应当重视肿瘤微环境中外因的研究

长期以来,肿瘤学的几乎所有研究一直在关注肿瘤细胞本身,从哲学角度看这无疑是正确的。肿瘤细胞是肿瘤事件发生发展的内因。近年研究表明,肿瘤的外因,即肿瘤微环境中的非肿瘤细胞及其产物,对肿瘤的发生发展起着十分重要的作用。肿瘤微环境的外因,通过作用于内因选择了更具抵抗性的肿瘤细胞,促进了肿瘤的进展与转移。因此,重视肿瘤微环境的外因研究,对肿瘤治疗学将会开辟以外因为靶点干预的新思路。     

肝癌经皮无水酒精注射治疗存在的问题与思考

B超引导下经皮肝内肿瘤穿刺无水酒精注射是治疗原发性肝癌的一种新颖、有效、安全的方法,但存在多次B超引导穿刺、癌灶内酒精弥散不均和酒精浓度难以维持等问题,本文用哲学的方法就此进行分析,提出采用经皮穿刺导管置入术,可避免上述问题,并可实施其他治疗。     

导言：原发性肝癌的治疗策略

原发性肝癌是临床上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,全球发病率居第5位,死亡率居第3位。而我国肝癌发病人数约占全球的55％,在肿瘤相关死亡中仅次于肺癌,居于第二。近年来,原发性肝癌的诊治研究取得了显著进展,但是肝癌的总体疗效仍无明显改观。因此,规范化的肝癌治疗,为患者选择最佳首选和综合治疗方案,对提高肝癌的疗效和改善患者的预后具有...     

围肝癌根治切除术期需行经肝动脉化疗栓塞吗

经肝动脉化疗栓塞是原发性肝癌围手术期常见的辅助治疗手段。对于可手术切除的肝癌,化疗栓塞可以缩小肿瘤,提高可切除率;还可能清除潜在的肝内播散灶,减低术后的复发率。但介入治疗本身可以加重肝脏的损伤,并可能诱导肿瘤血管生长因子分泌,肿瘤血管增生等,增加肿瘤播散的机会。临床随机对照研究并没有发现围手术期化疗栓塞能提高肝癌患者的...     

肝癌肝移植与放弃治疗的伦理选择

探讨我国肝癌肝移植现状及其伦理要求.在我国卫生资源短缺且分配不公的形式下,肝移植手术大幅度增长的背后隐藏的是尖锐的伦理冲突.后现代主义哲学与伦理学,尤其是生命价值理论对放弃治疗予以理论支撑.在肝癌肝移植与放弃治疗的伦理冲突中,做出公平审慎的选择.     

肝癌治疗方法演化的回顾

肝癌治疗方法演化的回顾西安医科大学研究生（７１００６１）王锦波导师潘承恩,王居肝癌的发现及治疗在我国已有两千多年历史,两千年来的《内经》及《难经》中均有对肝癌的病因、症状、体征及治疗方法的描述,甚至其某些治疗方法一直沿用至今。祖国医学认为,肿瘤病因是...     

用哲学思维引领肝癌的现代治疗理念

肝癌的现代治疗原则已从单一的外科手术切除发展为多学科参与、多技术应用、多阶段序贯的综合治疗.但是,这一理念还远没有成为肝癌-临床实践中一以贯之的追求.相关学科之间缺乏经常性的、实质性的、富有成效的合作.其深层次的原因.是医师们专业越来越细化.仅仅从各自专业的视角看肝癌,缺乏哲学层面的深度思考.本文分别从医学本质、肝脏在人体中的定位、肝癌发生发展机制、肝癌的生物学和病理特点四个方面分析了肝癌治疗应有的人文取向、根本原则、现代理念和方式取舍,为进一步提升肝癌疗效提供思维方法上的参考.     

