accordingly.
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Michel BitbolEmail: |
3.
In this article we defend the inferential view of scientific models and idealisation. Models are seen as “inferential prostheses”
(instruments for surrogative reasoning) construed by means of an idealisation-concretisation process, which we essentially
understand as a kind of counterfactual deformation procedure (also analysed in inferential terms). The value of scientific
representation is understood in terms not only of the success of the inferential outcomes arrived at with its help, but also
of the heuristic power of representation and their capacity to correct and improve our models. This provides us with an argument
against Sugden’s account of credible models: the likelihood or realisticness (their “credibility”) is not always a good measure
of their acceptability. As opposed to “credibility” we propose the notion of “enlightening”, which is the capacity of giving
us understanding in the sense of an inferential ability.
相似文献
Xavier de Donato RodríguezEmail: |
Jesús Zamora Bonilla (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
Daphna Erdinast-Vulcan 《Continental Philosophy Review》2008,41(1):43-58
The essay draws on a little-known fragment from M.M. Bakhtin’s Draft Exercise Notebooks of 1943 to highlight both the affinities
and the divergences of the respective philosophical projects of Bakhtin and Emmanuel Levinas. The first part of the discussion
follows their parallel itineraries through several points of convergence, from a sense of profound philosophical disenchantment
to a conception of the ethical subject as living on borderlines, facing the other, irremediably vulnerable and infinitely
responsible. The second part focuses on the “dialogic impasse” and its attempted resolution through gestures of triangulation,
evidenced in Levinas’s “third” and Bakhtin’s “superaddresee.” The third part of the discussion, beginning with Bakhtin’s and
Levinas’s different readings of Dostoevsky, focuses on the ultimate divergence of their philosophical positions, and suggests
that Bakhtin’s discursive conception of subjectivity may point the direction towards a more viable thinking of a post-metaphysical
ethics.
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Daphna Erdinast-VulcanEmail: |
5.
John J. Drummond 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(1):35-49
This paper distinguishes between two senses of the term “phenomenology”: a narrow sense (drawn from Nagel) and a broader sense
(drawn from Husserl). It claims, with particular reference to the moral sphere, that the narrow meaning of moral phenomenology
cannot stand alone, that is, that moral phenomenology in the narrow sense entails moral intentionality. The paper proceeds
by examining different examples of the axiological and volitional experiences of both virtuous and dutiful agents, and it
notes the correlation between the phenomenal and intentional differences belonging to these experiences. The paper concludes
with some reflections on how the focus on the broader sense of “phenomenology” serves to provide a more precise sense of what
we might mean by “moral phenomenology.”
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John J. DrummondEmail: |
6.
A. D. Smith 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(2):197-212
This paper considers the claim that perceptual experience is “transparent”, in the sense that nothing other than the apparent
public objects of perception are available to introspection by the subject of such experience. I revive and strengthen the
objection that blurred vision constitutes an insuperable objection to the claim, and counter recent responses to the general
objection. Finally the bearing of this issue on representationalist accounts of the mind is considered.
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A. D. SmithEmail: |
7.
Olli Pyyhtinen 《Human Studies》2008,31(3):279-298
The essay discusses the philosopher and sociologist Georg Simmel’s theorizing about the individual. Whereas it is typically
within the context of the modern metropolis and the mature money economy that Simmel’s ideas have been discussed in the secondary
literature, I render those ideas in another light by addressing the ontological and existential issues crucial to his conception
of the individual. In Simmel, the individual is divided between the “what” and the “who,” between the qualities which make
one something individual and one’s non-repeatable and finite existence which makes one someone singular. I argue that whereas the first dimension can be understood sociologically, in terms of social relations, the latter
is not accessible to sociology as such, but must be treated philosophically. Therefore, if we wish to address this duality
that lies at the heart of individuality, a “philosophical turn” for sociology is called for.
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Olli PyyhtinenEmail: |
8.
David Braun 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(2):243-262
I criticized Jeffrey King’s theory of complex demonstratives in “Problems for a Quantificational Theory of Complex Demonstratives.”
King replied in “Complex Demonstratives as Quantifiers: Objections and Replies.” I here comment on some of King’s replies.
相似文献
David BraunEmail: |
9.
