Reliability conducive measures of coherence

A measure of coherence is said to be truth conducive if and only if a higher degree of coherence (as measured) results in a higher likelihood of truth. Recent impossibility results strongly indicate that there are no (non-trivial) probabilistic coherence measures that are truth conducive. Indeed, this holds even if truth conduciveness is understood in a weak ceteris paribus sense (Bovens & Hartmann, 2003, Bayesian epistemology. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press; Olsson, 2005, Against coherence: Truth probability and justification. Oxford: Oxford University Press). This raises the problem of how coherence could nonetheless be an epistemically important property. Our proposal is that coherence may be linked in a certain way to reliability. We define a measure of coherence to be reliability conducive if and only if a higher degree of coherence (as measured) results in a higher probability that the information sources are reliable. Restricting ourselves to the most basic case, we investigate which coherence measures in the literature are reliability conducive. It turns out that, while a number of measures fail to be reliability conducive, except possibly in a trivial and uninteresting sense, Shogenji’s measure and several measures generated by Douven and Meijs’s recipe are notable exceptions to this rule.     

A corrective to Bovens and Hartmann’s measure of coherence

Bovens and Hartmann (Bayesian Epistemology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003) propose to analyze coherence as a confidence-boosting property. On the basis of this idea, they construct a new probabilistic theory of coherence. In this paper, I will attempt to show that the resulting measure of coherence clashes with some of the intuitions that motivate it. Also, I will try to show that this clash is not due to the view on coherence as a confidence-boosting property or to the general features of the model that Bovens and Hartmann use to analyze coherence. It will turn out that there is at least one other measure that is similarly based on the concept of a confidence-boosting property, but does not have the same counterintuitive results.     

Free Will and Mental Powers

In this paper, we investigate how contemporary metaphysics of powers can further an understanding of agent-causal theories of free will. The recent upsurge of such ontologies of powers and the understanding of causation it affords promises to demystify the notion of an agent-causal power. However, as we argue pace (Mumford and Anjum in Analysis 74:20–25, 2013; Am Philos Q 52:1–12, 2015a), the very ubiquity of powers also poses a challenge to understanding in what sense exercises of an agent’s power to act could still be free—neither determined by external circumstances, nor random, but self-determined. To overcome this challenge, we must understand what distinguishes the power to act from ordinary powers. We suggest this difference lies in its rational nature, and argue that existing agent-causal accounts (e.g., O’Connor in Libertarian views: dualist and agent-causal theories, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002; Lowe in Personal agency: the metaphysics of mind and action, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013) fail to capture the sense in which the power to act is rational. A proper understanding, we argue, requires us to combine the recent idea that the power to act is a ‘two-way power’ (e.g., Steward in A metaphysics for freedom, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012b; Lowe (in: Groff, Greco (eds) Powers and capacities in philosophy: the new aristotelianism, Routledge, New York, 2013) with the idea that it is intrinsically rational. We sketch the outlines of an original account that promises to do this. On this picture, what distinguishes the power to act is its special generality—the power to act, unlike ordinary powers, does not come with any one typical manifestation. We argue that this special generality can be understood to be a feature of the capacity to reason. Thus, we argue, an account of agent-causation that can further our understanding of free will requires us to recognize a specifically rational or mental variety of power.

     

Book Reviews

K. T. Fann (ed.), Ludwig Wittgenstein: the man and his philosophy. New Jersey, Humanities Press; Sussex, Harvester Press: 1967 (reprinted 1978). 415 pp. 10.50.

Gerd Brand, The central texts of Ludwig Wittgenstein. Translated and with an introduction by Robert E. Innis. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1979. xxv + 182 pp. £ 10.00 (hardback)/£3.95 (paperback).

Joseph Warren Dauben. Georg Cantor: his mathematics and philosophy of the infinite. Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 1979. xiii + 404 pp., 4 plts. $25 US.

S. Poggi, I sistemi dell'esperienza. Psicologia, logica e teoria della scienza da Kant a Wundt. Bologna: il Mulino, 1977.679 pp., Lit. 12.000.

Raymond Bradley and Norman Swartz, Possible Worlds. An introduction to logic and its philosophy. Indianapolis and New York; Hackett Publishing Company: Oxford; Blackwell: 1979. xxi + 391 pp. £15.00 (cloth)/£4.95 (paper).

