颅脑手术治疗药物成瘾要慎重从事

国内近日屡有报道,用颅内定向手术损毁相应神经结构治疗药物成瘾者,收到一定效果.笔者从神经生理学、神经生物化学、生理心理学角度审视它,认为这种手术疗法可能面临种种不确定性.     

看电影能治心理疾病

在美国加州,如今兴起一种新的治疗方法。如果你情绪不好、心理压力过重或是紧张消沉,那么医生会为你开一个特别“处方”一看好莱坞影片,这种疗法被称作电影疗法。这种疗法之所以仅仅在加利福尼亚最为风行,是因为加州有心理问题的人特别多,还因为美国电影王国好莱坞就在这个州,所以很自然地这个州就兴起了“电影疗法”。     

多重模型疗法

多重模型疗法(Multimodel Therapy)是由美国的拉扎勒斯(Arnold A.Lazarus)创立的。拉扎勒斯早年是行为疗法的先驱者之一,他与沃尔普(Wolpe)合作的诸多论著对美国行为疗法的兴旺起了很大作用。在七十年代,拉扎勒斯便卓有远见地把认知疗法与行为疗法结合,提出了多重模型疗法的雏型。这样,他又成了认知行为疗法的开创者之一。到了1981年他的《多重模型疗法的实践》一书的出版便大致宣告了这种疗法的定型。鉴于这种疗法特有的辩证、综合、灵活的特点,我认为向国内的心理治疗家们推荐这种疗法是有价值的。本文是基于拉扎勒斯有关论文与著作而写成的一篇介绍性文章。从实用角度考虑,主要介绍其治疗技巧。     

缓解应激障碍的报告

罗某、男、25岁、性格暴躁、情感脆弱、情绪失控,遇事易激惹,意识模糊,有后悔感,这种状态维持半年,严重干扰其本人改造和监狱的改造秩序。诊断为严重心理问题,应激障碍,运用阳性强化疗法结合认知疗法进行治疗,取得满意效果。     

团体箱庭疗法干预初中生考试焦虑的效果

以19名考试焦虑初中生为被试,运用等组前后测实验方法,考察团体箱庭疗法干预考试焦虑的效果,并与放松训练进行比较。结果表明：团体箱庭疗法与放松训练一样能够有效地干预初中生的考试焦虑情绪,团体箱庭疗法干预效果的保持性优于放松训练。     

非自杀性自伤与接纳承诺疗法的多维解析

接纳承诺疗法干预非自杀性自伤已经被一些临床案例证实疗效显著,与其他传统的心理治疗相比,接纳承诺疗法的干预效果更加持久。首先分析了非自杀性自伤基本含义以及各类特征,从心理动机的角度简要说明了非自杀性自伤发生的原因,再结合接纳承诺疗法的心理病理模型及治疗模型,阐述了接纳承诺疗法是通过提高个体心理灵活性减少非自杀性自伤发生的的理论依据与治疗过程,最后梳理了近年来国外学者通过接纳承诺疗法干预非自杀性自伤的实证研究及效果,为其他研究者实践该疗法治疗非自杀性自伤提供借鉴思路。     

一例服刑人员严重焦虑的案例咨询报告

本文是一例因亲人未能如约接见引发焦虑的服刑人员进行咨询的案例报告。服刑人员田某,24岁,由于极度渴望亲情,亲人却未能如约接见而产生焦虑情绪,感觉不能控制伤害他人的念头与行为,持续2个多月,主动求治,迫切想改变这种状况。诊断为严重心理问题,运用合理情绪疗法进行心理咨询五次,收到比较满意效果。     

一例服刑人员严重焦虑的案例咨询报告

本文是一例因亲人未能如约接见引发焦虑的服刑人员进行咨询的案例报告。服刑人员田某,24岁,由于极度渴望亲情,亲人却未能如约接见而产生焦虑情绪,感觉不能控制伤害他人的念头与行为,持续2个多月,主动求治,迫切想改变这种状况。诊断为严重心理问题,运用合理情绪疗法进行心理咨询五次,收到比较满意效果。     

