The Power of Feelings

Abstract

The relationship between myth, the dream, narrative and career are explored in order to understand better the underlying factors that influence career development and will thus inform the work of career counsellors. A case study is used to illustrate how these insights can be used in practice.     

The Relationship between Power Perception and Couple's Conflict Management Strategy

Interpersonal conflict is integral to intimate spousal relationships, and while potentially destructive, it can also enhance sharing of feelings and thoughts and the sense of being loved. Its positive or negative effects partly rely on how partners deal with it. This study was conducted in Israel with 160 participants. All participants were Jewish and involved in long-term heterosexual intimate relationships (married/in a serious relationship). The study examines a model that suggests that perceived socioemotional and materialistic power of a couple predicts their conflict management strategies. In addition, we tested whether this relationship is mediated by perceived quality of spousal relationship. The perceived socioemotional power was found to predict only cooperative conflict management stratagies and only for women. It was also found that this correlation is mediated by the perceived quality of the relationship. This study enhances our understanding of the way individuals grapple with spousal conflicts and reveals the positive power that can be nurtured and embodied within the spousal relationship. In addition, this study reveals that the effect of power perception differs between men and women. Clinical and research implications for couple and family therapists are discussed, and suggestions for effective clinical practice in addressing marital power are given.     

团队权力分布差异对团队冲突的影响：程序公平和合法性的作用

近年来团队权力分布差异与团队冲突间关系受到了学界较大关注, 但相关研究结果仍存在分歧。通过对70个工作团队的调查, 探讨了团队权力分布差异对团队冲突(任务冲突、关系冲突)作用的边界条件。结果发现, 程序公平调节了两者间关系：当程序公平较高时, 团队权力分布差异与任务冲突、关系冲突负相关; 当程序公平较低时, 团队权力分布差异与任务冲突、关系冲突正相关。此外, 被中介的调节模型分析显示, 团队合法性感知中介了程序公平的上述调节作用。     

The World of Mad Men: Power,Surface and Passion

Mad Men is disturbing to post-millennium viewers, particularly those of a “certain” age, on three counts. First, it invokes a particular historical context of gender oppression; second it captures the prevailing post-War injunction that emotional distress is unseemly and distasteful; and third, it captures the zeitgeist's celebration of surface over substance in relationship. However, just as disturbing as these historically situated interpersonal premises is the niggling question that each relationship pairing and each episode leaves with the viewer. To wit: How much of the disconnection and the unrequited longings are reflective of a particular historical era, and to what degree do they reflect timeless aspects of character and relationship? Thus Mad Men provides an exquisitely rendered sociocultural tableau in which the viewer struggles, however articulated or not, with one of the essential knots of psychoanalytic as well as couples treatment: the complicated interpenetration of culture and character, of time and timelessness.     

Marital Therapy and Marital Power: Constructing Narratives of Sharing Relational and Positional Power

Scholars continue to emphasize in their conceptualizations of marital power the capacity to exert influence in the marital relationship based on the control of valued resources and status (positional power). Much less attention has been given to the capacity to exert authority in the marital relationship through the context of an intimate relationship and the opportunities for influence it provides (relational power). Strategies are suggested for co-authoring narratives with couples in the process of therapy that create opportunities for them to share these bases of power within their families in ways that free them from the negative constraints associated with cultural discourses about gender and power.     

辅助变元之于命题与量化布尔公式的作用

使用辅助变元来引入定义,在知识表达中是一个流行和有力的技巧,能够得到更短、更自然的编码而无需冗长的重复。这篇论文中,我们形式地定义了辅助变元的概念,检验了其表达力并讨论了有趣的相关应用。我们把以下两者联系起来:一是,反复使用中间结果而不通过定义重复;二是,布尔函数其他表达中的相似概念。特别的,我们表明带定义的命题逻辑与具有任意输出端的布尔线路以及约束变元满足Horn性质的存在量化布尔公式(记作(?)HORN~b)具有相同的表达力。本文还考虑了定义结构的限制,以及命题定义的扩充。特别的,我们检验了正命题定义与带存在量化的正定义之间的关系(或等价地,检验了(?)HORN~b公式和约束变元未被Horn限定的存在量化的CNF公式(记作(?)CNF~*)之间的关系)。对命题定义的进一步扩充,是允许在定义中使用任意的量词,或等价地,允许布尔公式的嵌入。我们还证明了,量化CNF公式中的约束变元的表达力,是由子句中被约束部分的极小不可满足子公式或极小假子公式的结构所决定的。     