S. Haack, Philosophy of logics. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1978. xiv + 276 pp. £ 13.50.

F. J. Pelletier (ed.), Mass terms: some philosophicalproblems. Dordrecht, Boston and London: Reidel, 1979. xiii + 303 pp. Dfl. 70/$34.00.

Theo A. F. Kuipers, Studies in inductive probability and rational expectation. (Synthese Library, number 123.) Dordrecht, Holland and Boston, USA.: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1978. xii + 145 pp. Dfl. 50/$22.50.     

Book reviews

John Christian Laursen (ed.). Religious Toleration: ‘The Variety of Rites’ from Cyrus to Defoe. New York, St Martin's Press, 1999. xx + 252 pp. $45.00. ISBN 0–312–22233–5.

Daniel Garber. Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001, £40.00 hb; £14.95 pb. xii + 337 pp. ISBN 0–521–00337–7 pb. 0–521–80279–2 hb.

Olli Koistinen and John Biro (eds). Spinoza: Metaphysical Themes, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002. x + 255 pp. £40.00. ISBN 0–19–512815‐X.

Paul Abela. Kant's Empirical Realism. Oxford and New York, Clarendon Press, 2002. vii + 303 pp. £40.00. ISBN 0–19–924274–7.

Bruce L. Kinzer. England's Disgrace? J. S. Mill and the Irish Question. Toronto, Buffalo, and London, University of Toronto Press, 2001. 292 pp. $60. ISBN 0–8020–4862–5.

Maria Dimova‐Cookson. T. H. Green's Moral and Political Philosophy: A Phenomenological Perspective. Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2001. £40.00. xiii + 175 pp. ISBN 0–333–9144–7.

Stephen Mulhall. Inheritance &; Originality. Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Kierkegaard. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 2001. £40.00. xii + 448 pp. ISBN 0–19–924390–5.

Paul Gorner. Twentieth‐Century German Philosophy. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000. iii + 225 pp. £12.99. ISBN 0–19–289309–2.

Karen Green. Dummett: Philosophy of Language. Cambridge, Polity Press, 2001. xi + 236 pp. £55.00 (hb), £14.99 (pb). ISBN 0–7456–2294–1 (hb) 0–7456–2295‐X (pb).     

Doing What Comes Naturally: Recent Work on Thomas Aquinas and the New Natural Law Theory

John Finnis, Aquinas: Moral, Political, and Legal Theory. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1998, xxi+385 pp., $55.00 (hardback) ISBN 0 19 87808 42, $18.95 (paperback) ISBN 0 19 878085 0.

Robert P. George, In Defense of Natural Law. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999, 343 pp., $65.00 (hardback) ISBN 0 19 82677 11, $19.95 (paperback) ISBN 0 19 92429 92     

Cosmic inflation and the past hypothesis

The past hypothesis is that the entropy of the universe was very low in the distant past. It is put forward to explain the entropic arrow of time but it has been suggested (e.g. [Penrose, R. (1989a). The emperor’s new mind. London:Vintage Books; Penrose, R. (1989b). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 571, 249–264; Price, H. (1995). In S. F. Savitt (Ed.), Times’s arrows today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Price, H. (1996). Time’s arrow and Archimedes’ point. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Price, H. (2004). In C. Hitchcock (Ed.), Contemporary debates in philosophy of science. Oxford: Blackwell]) that it is itself in need of explanation. It has also been suggested that cosmic inflation could provide the explanation, but Price (2004) raises a serious objection to this suggestion, which has otherwise received very little attention in the philosophical literature. Price points out that the standard inflationary explanation involves a double standard: although the evolution of the universe described by the inflationary model seems natural from the standard temporal perspective it looks highly unnatural from the reversed temporal perspective. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a novel form of the inflationary explanation that avoids this objection. It is argued that the inflationary model would not involve a double standard (but would still explain the past hypothesis) if we construct the model with a global “boundary” condition instead of a conventional boundary condition: if we assume that the universe is as generic as possible overall, rather than as generic as possible at some given point (e.g. the Big Bang) as is assumed in the standard inflationary model. This novel form of the inflationary explanation is then compared with Price’s 1996 preferred explanation, a version of the so-called “Weyl hypothesis”.     

