伞雾状喷药湿化气管插管的效果观察

探讨伞雾状气管内喷药湿化气道对气管插管内痰痂形成的影响.将62例气管插管患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用伞雾状气管内滴药器给予气管内脉冲式喷药,对照组用5ml注射器滴药传统的湿化方法.观察组较对照组痰痂形成少,痰痂阻管程度轻,肺部感染率低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).伞雾状气管内喷药湿化气管插管优于传统的湿化方法.     

Narcotrend监测下右美托咪定对冠心病患者麻醉诱导期血流动力学的影响

观察Narcotrend监测下右美托咪定联合丙泊酚靶控输注用于冠心病患者非心脏手术麻醉诱导时对血流动力学的影响.合并冠心痛行非心脏手术患者40例,随机分为两组：Dex组（n=20,患者在诱导前静脉泵注右美托咪定0.5μg/kg,15min内输注完毕）,对照组（n=20,等量生理盐水,方法同Dex组）.记录给药前后及诱导期间患者的血流动力学变化.对照组在气管插管即刻以及气管插管3min后血流动力学指标值均高于插管前,气管插管5min后平均动脉压（MAP）低于插管前（P＜0.05）,Dex组无明显差异.麻醉诱导前15min静脉注射0.5μg/kg右美托咪定可以使冠心病患者丙泊酚靶控输注诱导期间血流动力学更加平稳.     

LED可视光索插管系统与视可尼气管插管对患者舒适安全性的临床研究

探究LED可视光索插管系统、视可尼与喉镜气管插管对患者口腔黏膜、软组织及牙齿损伤发生率的差异,观察两种气管插管方式的插管时间,血流动力学和氧饱和度的变化。选自2014年1月~2015年11月在笔者所在医院行全麻气管插管患者176例,随机分成L组(LED可视光索插管系统组)和S组(视可尼组)。观察插管时间、插管次数、损伤情况及对血液动力学和血氧饱和度的变化,并进行统计学分析。两组插管成功率均达到95%以上,S组平均插管时间为(40.1±6.6)s,L组平均插管时间为(35.4±7.3)s,两组插管时间差异有统计学意义。两组血流动力学的改变,差异无统计学意义。L组的不良反应发生率明显低于S组。LED可视光索插管系统用于气管插管,方便快捷,损伤程度最小。在相同麻醉深度下,全麻诱导期使用LED可视光索插管系统或视可尼气管内插管均可保持患者循环系统稳定,且LED可视光索插管系统相对不良反应更低,值得推广。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同麻醉方式对眼内压的影响

探讨全麻喉罩复合硬膜外阻滞麻醉对腹腔镜胆囊切除患者眼内压（IOP）的影响,60例患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除患者根据麻醉方式的不同随机分为全麻喉罩复合硬膜外阻滞组（A 组）与气管插管全麻组（B 组）,每组各30例。记录麻醉前（T0）、气管插管（置入喉罩）前（T1）、气管插管（置入喉罩）后即刻（T2）、CO2气腹后10min（T3）、术毕患者清醒拔除气管导管（喉罩）前（T4）时的 IOP 。结果显示：喉罩全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于腹腔镜胆囊切除,与单纯气管插管全麻比较,可有效降低患者在诱导插管、CO2气腹与患者清醒吸痰、拔管所引起的 IOP 升高反应（P＜0．05）。     

一次性双管喉罩在泌尿外科侧卧位手术中应用探讨

观察一次性双管喉罩全屏静脉麻醉与气管插管全屏静脉在泌外侧卧位手术中对患者循环及并发症的影响。选取泌尿外科侧卧位手术患者60例,随机分为两组,每组30例,A组为双管喉罩组,B组为气管插管组,记录麻醉前（T1）及建立气道后1min（T2）、建立后5min（T3）,拔管后1min（T4）、拔管后5min（T5）对应时刻平均动...     

术前人文关怀对肺癌手术患者全麻诱导心理和生理的影响

为探讨术前进行人文关怀式沟通和健康教育对肺癌手术患者全麻诱导后心理和生理的影响,将83例非同期别的肺癌手术患者（均采用全身麻醉,双腔管气管插管辅助通气）分成两组。观察组进行人文关怀式沟通,对照组采用普通沟通。判定方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）,根据焦虑评分反映两组患者入院即刻及手术前的心理变化情况,监测全麻诱导即刻与全麻诱导气管插管后5min患者平均动脉压（MBP）的波动、心率（HR）的变化,用两个时间段两个变量的差值来反映两组患者全麻诱导期发生心理和生理反应的情况。结果显示,两组患者入院即刻焦虑差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;手术前SAS评分两组患者较入院即刻降低（P〈0．05）,并且观察组与对照组相比下降更明显（P〈0．01）;观察组患者MBP波动无统计学意义（P〉0．05）、HR波动有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。因此,证实人文关怀式沟通和健康教育能够减轻肺癌患者在心理和生理两个方面对麻醉和手术产生的不良反应。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼对Disposcope内窥镜气管插管血流动力学的影响