This article examines the common-sense and methodical ways in which “the citizen” is produced and enrolled as an active participant
in “sustainable” regional planning. Using Membership Categorization Analysis, we explicate how the categorization procedures
in the Foreword of a draft regional planning policy interactionally produce the identity of “the citizen” and “civic values
and obligations” in relation to geographic place and institutional categories. Furthermore, we show how positioning practices
establish a relationship between authors (government) and readers (citizens) where both are ascribed with the same moral values
and obligations toward the region. Hence, “the citizen” as an active participant in “sustainable” regional planning is viewed
as a practical accomplishment that is underpinned by a normative morality associated with the task of producing orderliness
in “text-in-interaction.”
相似文献
Barbara AdkinsEmail: |
10.
Chris R. Schlauch 《Pastoral Psychology》2006,55(1):61-80
This essay considers how we “create meaning” in the interplay of “felt sense” and “symbols,” and examines the direct and immediate interplay between some common everyday experiences and a series of concepts from psychoanalytic perspectives to reveal how this interplay has affinities with religion. Psychoanalysis and religion are overlapping projects. Psychoanalytic symbolizing of experience facilitates our knowing features of religion not previously known, as well as knowing features previously known, in new ways.
相似文献
Chris R. SchlauchEmail: |
11.
Daphna Erdinast-Vulcan 《Human Studies》2007,30(4):395-409
In this paper I address some related aspects of Merleau-Ponty’s unfinished texts, The Visible and the Invisible and The Prose of the World. The point of departure for my reading of these works is the sense of philosophical disillusionment which underlies and motivates
them, and which, I argue, leads Merleau-Ponty towards an engagement with art in general and with literature in particular.
I suggest that Merleau-Ponty’s emerging conception of ethics—premised on the paradox of a “universal singularity” and concerned
with the concrete experience of the individual subject, rather than with abstractions and formal categories—can best be articulated
through the formalist concept of “defamiliarization,” the fundamental performativity of all literature, and the dialogic relations
which, though inherent in all discourse, become most powerfully evident in the dynamics of reading.
相似文献
Daphna Erdinast-VulcanEmail: |
12.
Mark E. Jonas 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2009,28(2):153-169
In this paper, I argue that Friedrich Nietzsche’s concept of self-overcoming has been largely misinterpreted in the philosophy
of education journals. The misinterpretation partially stems from a misconstruction of Nietzsche’s perspectivism, and leads
to a conception of self-overcoming that is inconsistent with Nietzsche’s educational ideals. To show this, I examine some
of the prominent features of the so-called “debate” of the 1980s surrounding Nietzsche’s conception of self-overcoming. I
then offer an alternative conception that is more consistent with Nietzsche’s thought, and provides a more nuanced understanding
of Nietzsche’s “anti-democratic” pedagogy. Ultimately, I argue that while Nietzsche’s educational philosophy is not egalitarian,
it can be effectively utilized in “democratic” classrooms, assuming his concept of self-overcoming is properly construed.
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Mark E. JonasEmail: |
13.
Thomas Szasz 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(2):79-101
The term “psychiatry” refers to two radically different ideas and practices: curing–healing “souls” and coercing–controlling
persons. It is important that critics of psychiatry clarify whether they object to the former or the latter or both, and why.
Because I believe coerced psychiatric relations are like coerced labor relations called “slavery,” and like coerced sexual
relations called “rape,” I spent the better part of my professional life criticizing involuntary-institutional psychiatry
and the insanity defense. In 1967, my effort to undermine the medical-political legitimacy of the term “mental illness” and
the moral-legal legitimacy of depriving individuals of liberty by means of psychiatric rationalizations suffered a serious
blow: the creation of the antipsychiatry movement. Despite their claims, “antipsychiatrists” rejected neither the idea of
mental illness nor coercion practiced in the name of “treating” mental illness. Sensational claims about managing “schizophrenia”
and pretentious pseudophilosophical pronouncements diverted attention from the crucial role of the psychiatrist as an agent
of the state and as an adversary of the denominated patient. The legacy of the antipsychiatry movement is the creation of
a catchall term used to delegitimize and dismiss critics of psychiatric fraud and force by labeling them “antipsychiatrists.”
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Thomas SzaszEmail: |
14.