On universals: an extensionalist alternative to Quine’s resemblance theory

The notion of similarity plays a central role in Quine’s theory of Universals and it is with the help of this notion that Quine intends to define the concept of kind which also plays a central role in the theory. But as Quine has admitted, his attempts to define kinds in terms of similarities were unsuccessful and it is mainly because of this shortcoming that Quine’s theory has been ignored by several philosophers (see, e.g., Armstrong, D. M. (1978a). Nominalism and realism: Universals and Scientific realism (Vol. I). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). In the present paper, I propose an alternative framework that accounts for the phenomena that Quine intends to explain with his resemblance theory. The framework agrees with Quine’s austere ontology; in particular, it does not assume the existence of properties and of possible worlds. (I will mention below Quine’s reason for rejecting properties and possible worlds. For a theory of Universals that assumes possible worlds, see, e.g., Rodriguez-Pereyra, G. (2002). Resemblance nominalism: A solution to the problem of Universals. Oxford: Clarendon Press.) Moreover, the framework is extensionalist since the abstract entities it assumes are classes and these can be individuated extensionally, for classes are identical if their members are identical. Finally, I will refute some of the objections to Quine’s approach that have been raised by Armstrong and Oliver [(1996). The metaphysics of properties. Mind, 105, 1–80.] and I will argue that, contrary to what has been claimed by Oliver in a comment on Lewis [(1986). On the plurality of worlds. Oxford: Blackwell.], Quine is able to specify an important set of sparse properties. Editor’s Note: Nathan Stemmer died on 6 April 2007. Due to this, the proofreading was only done by the editors. All colleagues being acquainted with Nathan Stemmers work are deeply concerned about the loss.     

Taming the runabout imagination ticket

The ‘puzzle of imaginative use’ (Kind and Kung in Knowledge through imagination, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016) asks: given that imagination is arbitrary escape from reality, how can it have any epistemic value? In particular, imagination seems to be logically anarchic, like a runabout inference ticket: one who imagines A may also imagine whatever B pops to one’s mind by free mental association. This paper argues that at least a certain kind of imaginative exercise—reality-oriented mental simulation—is not logically anarchic. Showing this is part of the task of solving the puzzle. Six plausible features of imagination, so understood, are listed. Then a formal semantics is provided, whose patterns of logical validity and invalidity model the six features.

     

SHORT NOTICES

The First Followers of Jesus. By Gerd Theissen Social Aspects of Early Christianity. By Abraham J. Malherbe The Saints of Scotland. By Edwin Sprott Towill Reformers and Bablyon: English Apocalyptic Visions from the Reformation to Eve of the Civil War. By Paul Christianson Ritualism and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Attempt to Legislate for Belief. By James Bentley. Pp xii, 162 (Oxford Theological Monographs), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1978, £6.50. Faith and the Flag: The Opening of Africa. By Jeremy Murray-Brown L'Accés à Jésus par les Évangiles — histoire et herméneutique. By René Latourelle Max Weber:Selections in Translation. Edited by W.G. Runciman and translated by E. Matthews The Rhine Flows into the Tiber. By Ralph M. Wiltgen Charismatic Renewal: Is it Really Catholic? By Derek Lance     

Non-monotonicity and Informal Reasoning: Comment on Ferguson (2003)

In this paper, it is argued that Ferguson’s (2003, Argumentation 17, 335–346) recent proposal to reconcile monotonic logic with defeasibility has three counterintuitive consequences. First, the conclusions that can be derived from his new rule of inference are vacuous, a point that as already made against default logics when there are conflicting defaults. Second, his proposal requires a procedural “hack” to the break the symmetry between the disjuncts of the tautological conclusions to which his proposal leads. Third, Ferguson’s proposal amounts to arguing that all everyday inferences are sound by definition. It is concluded that the informal logic response to defeasibility, that an account of the context in which inferences are sound or unsound is required, still stands. It is also observed that another possible response is given by Bayesian probability theory (Oaksford and Chater, in press, Bayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Hahn and Oaksford, in press, Synthese).     

REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: Matter and Mind. By Ilham Dilman. Pp.xiv, 225, London, Macmillan, 1975, £10.00. Metaphysics and Essence. By Michael S. Slote. Pp.ix, 160, New York, New York University Press, 1975, $10.00. Aristotle on Emotion. By W.W. Fortenbaugh. Pp.99, London, Duckworth, 1975, £3.95. Interpreting Modern Philosophy. By James Collins, Pp.xii, 463, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1975, $4.45. The Liberated Heart: Transactional Analysis of Religious Experience. By Rosemary Haughton. Pp.xxi, 192, London, Geoffrey Chapman, 1975, £3.75 (hardback), £2.75 (paperback). Inward Stillness. By George A. Maloney, S.J. Pp.236, Denville, N.J., Dimension Books, 1975, $6.95. Krishnamurti: The Years of Awakening. By Mary Lutyens. Pp.xi, 327, London, John Murray, 1975, £6.00. The Biology of God: a Scientist's Study of Man the Religious Animal. By Alister Hardy. Pp.238, London, Jonathan Cape, 1975, £4.50. Sociology of Religion and Theology: A Bibliography. Compiled by the Instituto Fe y Secularidad. Pp.474, Madrid, Cuadernos para el Dialogo, 1975, no price given. Contemporary Transformations of Religion. By Bryan Wilson. Pp.ix, 116, London, Oxford University Press, 1976, £2.95. Theology and Change: Essays in Memory of Alan Richardson. Edited by Ronald H. Preston. Pp.xii, 211, London, SCM Press, 1975, £4.50. Theology in Reconciliation. By T.F. Torrance. Pp.302, London, Geoffrey Chapman, 1975, £5.50. Symbols of Church and Kingdom: A Study in Early Syriac Tradition. By Robert Murray. Pp.xv, 394. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1975, £10.50. St Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologiae, vol.48: The Incarnate Word. Translated by R.J. Hennessey. Pp.xx, 204, London, Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1976, £4.60. The Idea of a University. By John Henry Newman, edited with introduction and notes by I.T. Ker. Pp.lxxv, 684, Oxford, Clarendon Press: Oxford University Press, 1976, £25.00. The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman. Volumes XXIX and XXX. Edited by Charles Stephen Dessain and Thomas Gornall. Pp.xviii, 468 and xviii, 488. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1976, £17.50 per volume. The Theological Papers of John Henry Newman on Faith and Certainty. Partly prepared for publication by Hugo M. de Achaval, S.J.; selected and edited by J. Derek Holmes, Pp.xvi, 170, Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1976, £6.50. Liberalism and Tradition: Aspects of Catholic Thought in Nineteenth Century France. By Bernard Reardon. Pp.viii-308. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1975, £8.50. Eucharist and Holy Spirit. The Eucharistic Epiclesis in 20th-century Theology. By John McKenna. Pp.275, Great Wakering, Mayhew-McCrim-mon (for the Alcuin Club), 1975, £4.50. The Uses of Scripture in Recent Theology. By David H. Kelsey. Pp.ix, 227, London, SCM Press, 1975, £5.50. A Modern Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. By John F.A. Sawyer. Pp.xiv, 216. Stocksfield, The Oriel Press (London, c/o Routledge and Kegan Paul), 1976, £4.00. Ezekiel among the Prophets. By K.W. Carley. Pp.x, 112 (Studies in Biblical Theology, Second Series, 31), London, SCM Press, 1975, £2.80. The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. Volume I. Edited by Colin Brown. Pp.822, Exeter, The Paternoster Press, 1976, £14.00. The Making of the Modern Family. By Edward Shorter. Pp.369, London, Collins, 1976, £4.50.     

REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: Benito Arias Montano (1572-1598) By B. Rekers . Pp. xi, 199 (Studies of the Warburg Institute 33), London, Warburg Institute; Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1972, £5.00 Edmund of Abingdon's ‘Speculum Religiosorum’ and ‘Speculum Ecclesie’. Edited by Helen P. Forshaw . Pp. vii, 125 (Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi 3), London Oxford University Press, 1973, £5.00. English Schools in the Middle Ages. By Nicholas Orme . Pp. xiv, 370, London, Methuen, 1973, £7.25. Heresy and Obedience in Tridentine Italy: Cardinal Pole and the Counter-Reformation. By Dermot Fenlon . Pp. xiii, 300, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1972, £5.80. The Churches Militant: The War of 1812 and American Religion. By William Gribbin . Pp. viii, 210, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1973, £3.75. English Roman Catholics and Higher Education 1830-1903. By Vincent Alan Mc Clelland . Pp. x, 453, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973, £7.00. Lord Acton on Papal Power. By H. A. Mac Dougall . Pp. ix, 241, London, Sheed & Ward, 1973, £4.00. The English Bishops and the First Vatican Council., By Frederick J. Cwiekowski . Pp. xxvii, 341, (Bibliothèque de la Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique 52) Louvain, Publications Universitaires de Louvain, 1971, 500 Belg. Frs. Genesis 1-11. By R. Davidson . Pp. x, 118, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £1.90. The Book of the Prophet Isaiah, 1-39. By A. S. Herbert . Pp. xiii, 219, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £3.50. The First and Second Books of the Maccabees. By John R. Bartlett . Pp. xiv, 358, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £5.20. Deuteronomy. By A. Phillips . Pp. xiv, 237, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £3.80 (hardback), £1.50 (paperback). The Wisdom of Solomon. By E. G. Clarke Pp. xii, 136, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £2.20 (hardback), £1.10 (paperback). I and II chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah. By P. R. Ackroyd . Pp. 320 (Torch Bible Commentaries), London, SCM Press, 1973, £1.40. La Verdad Os Hará Libres: Jn 8, 32. By José O. Tunñi Vancells . Pp. 230, Barcelona, Herder, 1973, no price given. Martyria. Traditionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zum Zeugnisthema bei Johannes. By Johannes Beutler , S. J. Pp. 398 (Frankfurter theologische Studien 10), Frankfurt, Josef Knecht, 1972, 48 DM. The Use of the Old Testament in the New and Other Essays. Edited by James M. Efird . Pp. xv, 332, Durham, N. C., Duke University Press, 1972, $14.75. Pre-Existence, Wisdom and the Son of Man: A Study of the Idea of Pre-Existence in the New Testament. By R. G. Hamerton -Kelly . Pp. xii, 310, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1973, £7.90. The Easter Jesus. By Gerald O'Collins . Pp. xiv, 142, London, Darton, Longman And Todd, 1973, £1.50. Four Martyrdoms from the Pierpoint Morgan Coptic Codices. Edited by E. A. E. Reymond and J. W. Barns . Pp. xii, 278, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973, £7.50. Studies in the History of Philosophy and Religion. Volume I. By Harry Austryn Wolfson , edited by Isadore Twersky and George H. Williams . Pp. xvii, 626, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1973, £8.00. Complete Prose Works of John Milton, Volume 6: Christian Doctorine. Edited with an introduction by Maurice Kelley , translated by John Carey . Pp. xxiv, 863 Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1973, £10.50. Gerard Manley Hopkins and the Victorian Temper. By Alison G. Sulloway . Pp. xiv, 245, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972, £3.75. Kierkegaard: A Biographical Introduction. By Ronald Grimsley . Pp. 127 (Leaders of Modern Thought), London, Studio Vista, 1973, £0.95. Ludwig Wittgenstein: Letters to C. K. Ogden. Edited by G. H. von Wright . Pp. ix, 90, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, and London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973, £2.00. The Central Questions of Philosophy. By A. J. Ayer . Pp. 243, London, Nicolson, 1973, £3.50. Elements of Analytic Philosophy. By Arthur Pap . Pp. xvi, 542, New York, Hafner Publishing Company, 1972, £6.20. An Introduction to Confirmation Theory. By Richard Swinburne . Pp. 218, London, Methuen, 1973, £3.90. Models for Divine Activity. By Ian T. Ramsey . Pp. 78, London, SCM Press, 1973, £1.95. Ian Ramsey, Bishop of Durham—a Memoir. By David L. Edwards . Pp. 101, London, Oxford University Press, 1973, £2.00. Change in Focus: A Study of Doctorinal Change and Continuity. By Nicholas Lash . Pp. ix, 198 (Library of Contemporary Theology), London, Sheed and Ward, 1973, £3.00. Basic Questions in Theology (Volume Three). By Wolfhart Pannenberg . Pp. ix, 213, London, SCM Press, 1973, £3.75. Wolfhart Pannenberg. By Allan D. Galloway . Pp. 143 (Contemporary Religious Thinkers Series), London, George Allen and Unwin, 1973, £3.25. Das Wesen Des Christentums. Eine bergriffsgeschichtliche Untersuchung. By Hans Wagenhammer . Pp. 262 (Tübinger theologische Studien 2), Mainz, Matthias Grünewald Verlag, 1973, 38 DM. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Edited by F. L. Cross , second edition by F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone . Pp. xxxi, 1518, London, Oxford University Press, 1974, £13.50.     

