浅析当前中医药抗肿瘤最佳时机的选择

恶性肿瘤是导致人类死亡的主要原因，而目前固有的治疗手段似乎已达到一个瓶颈，传统中医药虽有一定疗效，但仍处于从属地位，如何选择恰当时机干预肿瘤，从而取得事半功倍的效果是当代中医学应当思考的问题。笔者结合中医学对恶性肿瘤的认识以及目前中医药抗肿瘤现状，探讨选择最佳时机在中医药抗肿瘤事业中的重要意义，并初步认为中医药抗肿瘤最...     

生存·发展·创新——对20世纪中医学发展道路的反思

为了中医学的生存和发展,中医药研究人员苦苦思索着中医学的本质,探索着中医学的现代化道路。目前中医学在研究思路和方法上仍存在一些问题,因此回顾和总结现代中医学及中西医结合医学的发展状况,有利于我们认清中医学的发展形势,发现其中存在的问题,寻求解决问题的方法。     

生存·发展·创新——对20世纪中医学发展道路的反思

为了中医学的生存和发展,中医药研究人员苦苦思索着中医学的本质,探索着中医学的现代化道路.目前中医学在研究思路和方法上仍存在一些问题,因此回顾和总结现代中医学及中西医结合医学的发展状况,有利于我们认清中医学的发展形势,发现其中存在的问题,寻求解决问题的方法.     

不同病期肿瘤患者的治疗选择

肿瘤从早期到晚期,需要选择不同的治疗手段来达到不同的治疗目的。从早期的根治性治疗到晚期的支持性治疗,随着肿瘤进展,抗肿瘤治疗强度从弱到强,到晚期又减弱。从能保证病人的生存质量到仅能减轻病人的癌性痛苦。这是肿瘤矛盾转化的必然结果,是抗肿瘤治疗的正确选择。     

浅谈肿瘤患者医患共同决策的临床实践

正随着社会经济的不断发展,人民物质生活水平的提高,肿瘤疾病的发病率也在持续升高。无论城市还是农村,肿瘤都是我国居民死亡的主要原因之一,而肺癌则是目前肿瘤中的头号杀手。因此,有针对性地开展对肺癌的早期筛查成为了当前工作的重中之重。恶性肿瘤是特殊的疾病,其临床决策过程具有更高的复杂性和特殊性,在临床工作中也需要多次与患者及其家属进行沟通。笔者将结合自身在江苏省肿瘤医院与临床肿瘤患者的沟通经历,对医患共同决策的相关问题做一浅释及     

非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗的前途与困惑

靶向治疗是运用抗肿瘤药物靶向性与肿瘤的不同特异性住点结合发生作用从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长的一种治疗手段。针对恶性肿瘤中的非小细胞肺癌,其在临床中取得了一定成效。然而,其中仍存在很多问题。本文针对吉非替尼在非小细胞肺癌中的运用,及其优点和所面临的问题,阐述如何应对完善靶向治疗的挑战。     

非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗的前途与困惑

靶向治疗是运用抗肿瘤药物靶向性与肿瘤的不同特异性住点结合发生作用从而抑制肿瘤细胞生长的一种治疗手段.针对恶性肿瘤中的非小细胞肺癌,其在临床中取得了一定成效.然而,其中仍存在很多问题.本文针对吉非替尼在非小细胞肺癌中的运用,及其优点和所面临的问题,阐述如何应对完善靶向治疗的挑战.     