Tomasz Szkudlarek 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2007,26(3):237-252
The paper assumes that education is part of the process of discursive construction of society. The theoretical framework on
which this argument is based includes Ernesto Laclau’s theory of the “ontological impossibility and political necessity of
society”, and the role discourse and empty signifiers play in the establishment of political identities. Laclau’s theory is
supplemented here by ideas of Derrida, Lacan, Žižek and Marx, and by other traits in contemporary semiotics that relate to
the notion of “the void” in semantic systems. My claim is that empty signifiers, crucial to the production of the totality
of society, are discursively produced, among others, in pedagogical debates. This is illustrated by one historical example
(Rouuseau), which gives ground for more contemporary analyses, and on the basis of the present economic discourse of educating
and the idea of “knowledge society”. The main conclusion is that education, in contemporary discourse of learning, becomes
a neurotic symptom of the lack of overt domination in social relations.
相似文献
Tomasz SzkudlarekEmail: |
15.
Ekaterina Velmezova 《Studies in East European Thought》2008,60(4):349-362
Criticizing the works of “Western” specialists in semantics, Soviet academician M. M. Pokrovskij (1868–1942) comes to the
conclusion that social factors are essential for semantic evolution, while psychological factors constitute an intermediate
link between the “external” life of a society and the semantics of the corresponding language. This conception resembles the
general explanations of semantic evolution proposed by N. Ja. Marr (1864–1934). Nevertheless, despite a number of common points
in the semantic theories of these two researchers, Pokrovskij’s attitude towards Marr was negative: in particular, he disagreed
with the thesis of the chronological primacy of Marr’s discoveries in the domain of semantics. The article investigates why
Pokrovskij had for a long time constituted an intermediate link between Russian and “Western” “traditions” in the field of
semantics.
相似文献
Ekaterina VelmezovaEmail: |
16.
Enactive appraisal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Giovanna Colombetti 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2007,6(4):527-546
Emotion theorists tend to separate “arousal” and other bodily events such as “actions” from the evaluative component of emotion
known as “appraisal.” This separation, I argue, implies phenomenologically implausible accounts of emotion elicitation and
personhood. As an alternative, I attempt a reconceptualization of the notion of appraisal within the so-called “enactive approach.”
I argue that appraisal is constituted by arousal and action, and I show how this view relates to an embodied and affective
notion of personhood.
相似文献
Giovanna ColombettiEmail: |
17.
18.
Stacy Lee Burns 《Human Studies》2009,32(2):109-131
This paper examines the intersection of technical law and common sense reasoning in small claims arbitration, a distinctive
and increasingly prevalent kind of legal work. Following (Garfinkel, Ethnomethodology’s program: Working out Durkheim’s aphorism, 2002), the study explores the “reform of technical reason” and what a “just outcome” means by focusing on the arbitration of actual
small claims cases and how technical-legal and non-technical/informal resources are brought into alignment to produce dispute
resolution. The arbitrator elicits discussions that establish consensual and commonplace formulations of “the case,” formulations
that foreshadow its disposition as technical matters of law. The research demonstrates how formal structures of equity, evenhandedness,
and decisions without bias have their production in vivo, and how a just and fair course becomes a “just outcome.”
相似文献
Stacy Lee BurnsEmail: |
19.
John B. Brough 《Husserl Studies》2008,24(3):177-191
A fruitful way to approach The Idea of Phenomenology is through Husserl’s claim that consciousness is not a bag, box, or any other kind of container. The bag conception, which
dominated much of modern philosophy, is rooted in the idea that philosophy is restricted to investigating only what is really
immanent to consciousness, such as acts and sensory contents. On this view, what Husserl called “the riddle of transcendence”
can never be solved. The phenomenological reduction, as Husserl develops it in The Idea of Phenomenology, opened up a new and broader sense of immanence that embraces the transcendent, making it possible both to solve the riddle
and to escape the bag conception once and for all. The essay will discuss ways in which this new conception of immanence is
tied to the key Husserlian themes of appearance, phenomenon, essence, seeing or intuiting, and constitution.
相似文献
John B. BroughEmail: |
20.
Victoria S. Harrison 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):97-110
Internalist pluralism is an attractive and elegant theory. However, there are two apparently powerful objections to this approach
that prevent its widespread adoption. According to the first objection, the resulting analysis of religious belief systems
is intrinsically atheistic; while according to the second objection, the analysis is unsatisfactory because it allows religious
objects simply to be defined into existence. In this article, I demonstrate that an adherent of internalist pluralism can
deflect both of these objections, and in the course of so arguing, I deploy a distinction between “conceptual-scheme targetability”
and “successful conceptual-scheme targeting”.
相似文献
Victoria S. HarrisonEmail: |