Permissible killing and the irrelevance of being human

This is a review essay of Jeff McMahan's recent book The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life (OUP: 2002). In the first part, I lay out the central features of McMahan's account of the wrongness of killing and its implications for when it is permissible to kill. In the second part of the essay, I argue that we ought not to accept McMahan's rejection of species membership as having any bearing on whether it is permissible to kill a particular individual, as there are ways of understanding its relevance that are more plausible than McMahan allows. A review essay of Jeff McMahan. The Ethics of Killing: Problems at the Margins of Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Expectations and Actions: Expectaney-Value Models in Psychology. Norman T. Feather (Ed). Hillsdale, New Jersey. Lawrence Elbaum Associates. 1982 xi + 436, No Price given. Cultures in Contact. Studies in Cross-Cultural Intraction. Stephen Bochner (Ed.) Oxford. Pergamon Press. 1982. xiv + 232. $38.00 cloth; $14.95 paper. Dangerousness: Problems of Assessment and Prediction. John W. Hinton (Ed.). London. George Allen & Unwin. 1983. x + 177. $29.95. Ethical Problems in Psychological Research. Heinz Schuler. N.Y. Academic Press. 1982. xviii + 269. $68.65 ($US39.50). Paradigms in Transition. Ralph L. Rosnow. New York. Oxford University Press. 1981. x + 170. $11.50. Ideology and Social Psychology. Michael Billig. Oxford. Basil Blackwell. 1982. 243. No price given. Homosexuality and Psychotherapy: A Practitioners Handbook of Afirmative Models. J. C. Gonsiorek (Ed.). N.Y. The Haworth Press. 1982. 216. US$25.00 cloth. Social Skills Training. Jeffrey A. Kelly. Springer Publishing Company. N.Y. 1982. xv + 256. $36.50. Behavior Therapy for Depression: Present Status and Future Directions. Lynne P. Rehm. (Ed.). N.Y. Academic Press. 1981. xix + 389. $29.50. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, Vol. 5. Benjamin Lahey and Alan Kazdin (Eds.). New York. Plenum. 1982. 375. $35.00. Parent-Child Interaction. Theory, Research and Prospects. Ronald W. Henderson (Ed.). New York. Academic Press. 1981. xiii + 325. $29.50. Introduction to Medical Psychology. James C. Norton. N.Y. The Free Press. 1982. xiv + 313. US22.95. Clinical Behavioural Science. F. Sierles (Ed.). Jamaica, N.Y. MTP Press Limited. 1982.444. UKE30.25. Message-A ttitude-Behavior Relationship. Donald Cushman and Robert McPhee (Eds.). N.Y. Academic Press. 1980. xii + 339. USSi27.00. Ajective Correlates of Learning Disabilities. James W. Chapman and Frederic J. Boersma. Lisse. Swets & Zeitlinger. 1980. vi + 108. USS23.75. Handbook of Research Methods in Human Memory and Cognition. C. R. Puff (Ed.). New York. Academic Press. 1982. xvi + 474. US%45.00. Latvians in Australia. Aldis L. Putnins. Canberra. Australian National University Press. 1981. 131. $9.50 paper. Psychology of Language. Allan Paivio and Ian Begg. New Jersey. Prentice Hall Inc. 1981. xiv + 417. No price given. What Writers Know: The Language, Process and Structure of Written Discourse. Martin Nystrand (Ed.). N.Y. Academic Press. 1982. xvii + 391. US$32.00. Emergency Intervention. Jane Allyn Piliavin, John Dovidio, Samuel L. Gaertner, and Russell D. Clark, 111. N.Y. Academic Press. 1981. xiv + 293. No price given. Beginning Psychology. Malcolm Hardy and Steve Hayes. London. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1979. xi + 228. $1 1.95. A Survey of Social Psychology (2nd ed.). Leonard Berkowitz. New York. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1980. No price given.     