箱庭疗法缓解初中生考试焦虑的有效性

以18名考试焦虑初中生为被试,采用等组前后测设计,以考察箱庭疗法缓解考试焦虑的效果,并与放松训练进行比较。结果表明:箱庭疗法与放松训练一样能够有效地缓解初中生的考试焦虑情绪,但其干预效果的保持性要优于放松训练。     

介绍几种医治精神疾病的方法

目前西方国家普遍地用心理治疗方法来医治精神方面的疾病。其中有心理剧,“原始喊叫”,小组疗法,角色疗法,对话疗法,“敏感性训练”和在水池中自我思索。这些现代化的治疗方法对于医治精神疾病是很有成效的。下面简要地介绍几种治疗方法。心理分析心理分析是一种最困难的,费用最昂贵的,但也许又是最有效的方法。这种方法要求     

From Freud to Gehrig to Rapaport to DiMaggio

Lacking the size, talent, and speed to play shortstop for the New York Yankees, I chose instead to become a psychologist/psychoanalyst. Yet, baseball and psychoanalysis share much in common. Each is played in the inner diamonds of one's mind, values the past and what is passing, and requires a strong work ethic. Both are timeless and involve an almost boring leisureliness between occasional moments of crisis. Then too, each calls for an attitude of consistency and patience and a responsibility to do one's best. From my parents and brother to my wife and son and his family, from my teachers and supervisors to my colleagues, and from Menninger to the Society for Personality Assessment (SPA), I feel deeply grateful for the partners and teammates I have and have had.     

From Biology to Consciousness to Morality

Abstract. Social animals are provisioned with prosocial orientations that operate to transcend self‐interest. Morality, as used here, describes human versions of such orientations. We explore the evolutionary antecedents of morality in the context of emergentism, giving considerable attention to the biological traits that undergird awareness and our emergent human forms of mind. We suggest that our moral frames of mind emerge from our primate prosocial capacities, transfigured and valenced by our symbolic languages, cultures, and religions.     

How Not to Apply to College

Samples of letters written by college students are excerpted to demonstrate the deterioration of students' writing skills. The relative unimportance many college students and graduates attach to the art of writing letters of inquiry is emphasized. A checklist is provided to assist students in preparing letters requesting information from colleges and universities.     

From object to image to object

Images are mental representations accommodated by grammatical structures. These structures order sensori-input of information as well as provide for articulated ways of expressing motor sequences associated with images. The psychological process of perception is reflected in the development of paradigmatic structures. The psychological process of action (behavior and its mental representations) is reflected in the development of syntagmatic structures. Forming and expressing imagery requires both paradigmatic and syntagmatic structuring. The former relates to logical issues of identity of objects and to the formation of concepts. The latter relates to the solution of psycho-logical questions of causality through articulation of grammatical roles in sentences. Two issues affecting the formation of a model to account for imagery are examined: (1) The tendency to explain imagery as a result of motor sequences and to utilize performance grammar. (2) The impact of ontogenesis on social processes affecting the logical and psycho-logical concerns facing the person at different stages of development. The grammar of imagery is seen as broader than one of performance. The epistemology of imagemaking does not reflect a linear ontogenetic development which precludes attention to problems of creating the logical structures of an object.     

Minors' competence to consent to abortion

In the light of legal restrictions in some states, the psychological evidence for whether adolescents are competent to give informed consent to abortion is reviewed. It would be important to know whether competence to decide on pregnancy outcome reflects maturity to be a parent; further, whether degrees of maturity can be traced throughout adolescence. Research shows that parents, not peers, are major sources of advice for minors' abortion decisions. Younger and less competent minors are more likely to consult parents than older, mature minors. There is no evidence that adolescent issues or developmental tasks influence pregnancy decisions. Decision making competence does not differ from that of adults, except as affected by the living situation of the adolescent. Decision performance does differ: minors are more likely to consider their present family's opinion, and not consider future risks, than are adults. The sparse research available on this problem provides no basis for restricting minors' decision making on the ground of competence alone.