自然选择与肿瘤转移治疗新策略

微环境以自然选择的方式对肿瘤细胞亚群进行选择,使某些亚克隆更加倾向于向某些位置转移。微环境的自然选择是肿瘤转移的前提条件,始终贯穿于肿瘤发生发展的全过程,从自然选择的角度看肿瘤的转移,研究肿瘤转移需要的微环境,通过破坏转移前微环境,达到预防和治疗肿瘤转移的目的,将为肿瘤转移的治疗开创一条新路。     

用哲学思维引领肝癌的现代治疗理念

肝癌的现代治疗原则已从单一的外科手术切除发展为多学科参与、多技术应用、多阶段序贯的综合治疗。但是,这一理念还远没有成为肝癌临床实践中一以贯之的追求,相关学科之间缺乏经常性的、实质性的、富有成效的合作。其深层次的原因,是医师们专业越来越细化,仅仅从各自专业的视角看肝癌,缺乏哲学层面的深度思考。本文分别从医学本质、肝脏在人...     

自然选择与肿瘤转移治疗新策略

微环境以自然选择的方式对肿瘤细胞亚群进行选择,使某些亚克隆更加倾向于向某些位置转移.微环境的自然选择是肿瘤转移的前提条件,始终贯穿于肿瘤发生发展的全过程,从自然选择的角度看肿瘤的转移,研究肿瘤转移需要的微环境,通过破坏转移前微环境,达到预防和治疗肿瘤转移的目的,将为肿瘤转移的治疗开创一条新路.     

唯物辩证法在院前心肺复苏实践中的指导作用

在院前心肺复苏实践中,我们会遇到很多矛盾的问题。本文从唯物辩证法的角度出发,分析了院前心肺复苏中一些比较棘手的问题,并为解决这些问题提出建议,对从事院前急救的医学专业人士以及非医学专业人士均具有一定的启发意义。     

《巴门尼德》与柏拉图式辩证术

《巴门尼德》的主题是形相论(理念论)与辩证术,柏拉图式辩证术问题与他应对智术师运动及其背后的前苏格拉底“存在之战”直接相关。本文考察柏拉图改造修辞术为辩证术的过程和哲学意义,以此定位形相与辩证术的位置。《巴门尼德》的形相论批判和辩证术展示指向共同的目的,即呈现逻辑推理与范畴描述对于人类认识存在的作用及限度,并由此凸显辩证术对于哲学探究新路彳圣的意义,这篇对话传达了柏拉图对人类认识与存在之问的深刻反思。     

妇产科临床决策中的辩证思维

妇产科临床实践中处处可以体现辩证唯物主义哲学原理的作用,以辩证的思维去认识妇产科疾病,树立整体观念、认清病情发展的主要矛盾、建立个体化治疗的概念、认识疾病的本质、建立疾病预防的观念、密切关注病情的发展变化,有利于正确的,临床决策。     

论医学哲学的特征

医学哲学也称为医学辩证法,是在总结医学科学成就的基础上,通过对医学理论和实践中一般、普遍、共性问题的研究,揭示医学认识主体思维活动普遍规律的科学：是人们认识和处理健康和疾病问题的一般方法论。无论是与医学还是与哲学相比。医学哲学都有着显著的区别,运用对比分析的方法。对医学哲学的研究对象、理论体系特别是思维方式等不同方面的特征,进行理论探讨。     

Dialectics of Individual Life and Moral Law: On Adorno’s Non-Identical Moral Philosophy

The article aims to discuss the theme of Adorno’s non-identical moral philosophy, particularly the primacy of individual life over moral laws, as based mainly on his key works like Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life, On Subject and Object, Problems of Moral Philosophy, and Negative Dialectics. The claim here is that the primacy of individual life is made through negative dialectics (“non-idealist dialectics”) dealing with the antithesis between object and subject, particular and universal, individual and society under the theoretical horizon of non-identical philosophy. Meanwhile, as a private ethics, this non-identical moral philosophy based on individual life stands as a kind of negativism, which is focused on negative guidance towards the possibility of right life.     