我国肺癌早期筛查现状分析

肺癌是中国发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。有效的筛查和早期诊断手段能显著降低肺癌的病死率。目前筛查的内容首先要确定肺癌高危人群,其次选择合适筛查方法,包括痰细胞学、肿瘤标志物、影像学等。对于筛查阳性的对象需要进行活检并通过组织病理学或细胞病理学检查明确是否为肺癌,采取有效干预措施。此外,肺癌筛查还需要从卫生经济学角度出发,结合中国当前经济、文化、社会发展水平,以及个人保健意愿充分考虑。总之,肺癌筛查需要根据中国的具体情况,评估制定并实施符合中国特点的筛查策略及质控措施。     

健康中国建设与当代道教的原创发展北大核心CSSCISSCI

道教和中医学都是我国本土文化的典型代表,在当代的语境中也都面临着原创发展的问题。对中医学来说,《中医药法》的颁布实施在一定程度上保障了中医药基于自身发展规律的自主发展,但是也有学者指出,该部法律的有关条文和中医药的原创精神之间尚存在一定距离,因此值得进一步商榷。     

恶性肿瘤动物模型的建立

建立恶性肿瘤动物模型是医学科研工作者重要的研究手段。恶性肿瘤的自发肿瘤模型,诱发肿瘤模型和移植肿瘤模型有着各自的机体与外界施加因素之间对立平衡,对界因素逐渐同体所转化和接纳,最终导致肿瘤形成,同时机体也荷瘤。因此,任何影响动物和施加固的条件均可促进和减弱肿瘤形成的起始,进展,结局。就三种恶性肿瘤动物模型建立过程中启示呈现出来,并对不同模型特点和选择进行评述。     

The Use of Prescanning in the Parameterization of Sequential Pointing and Reaching Movements

The accuracy of reaching movements improves when active gaze can be used to fixate on targets. The advantage of free gaze has been attributed to the use of ocular proprioception or efference signals for online control. The time course of this process, however, is not established, and it is unclear how far in advance gaze can move and still be used to parameterize subsequent movements. In this experiment, the authors considered the advantage of prescanning targets for both pointing and reaching movements. The authors manipulated the visual information and examined the extent to which prescanning of targets could compensate for a reduction in online visual feedback. In comparison with a conventional reaching/pointing condition, the error in pointing was reduced, the eye-hand lead decreased, and both the hand-closure time and the size of the maximum grip aperture in reaching were modulated when prescanning was allowed. These results indicate that briefly prescanning multiple targets just prior to the movement allows the refinement of subsequent hand movements that yields an improvement in accuracy. This study therefore provides additional evidence that the coordinate information arising from efference or ocular-proprioceptive signals can, for a limited period, be buffered and later used to generate a sequence of movements.     

The use of prescanning in the parameterization of sequential pointing and reaching movements

The accuracy of reaching movements improves when active gaze can be used to fixate on targets. The advantage of free gaze has been attributed to the use of ocular proprioception or efference signals for online control. The time course of this process, however, is not established, and it is unclear how far in advance gaze can move and still be used to parameterize subsequent movements. In this experiment, the authors considered the advantage of prescanning targets for both pointing and reaching movements. The authors manipulated the visual information and examined the extent to which prescanning of targets could compensate for a reduction in online visual feedback. In comparison with a conventional reaching/pointing condition, the error in pointing was reduced, the eye-hand lead decreased, and both the hand-closure time and the size of the maximum grip aperture in reaching were modulated when prescanning was allowed. These results indicate that briefly prescanning multiple targets just prior to the movement allows the refinement of subsequent hand movements that yields an improvement in accuracy. This study therefore provides additional evidence that the coordinate information arising from efference or ocular-proprioceptive signals can, for a limited period, be buffered and later used to generate a sequence of movements.     

中医文化的二元结构对中医医院管理的意义

中医文化的二元结构是指其所反映的时代特征与其历史局限性的对立统一,主要体现在三个方面：封闭性与开放性的对立统一、排斥性与包容性的对立统一、稳定性与离散性的对立统一。这种二元结构对中医医院管理而言,即形成了明显的文化优势,也因某些积习而设置了文化障碍。     

语言学:医者的利器

在古代和中世纪,语言学是哲学的一部分,那时语言学还不是独立的科学.当今这两门学问都有了同样发展,对于医者的作用都很大[1].     

