共查询到8条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Within the framework of (Unary) Pure Inductive Logic we investigate four possible formulations of a probabilistic principle of analogy based on a template considered by Paul Bartha in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [1] and give some characterizations of the probability functions which satisfy them. In addition we investigate an alternative interpretation of analogical support, also considered by Bartha, based not on the enhancement of probability but on the creation of possibility. 相似文献
2.
William Craig 《Synthese》2008,164(3):333-339
Work on how to axiomatize the subtheories of a first-order theory in which only a proper subset of their extra-logical vocabulary
is being used led to a theorem on recursive axiomatizability and to an interpolation theorem for first-order logic. There
were some fortuitous events and several logicians played a helpful role. 相似文献
3.
CHEN Lisheng 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2010,5(1):1
The different meanings of “courage” in The Analects were expressed in Confucius’ remark on Zilu’s bravery. The typological analysis of courage in Mencius and Xunzi focused on the shaping of the personalities of brave persons. “Great courage” and “superior courage”, as the virtues of “great men” or “shi junzi 士君子 (intellectuals with noble characters)”, exhibit not only the uprightness of the “internal sagacity”, but also the rich implications of the “external kingship”. The prototype of these brave persons could be said to be between Zengzi’s courage and King Wen’s courage. The discussion entered a new stage of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties, when admiration for “Yanzi’s great valor” became the key of various arguments. The order of “the three cardinal virtues” was also discussed because it concerned the relationship between “finished virtue” and “novice virtue”; hence, the virtue of courage became internalized as an essence of the internal virtuous life. At the turn of the 20th century, when China was trembling under the threat of foreign powers, intellectuals remodeled the tradition of courage by redefining “Confucius’ great valor”, as Liang Qichao did in representative fashion in his book Chinese Bushido. Hu Shi’s Lun Ru 论儒 (On Ru) was no more than a repetition of Liang’s opinion. In the theoretical structures of the modern Confucians, courage is hardly given a place. As one of the three cardinal virtues, bravery is but a concept. In a contemporary society where heroes and sages exist only in history books, do we need to talk about courage? How should it be discussed? These are questions which deserve our consideration. 相似文献
4.
P. Schlenker 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2007,36(3):251-307
Although it was traditionally thought that self-reference is a crucial ingredient of semantic paradoxes, Yablo (1993, 2004) showed that this was not so by displaying an infinite series of sentences none of which is self-referential but which, taken
together, are paradoxical. Yablo’s paradox consists of a countable series of linearly ordered sentences s(0), s(1), s(2),... , where each s(i) says: For each k >
i, s(k) is false (or equivalently: For no k >
i is s(k) true). We generalize Yablo’s results along two dimensions. First, we study the behavior of generalized Yablo-series in which each
sentence s(i) has the form: For Q k >
i, s(k) is true, where Q is a generalized quantifier (e.g., no, every, infinitely many, etc). We show that under broad conditions all the sentences in the series must have the same truth value, and we derive a characterization of those values of Q for which the series is paradoxical. Second, we show that in the Strong Kleene trivalent logic Yablo’s results are a special case of a more general fact: under
certain conditions, any semantic phenomenon that involves self-reference can be emulated without self-reference. Various translation procedures that eliminate self-reference from a non-quantificational language are defined and characterized.
An Appendix sketches an extension to quantificational languages, as well as a new argument that Yablo’s paradox and the translations
we offer do not involve self-reference. 相似文献
5.
6.
Cunningham CE Deal K Rimas H Buchanan DH Gold M Sdao-Jarvie K Boyle M 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(7):1123-1138
Although materials informing parents about children’s mental health (CMH) problems can improve outcomes, we know relatively
little about the design factors that might influence their utilization of available resources. We used a discrete choice conjoint
experiment to model the information preferences of parents seeking mental health services for 6 to 18 year olds. Parents completed
30 choice tasks presenting experimentally varied combinations of 20 four-level CMH information content, transfer process,
and outcome attributes. Latent class analysis revealed three segments with different preferences. Parents in the Action segment
(43%) chose materials providing step-by-step solutions to behavioral or emotional problems. They preferred weekly meetings
with other parents and coaching calls from a therapist. The Information segment (41%) chose materials helping them understand
rather than solve their child’s problems. These parents were more sensitive to logistical factors such as receiving information
in groups, the location where information was available, the modality in which the information was presented, and the time
required to obtain and use the information. The Overwhelmed segment (16%) reported more oppositional and conduct problems,
felt their children’s difficulties exerted a greater adverse impact on family functioning, and reported higher personal depression
scores than those in the Action or Information segments. Nonetheless, they did not choose information about, or solutions
to, the problems their children presented. Simulations predicted that maximizing utilization and realizing the potential benefits
of CMH information would require knowledge transfer strategies consistent with each segment’s preferences.
相似文献
Charles E. CunninghamEmail: |
7.
Dale Jacquette 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2006,35(3):293-316
An argument against multiply instantiable universals is considered in neglected essays by Stanislaw Lesniewski and I.M. Bochenski.
Bochenski further applies Lesniewski’s refutation of universals by maintaining that identity principles for individuals must
be different than property identity principles. Lesniewski’s argument is formalized for purposes of exact criticism, and shown
to involve both a hidden vicious circularity in the form of impredicative definitions and explicit self-defeating consequences.
Syntactical restrictions on Leibnizian indiscernibility of identicals are recommended to forestall Lesniewski’s paradox. 相似文献
8.
Xianglong Zhang 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(3):309-335
The reason for the emergence of consciousness of filial piety is that parental care could activate reciprocal filial piety.
Parental care and filial piety are two supplementary phenomena caused by the same time consciousness. Phenomenology neglects
consciousness of filial piety because it lacks the thinking that sees the fundamental “meaning of time” in the intersection
of “past” and “future”. The consciousness of filial piety can only be really constituted by a human being’s personal experience.
“Frustrations in personal life” and “breeding of children for oneself” are two occasions for an adult to fight against the
separating effect of individualized consciousness and regain awareness of filial piety.
Translated by Huang Deyuan from Beijing Daxue Xuebao 北京大学学报 (Journal of Peking University), 2006, (1): 14–24 相似文献