为评价不同剂量舒芬太尼复合靶控输注丙泊酚对Disposcope内窥镜气管插管血流动力学的影响,选择60例择期行气管插管全身麻醉患者,依据不同剂量舒芬太尼,分为三组（n=20）：A组0.2μg/kg,B组0.3μg/kg与C组0.4μg/kg.结果显示插管后1min,A组呼吸频率（HR）、收缩压（SBP）明显高于B组与C组（P＜0.05）;插管时,C组SBP＜90mmHg的例数明显多于A组与B组（P＜0.05）;插管后1min～5min期间,A组SBP＞140mmHg、HR＞90次/分的例数明显多于B组与C组（P＜0.05）,而C组HR＜60次/分的例数明显多于A组与B组（P＜0.05）.因此,0.3μg/kg舒芬太尼复合靶控输注丙泊酚诱导Disposcope内窥镜气管插管血流动力学稳定.     

不同剂量舒芬太尼对Disposcope内窥镜气管插管血流动力学的影响

为评价不同剂量舒芬太尼复合靶控输注丙泊酚对Disposcope内窥镜气管插管血流动力学的影响,选择60例择期行气管插管全身麻醉患者,依据不同剂量舒芬太尼,分为三组(n=20):A组0.2μg/kg,B组0.3μg/kg与C组0.4μg/kg.结果显示插管后1min,A组呼吸频率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)明显高于B组与C组(P＜0.05);插管时,C组SBP＜90mmHg的例数明显多于A组与B组(P＜0.05);插管后1min～5min期间,A组SBP＞140mmHg、HR＞90次/分的例数明显多于B组与C组(P＜0.05),而C组HR＜60次/分的例数明显多于A组与B组(P＜0.05).因此,0.3μg/kg舒芬太尼复合靶控输注丙泊酚诱导Disposcope内窥镜气管插管血流动力学稳定.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚应用于大样本小儿外科手术麻醉前用药分析

为了观察盐酸戊乙奎醚(PHC)应用于小儿外科手术麻醉前用药效果及不良反应,选取1 535例小儿外科手术,随机分为三组,观察麻醉前用药唾液分泌量、体温和血流动力学变化.结果发现气管插管和拔管时,三组分泌物量有差异(P＜0.01).三组基础体温无差异(P＞0.05),组内有差异(P＜0.05).三组基础心率无差异(P＞0.05),组内有差异(P＜0.01).三组平均动脉压无差异(P＞0.05).因此PHC 0.04mg/kg应用于小儿外科手术麻醉前用药,能有效抑制唾液腺分泌,维持体温和血流动力学稳定.     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对肝肿瘤并高血压患者硬膜外复合全身麻醉诱导期的脑保护作用

观察预注高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对肝肿瘤合并高血压患者硬膜外复合全身麻醉诱导期的脑保护作用。选择50例患有高血压ASA分级Ⅱ级～Ⅲ级肝肿瘤手术患者,随机分为高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液(H)组和复方氯化钠(复方乳酸林格液R)组,每组25例。于输注前(T0)、输注完毕即刻(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、气管插管后5min(T3)、气管插管后15min(T4)、气管插管后30min(T5)抽取静脉血离心后检测血清中S100B、IL-6、TNF-a的浓度。与T0点相比,H组,T5点S100B轻度降低但无统计学差异(P0.05),IL-6、TNF-a无明显变化(P0.05);R组在T5点S100B明显上升(P0.01);IL-6、TNF-a明显上升(P0.05或P0.01)。与R组相比,H组患者在T3-5时点S100B、IL-6和TNF-a均低(P0.05或P0.01)。结论为预注高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液在肝肿瘤合并高血压患者硬膜外复合全身麻醉诱导期具有脑保护作用。     

Comparison of matching and drawing in the perception of shape at various intelligence levels

The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 The tendency toward shape constancy was investigated using both the traditional matching technique of Thouless and free-hand drawing of the stimulus object. Data were obtained for college students and for institutionalized feebleminded Ss at three levels of intelligence. The previous observation that Ss of higher intelligence level produce a lower tendency toward shape constancy, as measured by the matching method, was confirmed. With the drawing method, the same trend was observed but the differences among groups were exaggerated. The sensitivity of measures of perceived shape to experimental as well as nonexperimental variables is discussed.     

Gesturing and naming: the use of functional knowledge in object identification

Studies using functional imaging show reliable activation of premotor cortex when observers view manipulable objects. This result has led to the view that knowledge of object function, particularly the actions associated with the typical use of objects, may play a causal role in object identification. To obtain relevant evidence regarding this causal role, we asked subjects to learn gesture-color associations and then attempt to identify objects presented in colors denoting functional gestures that were congruent or incongruent with the objects' use. A strong congruency effect was observed when subjects gestured the use of an object, but not when they named an object. We conclude that our procedure constitutes a sensitive measure of the recruitment and causal role of functional knowledge and that this recruitment is not present during object naming. Preliminary evidence, however, indicates that gestures evoked by the volumetric shape of an object do contribute to object naming.     