一种应用于中医阴阳五行诊断学说的次协调逻辑(英文)

中医阴阳五行学说博大情深,是中医辨证论治的理论基础,也是指导中医临床诊断与治疗的基本原理,因此对于中医的理论与实践都有着十分重要的价值。但长期以来,一直缺乏对该学说进行严格的形式化研究,使之难以与不断发展中的中医现代化进程相适应。本文就是在这一学说核心内容的基础上,介绍引入次协调逻辑、缺省推理逻辑等先进逻辑来与中医诊断学结合的思想和方法,这样的目的是为今后构造一种符合中医诊断原则的中医阴阳五行推演逻辑系统作准备,该逻辑系统将用来描述基本的中医辨证推演过程。     

Beyond the three-component model of organizational commitment

This article offers a conceptual critique of the three-component model (TCM) of organizational commitment (Allen & Meyer, 1990) and proposes a reconceptualization based on standard attitude theory. The authors use the attitude-behavior model by Eagly and Chaiken (1993) to demonstrate that the TCM combines fundamentally different attitudinal phenomena. They argue that general organizational commitment can best be understood as an attitude regarding the organization, while normative and continuance commitment are attitudes regarding specific forms of behavior (i.e., staying or leaving). The conceptual analysis shows that the TCM fails to qualify as general model of organizational commitment but instead represents a specific model for predicting turnover. The authors suggest that the use of the TCM be restricted to this purpose and that Eagly and Chaiken's model be adopted as a generic commitment model template from which a range of models for predicting specific organizational behaviors can be extracted. Finally, they discuss the definition and measurement of the organizational commitment attitude. Covering the affective, cognitive, and behavioral facets of this attitude helps to enhance construct validity and to differentiate the construct from other constructs.     

Does contextual cuing guide the deployment of attention?

Contextual cuing experiments show that when displays are repeated, reaction times to find a target decrease over time even when observers are not aware of the repetition. It has been thought that the context of the display guides attention to the target. The authors tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of guidance in a standard search task with the effects of contextual cuing. First, in standard search, an improvement in guidance causes search slopes (derived from Reaction Time x Set Size functions) to decrease. In contrast, the authors found that search slopes in contextual cuing did not become more efficient over time (Experiment 1). Second, when guidance was optimal (e.g., in easy feature search), they still found a small but reliable contextual cuing effect (Experiments 2a and 2b), suggesting that other factors, such as response selection, contribute to the effect. Experiment 3 supported this hypothesis by showing that the contextual cuing effect disappeared when the authors added interference to the response selection process. Overall, the data suggest that the relationship between guidance and contextual cuing is weak and that response selection can account for part of the effect.     

发挥中药在肿瘤症状处理中的作用——兼谈结直肠癌的中医“病证结合辨治”

改善症状是中医治疗晚期恶性肿瘤的优势,但简单的对症治疗显然体现不了中医的特色;辨证论治虽然是中医治疗的核心,但在对癌病本质的把握上缺乏理论和实践的支撑;单一的辨病论治强调以毒攻毒,却不能改善症状及预后。本文作者以对结直肠癌的治疗为例,认为抓主症,将病证与辨治相结合,有望较好地解决“症”“证”“病”三者的关系,在改善症状...     

结直肠癌患者术后寻求中医药治疗的质性研究

为了解结直肠癌术后患者寻求中医药治疗的目的、体验、信念.采用目的抽样的办法,选取18位结直肠癌术后患者进行个人深入访谈.发现结直肠癌术后的患者,选择中医药治疗的目的主要有以下几个方面：减轻放、化疗的不良反应,使身体尽快恢复,提高生活质量,防止复发转移等.随着治疗的进行,患者对中医的认识逐步提高.中医药的疗效主要体现在各种症状及客观指标的改善上,近期良好的治疗体验使患者对实现远期目标更具信心.     

中医药学将走向何方

由于中医缺乏形态学,中医没有成熟的科学实验,中医的诊断很难标准化、客观化,理论逻辑的致命弱点,理论体系难以重构,所以中医药学在很长一段时间内将保留下来之后,随着中医药学的理论体系的缺陷无法克服,原有的中医药体系必然解体,其中有部分内容融入现代医学。中医药学的归宿就是逐渐融入现代医学。