基层党政领导干部的行为风格与自我和谐及工作绩效的关系

通过深度访谈和问卷探讨了基层党政领导干部的行为风格类型及其与自我和谐及工作绩效的关系。结果表明,党政领导干部的行为可以区分为主动自信、上恭下倨和宽上容下等三种稳定的类型,其中主动自信不仅有利于个体保持较高的内心和谐,而且有利于个体工作绩效的提高,而上恭下倨则与主动自信相反,宽上容下则既有有利于工作绩效和自我和谐的一面,又有不利于绩效和自我和谐的一面。对行为类型的年龄、级别和学历差异以及党政领导干部理想的行为风格也进行了讨论。     

基层党政领导干部对创造力人才特点的隐认知

该研究对48名基层领导干部的访谈和631名基层领导干部的问卷调查,通过访谈初步研究了基层领导干部的隐创造力概念,并在访谈基础上,通过因素分析等方法,编制了中国基层党政领导干部创造力人才特点量表。研究发现,中国基层领导干部对于创造力的理解更侧重于解决实际问题而非“无中生有”。在他们看来,创造力就是如何将现有的资源加以整合利用,在既定条件的约束下,用独特的方法来解决公共服务过程中面临的各种新老问题,并取得成效。中国基层领导干部的创造力人才特点包含工作灵活、激励带动：掌握新技术、敢于突破、善于学习5个维度,各维度之间有一定相关。     

领导干部的人格特点与工作绩效的关系：QZPS与NEO PI-R的比较

研究旨在探讨基层党政领导干部的人格特点与工作绩效之间的关系。中国人人格量表（QZPS）测量的人格的七个维度及其18个次级因素均与工作绩效的维度存在不同程度的相关,其中处世态度、人际关系和外向性与任务绩效绩效相关最高,处世态度、情绪性和行事风格与个人品质绩效绩效相关最高,而情绪性与他人评定绩效相关最高。人格因素可以解释自我评定绩效31. 7% ~ 49. 9%的变异,可以解释他人评定绩效6. 3% ~ 12. 8%的变异。而采用NEO PI-R测量人格时,所解释的工作绩效的变异只有QZPS的1/3左右。文中还讨论了工作绩效和人格结构的文化意义以及本土化研究的重要性     

摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为、人格、交通安全态度与事故的关系研究

本研究采用摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为问卷、中国人人格量表、感觉寻求量表和交通安全态度问卷,对800名摩托车驾驶员的驾驶行为、人格、交通安全态度与摩托车交通事故的关系进行了探讨.结果表明:摩托车驾驶员的人格、交通安全态度对驾驶行为有直接影响;驾驶行为、交通安全态度对事故有直接的影响;摩托车驾驶员的人格和交通安全态度也可通过驾驶行为间接影响事故.     

人格维度与行为抑制的相关研究

本研究旨在探讨人格特点与行为抑制之间的关系。680名被试完成了中国人人格量表(QZPS)和行为抑制量表(BIS),回归和相关分析的结果表明,对七种行为的抑制都与多个人格因素显著相关,相关系数在0.10-0.57之间。控制人格因素间的相关之后,进入每个预测行为抑制回归方程的人格因素分别为6-10个,能够解释17%-51%的变异。文中还对本研究的局限及进一步研究的方向进行了讨论。     

中国人的人格特点(VI):人际关系

人际关系人格维度包括宽和与热情两个次级因素,反映的是对待人际关系的基本态度。该研究依据本土化的中国人人格量表对中国人的人际关系人格维度及其两个次级因素的特点进行了分析,发现个体的性别、年龄、职业和婚姻状况均对人际关系产生不同程度的影响。总体上看,女性比男性对人更宽和,男性比女性对人更热情;年龄越大,人际关系分数越高;行政管理者比工人农民与和教科文卫人员人际关系分数更高,而婚姻状况也与年龄和性别一起影响个体的人际关系倾向。     

育儿风格对儿童发展的影响

回顾了近30年来国际有关育儿风格与儿童发展之关系的研究,包括育儿风格与儿童的学习成绩、社会能力、心理健康、人格特征及育儿风格与亲子关。在学校学习方面,研究发现权威型育儿风格与儿童和青少年更高的演绎推理能力、更强的优胜动机、较低的考试焦虑和使用更好的教室策略有关。在社会行为方面,权威型育儿风格与儿童延迟满足有关,儿父母高压、缺乏应答、高度心理控制这些因素与儿童的公然攻击行为有关。不当的育儿风格引起儿童的自恋人格障碍、多动症、A型行为、自尊、抑郁、自杀等。在亲子关系方面,权威型父母与子女的关系更好。大量研究表明,权威型育儿风格是积极的、支持的、民土的、交流的、严格要求的和温暖的,接受儿童,控制儿童行为,允许儿童的心理自治。这种风格通过规则的、理由充分的双向交流,向儿童提供思想,也从儿童得到大量思想,这种育儿风格对儿童青少年的发展是有利的。     