The Power War: Male Response to Power Loss Under Equality

As many authors have pointed out, the relationship between the sexes is based on power, males having greater power than females. The continuing demand by women for equality is actually a demand for equal power, and if these strivings are successful, they will mean a loss of power for men. The male response to this anticipated power loss is the focus of this analysis. First, the scope of male power is described. Second, the importance of power to men is analyzed in terms of the male sex-role stereotype and the metamorphic effects of power use (Kipnis, 1976). Third, some likely responses of men to a loss of power are hypothesized. Finally, some suggestions for future research are outlined.     

社会交往情境中权力和反馈对情绪的影响

以往关于权力是否影响情绪的研究存在结果争议,这意味着可能存在其它因素的作用。本研究基于权力控制理论和社会距离理论,探究了社交情境中权力和反馈对情绪的影响。研究1采用经验取样法收集了140名被试五天内的1706段社交经历,研究2采用实验法考察了148名被试的社交经历。结果表明,权力和反馈对情绪存在交互影响:(1)当个体处于低权力情境时,反馈影响情绪,反馈越积极,情绪也越积极;(2)当个体获得积极反馈时,权力不影响情绪;当个体获得消极反馈时,权力影响情绪,权力越高,情绪相对更积极。本研究有助于厘清以往研究关于权力与情绪关系的争议。     

依恋回避对愤怒抑制的影响:亲密关系权力感的中介作用

依恋回避是指一个人不信任伴侣的好意,防御性地保持行为和情感的独立.愤怒抑制表示抑制愤怒情绪的外在表现.为了探讨依恋回避对愤怒抑制的影响及其内在机制,以具有恋爱经历的成年个体为被试,采用实验法和问卷法,先后对267人、101人、429人进行依恋回避、亲密关系权力感和愤怒抑制的测量,并检验中介作用.结果显示,在亲密关系中:...     

Comadres: The Healing Power of a Female Bond

The author discusses the use of comadre therapy in feminist psychotherapy. Within the Latino culture a comadre is the relationship between the mother and her child's godmother. Literally meaning co-mother, a comadre is special bond between women who are intimate friends. A clinical case is provided to illustrate the use of comadre therapy.     

Emotion-focused Therapy: The Transforming Power of Affect

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is an empirically supported humanistic treatment that views emotion as fundamental to experience, as contributing to both adaptive and maladaptive functioning, and as essential to therapeutic change. EFT combines both following and guiding the client’s experiential process, emphasizing the importance of both relationship and intervention skills. Utilizing markers of particular emotional processing difficulties at the core of client problems, therapists intervene with matched interventions aimed to resolve the emotional processing difficulty. This process helps clients access new adaptive emotional resources, transform maladaptive emotional responses, address emotional interruption and regulation, make sense of experience, and construct new meaning and self-narrative.     

Power increases infidelity among men and women

Data from a large survey of 1,561 professionals were used to examine the relationship between power and infidelity and the process underlying this relationship. Results showed that elevated power is positively associated with infidelity because power increases confidence in the ability to attract partners. This association was found for both actual infidelity and intentions to engage in infidelity in the future. Gender did not moderate these results: The relationship between power and infidelity was the same for women as for men, and for the same reason. These findings suggest that the common assumption (and often-found effect) that women are less likely than men to engage in infidelity is, at least partially, a reflection of traditional gender-based differences in power that exist in society.     