Implicit learning,consciousness, and the psychology of thinking

Abstract

Berry, D., & Dienes, Z. (1993). Implicit learning: Theoretical and empirical issues. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd. 197pp. ISBN 0-86377-223-4 £19.95 (hbk).

Reber A. S. (1993). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge: An essay on the cognitive unconscious. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1 88pp. ISBN 0-19-505-9425 £30.00 (hbk).     

Briefly noted

Ernest B. Hook (Ed.). Prematurity in Scientific Discovery: On Resistance and Neglect. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 2002. xx + 378 pp. $80.00 (cloth). ISBN 0‐520‐23106‐6. Margaret P. Munger (Ed.). The History of Psychology: Fundamental Questions. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. xi + 514 pp. $69.95 (paper). ISBN 0‐19‐515154‐2. James Moor (Ed.). The Turing Test: The Elusive Standard of Artificial Intelligence. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003. ix + 445 pp. $37.00 (paper). ISBN: 1‐4020‐1205‐5. John P. Jackson Jr. (Ed.). Science, Race, and Ethnicity: Readings from Isis and Osiris. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2002. 452 pp. $50.00 (cloth). ISBN 0‐226‐38934‐0. $27.00 (paper). ISBN 0‐226‐38935‐9.     

REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: Philosophers and Philosophies. By Frederick C. Copleston. Pp.184, London, Search Press, 1976, £5.95. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Bernard Lonergan. By Hugo Meynell. Pp.ix, 201 (Library of Philosophy and Religion), London, Macmillan, 1976, £10.00. Teleology. By Andrew Woodfield. Pp.viii, 232, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1976, £6.50. The Leap of Reason. By Don Cupitt. Pp.xi, 145, London, Sheldon Press, 1976, £4.50. From Belief to Understanding. By Richard Campbell. Pp.229, Canberra, The Australian National University, 1976, no price given. The Dogma of Original Sin. By Alfred Vanneste. Pp.188, Brussels, Paris and Louvain, Van der Nauwelaerts, date not given, 520 BF . Gabrielis Biel: Collectorium circa Quattuor Libros Sententiarum, Libri quarti, pars secunda. Edited by W. Werbeck and Udo Hofmann. Pp.xix, 622, Tübingen, J.C.B. Mohr(Paul Siebeck), 1977, 335 DM. Ministry to Word and Sacraments. By Bernard Cooke. Pp.ix, 677, Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1976, $25.00. The Risen Christ and the Eucharistic World. By G. Martelet. Pp.252, London, Collins, 1976, £4.95. The Resurrection Narratives. By Norman Perrin. Pp.86, London SCM Press, 1977,£1.95. Logik der Auferstehung. By Klaus Kienzler. Pp.279, Freiburg, Herder, 1976, no price given. Three Monophysite Christologies: Severus of Antioch, Philoxenus of Mabbug and Jacob of Sarug. By Roberta C. Chesnut. Pp.viii, 158, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1976, £6.75 The Orthodox Churches and the West. Edited by Derek Baker. Pp.xii, 336 (Studies in Church History 13), Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1976, £10.00. Studies in Spanish Renaissance Thought. By Carlos G. Noreña. Pp.ix, 277 (International Archives of the History of Ideas, 82), The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1975, 87.50 guilders. Studies in Spanish Renaissance Thought consists of four essays. The purpose of the book is, in Professor Noreña's words. The Handle and the Axe. By J.C.H. Aveling, Pp.384, London, Blond & Briggs, 1976, £9.50. The Seminary Priests. Compiled by Godfrey Anstruther. 4 vols. Great Wakering (Essex), Mayhew-McCrimmon, 1968, £5.50; 1975, £6.95; 1976, £6.95 (paperback), £8.95 (hardback); 1977 £6.95 (paperback), £8.95 (hardback). Beleaguered Tower: The Dilemma of Political Catholicism in Wilhelmine Germany. By Ronald J. Ross. Pp.xx, 218, Notre Dame and London, University of Notre Dame Press, 1976, no price given. Meditation in Christianity and other Religions. Pp.304 (Studia Missionalia 25), Rome, Gregorian University Press, 1976, $15.50.