育儿风格对儿童发展的影响

回顾了近30年来国际有关育儿风格与儿童发展之关系的研究,包括育儿风格与儿童的学习成绩、社会能力、心理健康、人格特征及育儿风格与亲子关。在学校学习方面,研究者发现权威型育儿风格与儿童和青少年更高的演绎推理能力、更强的优胜动机、较低的考试焦虑和使用更好的教室策略有关。在社会行为方面,权威型育儿风格与儿童延迟满足有关,儿父母高压、缺乏应答、高度心理控制这些因素与儿童的公然攻击行为有关。不当的育儿风格引起儿童的自恋人格障碍、多动症、A型行为、自尊、抑郁、自杀等。在亲子关系方面,权威型父母与子女的关系更好。大量研究表明,权威型育儿风格是积极的、支持的、民主的、交流的、严格要求的和温暖的,接受儿童,控制儿童行为,允许儿童的心理自治。这种风格通过规则的、理由充分的双向交流,向儿童提供思想,也从儿童得到大量思想,这种育儿风格对儿童青少年的发展是有利的。     

中国人的人格特点（Ⅵ）：人际关系

人际关系人格维度包括宽和与热情两个次级因素,反映的是对待人际关系的基本态度.该研究依据本土化的中国人人格量表对中国人的人际关系人格维度及其两个次级因素的特点进行了分析,发现个体的性别、年龄、职业和婚姻状况均对人际关系产生不同程度的影响.总体上看,女性比男性对人更宽和,男性比女性对人更热情;年龄越大,人际关系分数越高;行政管理者比工人农民与和教科文卫人员人际关系分数更高,而婚姻状况也与年龄和性别一起影响个体的人际关系倾向.     

父母离异对子心理发展的影响:计票式文献分析途径的研究

采用计票式文献分析技术对国内1994-2005年间关于离异家庭子女心理特点的35篇研究进行了系统回顾,发现所有研究都报告了父母离异对子女心理发展存在消极影响。他们存在更多躯体化、强迫、焦虑、敌对、孤独、冲动等心理健康问题;行为问题发生率高于完整家庭对照组,主要表现为孤僻、退缩、抑郁、社交不良等行为问题;在人格方面更具神经质特征,表现出更强的掩饰性,人格倾向性容易出现过分内向或过分外向的两极化趋势;在自我意识方面更消极;在学业方面表现较差;知觉到更强的压力而且采用更消极的应对方式,有着更高的犯罪率和自杀意念。对目前研究方法上的不足之处进行了探讨,对国内外研究内容和结果上的差异进行了分析,对未来的研究方向提出了意见和建议。     

Relation of attitude toward body elimination to parenting style and attitude toward the body

The purpose was to estimate the relation of attitude toward body elimination in 93 college students (27 men and 66 women), to authoritarian personality features, participants' perception of their mothers' parenting style, and attitudes toward cleanliness, sex, and family nudity. Subjects were administered the Body Elimination Attitude Scale, the Four-item F Scale, the Parental Authority Questionnaire Pertaining to Mothers, and the items "Sex is dirty," "Cleanliness is next to godliness," and "Children should never see other family members nude." Larger scores for disgust toward body elimination were associated with authoritarian personality characteristics, being less likely to describe mother's parenting style as authoritative (open communication) and more likely to describe it as authoritarian and lower scores for tolerance for family nudity. Implications for further research were suggested.     

人格维度、自我和谐及行为抑制与心身症状的关系

研究旨在通过实证研究建立人格维度、自我和谐、行为抑制和心身症状之间关系的结构方程模型。对600余名被试问卷测量的相关、回归和结构方程模型分析表明,人格维度可以直接和/或通过行为抑制和自我和谐对心身症状有着正向或负向的预测作用,而且自我与经验的不和谐、行为抑制和心身症状本身都可以作为心理健康的指标,它们之间又存在密切的相互关系     

Adolescents' prosocial responses to ostracism: an experimental study

Ostracism can lead to strong behavioral responses, including diminished prosocial behavior. To date, experimental research examining this effect has only been conducted with adults. The current study consisted of 40 adolescents, half of whom were experimentally ostracized using the Cyberball paradigm. Participants' subsequent levels of pronounced prosocial behavior were measured, and personality traits were examined as possible moderators in participant behavioral responses. Results revealed that, compared to controls, ostracized adolescents showed less prosocial behavior, and this was moderated by having an "open" personality.     