亲密关系中的权力认知

亲密关系中的权力是指亲密关系中的一方改变另一方的思想、情感和/或行为以使其与自己的偏爱相符合的能力或潜能,以及抵抗另一方施加影响企图的能力或潜能。二元权力——社会影响模型和权力的关系阶段模型是关于亲密关系中的权力的最新理论进展。研究者通常使用自评法、观察编码法和实验操纵法对亲密关系中的权力进行测量。亲密关系中的权力能够对认知、情绪情感、亲社会行为、攻击行为、性行为产生影响。在未来的研究中,应注意从社会关系的角度看待亲密关系中的权力,并探讨亲密关系中的权力与一般权力的关系、亲密程度对亲密关系中权力效应的影响、以及关系阶段对亲密关系中权力影响策略的影响。     

The Power of the Immediate Moment in Gestalt Therapy

This article discusses the gestalt therapy concept of the paradoxical theory of change and a method combining a dialogic relationship with active phenomenological focusing and experimenting. Fundamental change results from self-acceptance and not attempts to change based on self-rejection. This is supported by the characteristics of dialogic contact: inclusion, confirmation, authentic presence, and a commitment to what emerges between therapist and patient. The patient is taught how to be aware, including awareness of the awareness process, facilitating autonomous use of the method by the patient. Suggestions and cautions for practice are discussed. My thanks to Lynne Jacobs for help in writing this article     

Power and conflict in cooperative and competitive contexts

Power and conflict are classic research topics in organizational theory and important practical management issues. The goal of this article was to analyse the influence of supervisor power bases and goal interdependence situations over intragroup conflict. The study involved the participation of 401 workers from a range of social service organizations. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that (a) supervisor personal power bases were negatively associated with task and relationship conflict; (b) supervisor position power bases were positively associated with relationship conflict; (c) cooperative environments were negatively associated with task and relationship conflict; and (d) that goal interdependence moderates the negative consequences of the use of position power. The implications for research and managerial practices are discussed.     

Sisters of the Heart Along the Way: The Power of the Female Mentoring Relationship

Women's mentoring relationships with other women can have powerful effects on professional development and enrich the lives of both mentor and protégée. Women psychology students and early career psychologists are tasked with integrating their personal and professional identities and overcoming gender-related barriers to professional growth and career success. Mentors provide assistance negotiating these and other challenges to the junior professional's development. The author shares her experience as a woman student and early career psychologist in the context of her relationship with her woman mentor. She discusses her reconciliation of stereotyped beliefs about being a woman and a professional psychologist; processes significantly influenced by powerful characteristics of her mentoring relationship such as supportive encouragement, modeling, transparency, and spiritual connectedness. The author then explores the link between the relational qualities in the mentoring relationship and an enhanced overall approach to clinical work with patients. Last, the benefits of women's intimate relationships are discussed, followed by references that explore benefits and challenges, and models and strategies for women mentoring women. The author concludes that as a sister of the heart relationship, the mentoring bond between women can be a healing and empowering attachment.     

The Use of Social Bases of Power in Retail Sales

Abstract

Social power theory has been used to explain how a sales manager may influence sales personnel in an industrial sales setting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between retail sales managers' power bases and retail salespeople's job satisfaction, role conflict, role ambiguity, work motivation, organizational commitment, and job performance. Results of the study suggest that noncoercive sources of power have greater influence on these variables than does coercive power.     

权力对控制错觉的影响

本研究采用实验法探讨了权力及其合理性对控制错觉的影响。结果发现:（1）权力启动会对控制错觉产生影响,即相较于低权力,高权力会导致个体产生高估的控制错觉;（2）权力的合理性与权力水平在控制感上存在交互效应,即权力关系合理时,高权力导致高估的控制错觉,而权力关系不合理时,低权力导致高估的控制错觉。这表明控制错觉会受到动态的基于情境的权力关系以及权力合理性的影响。     

Power and perspectives not taken

Four experiments and a correlational study explored the relationship between power and perspective taking. In Experiment 1, participants primed with high power were more likely than those primed with low power to draw an E on their forehead in a self-oriented direction, demonstrating less of an inclination to spontaneously adopt another person's visual perspective. In Experiments 2a and 2b, high-power participants were less likely than low-power participants to take into account that other people did not possess their privileged knowledge, a result suggesting that power leads individuals to anchor too heavily on their own vantage point, insufficiently adjusting to others' perspectives. In Experiment 3, high-power participants were less accurate than control participants in determining other people's emotion expressions; these results suggest a power-induced impediment to experiencing empathy. An additional study found a negative relationship between individual difference measures of power and perspective taking. Across these studies, power was associated with a reduced tendency to comprehend how other people see, think, and feel.