澳门妈祖阁与妈祖信仰相关问题研究——兼答谭世宝先生的质疑

澳门妈祖阁"神山第一亭"内陆续发现的明代碑刻,表明该地建筑于万历年间的石亭是重建、而不是始建。明代前期漳州人的船队出没于香山南部沿海,应是他们最早将妈祖的香火带到澳门的港口——亚马港。澳门妈祖阁是国内保存最好的妈祖庙,庙内神像以佛教为主,另有道教、儒教的因素,这证明妈祖信仰宗教属性的多元性,它并非只属于儒教或是道教、佛教,而是一个三教合一的民间信仰。     

试析菲律宾华侨华人的妈祖信仰

菲律宾华侨于1572年在描东牙示省达亚社建造起第一座妈祖庙。此后,妈祖庙即在各地陆续建造起来,至20世纪60年代全菲共有妈祖庙100多座。作者通过分析认为:(1)菲律宾第一座妈祖庙当为福建晋江华侨所创建。(2)华侨把描东牙示省达亚社天主教堂中一尊菲人供奉的天主教女神当作妈祖来奉祀,是得到西班牙殖民当局因迫于无奈而默许的。(3)妈祖信仰在密切海峡两岸联系,促进祖籍国统一大业早日实现的过程中必将发挥一定的桥梁作用。     

中国北方妈祖文化中心——天津天后宫北大核心SSCI

天津天后宫是中国现存最早的妈祖庙之一,也是天津最古老的建筑群,是天津文化的发祥地和天津城市发展的历史见证。“先有天后宫,后有天津卫”之语家喻户晓,反映了天后宫早于天津设卫建城100多年的事实,揭示出妈祖文化与天津的深厚渊源。作为妈祖第一官庙,天津天后宫的影响力辐射南北,延及内陆省份,与福建湄洲妈祖庙、台湾北港朝天宫并列为我国三大妈祖庙。     

闽东"咸水"妈祖与"淡水"妈祖——以霞浦沿海渔村和福安沿江集市为例

本文以福建省霞浦沿海渔村和福安沿江集市的妈祖婆信仰为例,比较二者在鼎建宫庙、信仰人群、置办庙产、祭祀活动等方面的异同,探讨了闽东咸水区与淡水区妈祖信仰的地方性特征,以及妈祖信仰从闽东咸水区传播到淡水区的过程。     

妈祖崇拜与儒释道的融合

本文根据历史记载讨论了妈祖生前成长为谓洲屿女巫以及殁后被民间祀奉和受朝廷重视的情形，针对海内外妈祖庙供奉制度，分析其儒释道融合的特色，指出妈祖神庙中儒释道的圣像或神像一起供奉，这种形式上同在的现象，反映出佛道二教和民间信仰在中国传统的文化氛围，尤其是在儒家主导文化的影响下都有了涵化；儒释道的融会贯通是妈祖信仰最深刻的文化底蕴。     

妈祖信仰与道教关系调查研究

妈祖信仰的广泛社会影响,引来了儒、释、道三教对它的创造和吸收。文章结合文献资料和田野调查,试图在前人研究的基础上,从神话传说、有关经籍、妈祖祭祀活动以及宗教活动的组织和管理四方面,分析道教对妈祖信仰的影响。     

北京历史上的妈祖信仰综考

今天的北京似乎已没有海神天后(妈祖)信仰的踪迹.但是历史上的北京是否有妈祖信仰传播呢?答案是肯定的.北京作为元明清三朝国都,它同样见证过妈祖信仰在京师的传播和兴盛,但官方和民间信仰的原因各不相同.鉴于目前尚未见到该专题论著,故本文通过深入挖掘调查史料,对北京历史上的妈祖信仰作初步综合考述.     

妈祖——海峡两岸和平女神

妈祖又称天妃、天后、天上圣母。系道教女神之一。妈祖的奉祀起于北宋。北宋宣和五年 (1 1 2 3年 ) ,赐庙额曰顺济。南宋绍兴二十六年 (1 1 5 6年 )封灵惠夫人。元世祖至元十五年 (1 2 78年 ) ,再进爵为天妃。明清时期又多次加封。《正统道藏》所收《太上老君说天妃救苦灵验经》中称 :妈祖为斗中妙行玉女所化 ,受太上老君之命降生人间救民疾苦。明代由皇帝钦定妈祖为道教神 ,许多妈祖庙归入道观 ,由道士住持。     

从“显灵”的变迁看妈祖信仰的生存机制——以辽南为例

本文以辽南的妈祖信仰为对象,展示了妈祖显灵的变迁历程,关注了显灵的转变方式、方向:显灵的空间变化和神职功能转变使信仰获得生存合理性,显灵的道德指向和神灵存在形式转变使信仰获得生存合法性。     

视觉文化·妈祖信仰·社会性别——以中国传统木版年画为中心

中国传统木版年画是民间信仰的重要载体,它以独特的艺术形式表达着人们的宗教情怀和人生愿望。妈祖作为被"神化了的人物"为世人所敬仰、崇拜,成为辐射范围最广、影响力最强的女神之一。作为载体,中国传统木版年画不仅再现了妈祖的女神形象,更传递了她勇于牺牲与奉献精神。妈祖信仰传入天津后,与本地文化相结合,杨柳青年画不仅记录了天津皇会及民俗活动中的宏大场面,还在一定程度上巩固并加强了妈祖信仰在天津传播的社会影响力。因此,在充分肯定年画传承文化传统的作用与价值之同时,对于其所运用的传播方法及其媒介作用也应当给予足够的重视与解析。     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia

Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female brain may account for this greater improvement.     

Ethical Issues in Counselling in Education

It is suggested that there are two quite distinct Systems of ethics and practice in use by counsellors in education: the integrated model, which emphasises viewing the counsellor-institution relationship as theprimary ethical perspective; and the differentiated model, which emphasises the counsellor-client relationship as the starting point for an ethical understanding of the counsellor's role. The implications of these two perspectives for ethical issues relating to sources of referrai, issues of confidentiality, accountability for resources, the implications of role diffusion, and the outcomes of counselling, are examined. The ethical consequences of viewing the two Systems as reconcilable or incompatible are explored.