Hegel and Derrida on the problem of reason and repression

In this paper I attempt to question central assumptions of Derrida's strategy of deconstruction by analyzing his critique of Hegel's notion of Aufhebung. Hegel's dialectics claims to sublate conflicting difference between not individuals in reconciled communal relations. Deconstruction exposes, however, how Hegel's dialectics leads not to reconciliation but the violent internment of différance; traces of repression reveal the limits of Hegelian reason. Yet by grasping Hegelian dialectics as a restricting economy involving repression, Derrida has difficulties accounting for the difference Hegel introduces between repressive and productive power. In his early philosophy of ethical life (1801-1803), Hegel differentiates between moral and legal coercion (Zwang) and ethical subjugation (Bezwingen). In Glas, as I seek to show, Derrida reduces the difference between these two economies of power without proper justification. Derrida's deconstructive interpretation of Hegelian dialectics thus takes part in the repressive relève it criticizes by limiting a difference in Hegel's discourse on power. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中医阴阳理论与辩证法矛盾论之比较

中医学理论是一门哲学与自然科学高度结合的理论,其核心理论阴阳理论直接来源于中国古代哲学的阴阳理论,其本质就是对立统一。但因学科原因,又有自己的特点。从中医阴阳理论的概念、内涵、理论的优势和局限性等方面对中医的阴阳理论与辨证法的矛盾理论作一表浅的比较,旨在找出其异同点。     

Construction of the Disciplinary,Academic, and Discourse Systems in the Contemporary Chinese Philosophy of Science and Technology: Retrospect and Prospect

A review of the decades of research shows that Chinese philosophy of science and technology, on the strength of carrying forward traditions and blazing new trails, has made progress in the construction of discipline system and development of institutions, teaching materials and periodicals, with deepening the discussion on discipline orientation. In academic system construction, driven by efforts to update the academic framework and deepen research on the philosophy of nature, philosophy of science, philosophy of technology, science, technology and society, as well as other traditional fields, achievements have been made in ethical reflections on high technology, engineering ethics, big data and artificial intelligence philosophy, responsible innovation and other emerging, frontier and crosscutting fields. In the construction of discourse system, work has been done to make China’s voice heard on the international stage, excavate and elucidate the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and build disciplines with Chinese characteristics. In short, the achievements of the Chinese philosophy of science and technology have not come easily. Though a diverse and dynamic academic pattern has been formed, and wonderful and unique Chinese discourse has been created, we still face some problems. To accelerate the construction of “Three Systems” of the philosophy of science and technology with Chinese characteristics by building on existing achievements, we should carry forward the tradition of dialectics of nature and strengthen the guidance of Marxism, consolidate the foundation of philosophy and support interdisciplinary interaction and cooperation, track the frontiers of science and technology, and pay attention to the social operation of science and technology.     

腰椎疾病病因、诊疗方法的研究

腰椎疾病近年来发病率呈上升趋势,以退行性疾病、腰椎间盘突出和骨折创伤为主要类型。从疾病起源、发展、转归的角度,结合自然辩证法的理论,针对腰椎疾病的病因、诊断标准、治疗方法及效果三个方面进行了阐述和展望。对哲学应用于临床实践和科研教学等方面的基本问题,如对疾病发展规律的研究,诊断理论的建构等,进行了论述。     

Contemporary Philosophy of Science in Italy: An Overview

The paper analyses the development of some themes in the contemporary philosophy of science in Italy. Section 1 reviews the dabate on the legacy of neopositivism. The spread of the philosophy of Popper is outlined in Section 2, with particular regard to the problem of the vindication of induction. Section 3 deals with the debate on the incommensurability thesis, while Section 4 examines its consequences on the possible relationships between historical and epistemological studies of science. The last section is devoted to one of the most recent trends in the Italian philosophy of science: the resumption of Aristotelian dialectics. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.