The Utility of the MAPI in the Assessment of Depression

The relationships between the Millon Adolescent Personality inventory (MAPI; Millon, Green, & Meagher, 1982) and depression, as assessed by the Multiscore Depression Inventory (MDI; Berndt, 1968) were examined. Elevations on the MDI subscales were positively related to elevations on MAPI personality style Scale 2 (Inhibited) and Scale 8 (Sensitive) and on six of the eight MAPI expressed concerns scales. MAPI personality style Scale 4 (Sociable) and Scale 5 (Confident) were negatively correlated with the MDI. MAPI code types containing either Scale 2 or 8 were associated with a high MDI full-scale score. The subjects who received a MAPI computer-generated diagnosis of borderline personality disorder also had elevated MDI full-scale scores. The findings of this study appear consistent with the existing body of MAPI research, and the data suggest that the MAPI personality style scales may have both state and trait qualities.     

The utility of the MAPI in the assessment of depression

The relationships between the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (MAPI; Millon, Green, & Meagher, 1982) and depression, as assessed by the Multiscore Depression Inventory (MDI; Berndt, 1968) were examined. Elevations on the MDI subscales were positively related to elevations on MAPI personality style Scale 2 (Inhibited) and Scale 8 (Sensitive) and on six of the eight MAPI expressed concerns scales. MAPI personality style Scale 4 (Sociable) and Scale 5 (Confident) were negatively correlated with the MDI. MAPI code types containing either Scale 2 or 8 were associated with a high MDI full-scale score. The subjects who received a MAPI computer-generated diagnosis of borderline personality disorder also had elevated MDI full-scale scores. The findings of this study appear consistent with the existing body of MAPI research, and the data suggest that the MAPI personality style scales may have both state and trait qualities.     

Rule breakers and attention seekers: Personality predictors of integrity and accountability in leaders

Unethical leadership behavior can encourage follower CWBs and have costly organizational impacts. In this meta-analysis, we use data from 3,000 managers and executives to identify antecedents of ethical behaviors: integrity and accountability. Results suggest that many five factor model (Big Five) personality scales, personality derailers (dark side attributes), and values predict integrity and accountability. Leaders who are more conscientious, professional, and rule following and less attention seeking receive higher ratings of integrity and accountability. The strongest relationships were often for personality derailers (Excitable, Leisurely, Mischievous, Imaginative). Values and preferences (Aesthetics, Hedonism, Recognition) also had notable relationships. We discuss our results and their implications for organizations seeking to reduce CWBs, promote OCBs, or establish a climate of ethical behavior.     

青少年心理韧性与恶意创造性行为倾向的关系

恶意创造力因其独特的“危害性”而与一般创造力有所区分。积极的人格特质如心理韧性由于可以促进一般创造力但对恶意有所抑制, 故其对恶意创造力的影响尚不清楚。通过2个研究考察心理韧性与恶意创造力的关系及其作用机制, 以及心理韧性与应激对恶意创造力的共同作用。结果表明：心理韧性水平能够显著负向预测青少年的恶意创造性行为, 且主要通过积极应对方式对恶意创造性行为起作用; 心理韧性对恶意创造性行为的影响也会受到应激环境的调节, 即相对于非应激条件, 应激条件下削弱了积极应对方式对恶意创造性行为的抑制作用。这些结果表明有必要注重培养青少年的心理韧性以抵御外界环境的不良影响, 并正确引导其创造力的发展。     

Loneliness related to self-concept

The Differential Loneliness Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale were given to 30 persons attending a mental growth group (test group) and 36 adult students of psychology (the control group). Ages of the subjects ranged from 19 to 45 years. Self-concept was measured by Fitts' Tennessee Self-concept Scale and scored using both Clinical and Counselling forms. The first group showed greater loneliness, lower scores on physical self, and higher scores on moral-ethical self than the controls, and also had significantly lower scores on the neurosis scale and the defensive positive scale. A trend towards social maladjustment and personality disordered behavior was observed. Shyness and the typical introverted character for many Finns are discussed in connection with loneliness, social maladjustment, and lack of social skills.