Show me your eyes: Evidence from Williams syndrome

The present paper reports two experiments that investigate the critical features of an object shape that automatically elicit recognition. Silhouettes of real objects (targets) and meaningless patterns (fillers) in both canonical and non-canonical formats were presented to subjects, in an attempt to test whether information about the global shape of an object was sufficient for automatic object identification. In Experiment 1, target-filler discriminability was evaluated by means of a reality-decision task. In Experiment 2, subjects had to perform an elongationdecision task, previously shown to be sensitive to the influence of automatically activated object identities (Dell'Acqua & Job, 1998). Contrary to the previous findings, the present study shows that, although silhouettes were identified with surprising good accuracy in the reality-decision task, effects of object identity on the elongation-decision task were negligible.     

Level of object representation and psychic structure deficit in obese persons

The structural deficit and external regulation hypotheses of addiction state that addicts do not have adequate psychic structure with which to regulate painful affects internally. They instead use their drug of choice as an external regulator to self-medicate painful affects. This study tests whether the hypotheses can be applied to obese persons, for whom food may be the drug of choice. The level of object representation of 22 moderately obese and 24 normal weight subjects was compared using the Blatt Family Interaction Questionnaire. The mean level of object representation of both parents was lower for the obese subjects than for the normal-weight subjects. This finding supports the structural deficit and external regulation hypotheses of food addiction.     

成功心肺复苏的合适急救团队人数的研究

探讨成功心肺复苏中合适的急救团队人数。采用回顾性分析方法,对64例实施心肺复苏成功的心搏骤停患者临床资料进行对比分析。医生3人～4人组完成高质量胸外按压（46．9％）、气管插管（42．2％）的比率高于1人～2人组（P〈0．05）,护士4人～5人组高质量完成相关操作优于2人～3人组（P〈0．05）。医师3人～4人、护士4...     

Language comprehenders mentally represent the shapes of objects

We examined the prediction that people activate perceptual symbols during language comprehension. Subjects read sentences describing an animal or object in a certain location. The shape of the object or animal changed as a function of its location (e.g., eagle in the sky, eagle in a nest). However, this change was only implied by the sentences. After reading a sentence, subjects were presented with a line drawing of the object in question. They judged whether the object had been mentioned in the sentence (Experiment 1) or simply named the object (Experiment 2). In both cases, responses were faster when the pictured object's shape matched the shape implied by the sentence than when there was a mismatch. These results support the hypothesis that perceptual symbols are routinely activated in language comprehension.     

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) recognize spatial and object correspondences between a scale model and its referent

In the present study, the contributions of spatial and object features to chimpanzees' comprehension of scale models were examined. Seven chimpanzees that previously demonstrated the ability to use a scale model as an information source for the location of a hidden item were tested under conditions manipulating the feature correspondence and spatial-relational correspondence between objects in the model and an outdoor enclosure. In Experiment 1, subjects solved the task under two conditions in which one object cue (color or shape) was unavailable, but positional cues remained. Additionally, performance was above chance under a third condition in which both types of object cues, but not position cues, were available. In Experiment 2, 2 subjects solved the task under a condition in which shape and color object cues were simultaneously unavailable. The results suggest that, much like young children, chimpanzees are sensitive to both object and spatial-relational correspondences between a model and its referent.     

Towards a Cultural Psychoanalysis in the Hindu Himalaya. Part One: Interweaving Selves

This article explores the intrapsychic influences of traditional Hindu patterns of caregiving on the formation of the inner object world, with emphasis on the notion of object constancy. The essay is the first of a three-part series that pursues a culture-based approach to reformulating post-Freudian psychoanalysis in Hindu settings.     

Implicit sound symbolism in lexical access: evidence from an interference task

K?hler (1929) reported anecdotally that, when asked to choose, subjects were much more likely to attach the name 'takete' to a spiky abstract object, and the name 'baluma' (or, by 1947, 'maluma') to a curvy abstract object. Follow-up work has suffered from the same three weaknesses as K?hler's original anecdotal study: a reliance on small number of stimuli carefully selected by the experimenter; the use of manipulations that were transparent to the subject; and the use of overtly semantic tasks. This paper reports two experiments that replicate and extend K?hler's claims using an implicit interference task that allows for multiple measures per subject, and does not require subjects to make explicit decisions about the relation between visual form and meaning. Subjects undertook a lexical or letter decision task with the stimuli presented inside spiky or curvy frames. Reaction times show interference patterns consistent with K?hler's claims. This demonstrates that the effect is pre-semantic. Neurological reasons for these word/shape and character/shape interference phenomena are discussed.     

EFFECTS OF CATEGORIZATION ON COLOR PERCEPTION

Abstract— Subjects were shown simple objects and were asked to reproduce the colors of the objects Even though the objects remained on the screen while subjects reproduced the colors and the objects' shapes were irrelevant to the subjects' task, subjects' color perceptions were influenced by the shape category of an object. For example, objects that belonged to categories with redder objects were judged to be more red than identically colored objects belonging to another category. Further experiments showed that the object categories that subjects use, rather than being fixed, depend on the objects to which subjects are exposed.