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学习动机有内部动机和外部动机之分.从发展的角度看,随着年龄的增长,内部动机的作用也越来越强烈.学习过程中,内部动机由自身对活动的兴趣而引发,是学习自主意识的表现.在高师钢琴课教学中努力培养学生学习的自主意识,使学生会学,爱学,学习潜能得到充分挖掘,提高自身的素质修养,将为其今后从事教育工作以及终身学习打下良好的基础. 相似文献
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选取了360名高一学生,采用直接和间接激发内外动机的方式,通过两个研究考察了内外动机和不同水平的外部动机对中学生创造性的科学问题提出能力的影响,结果发现:(1)直接激发条件下,内部动机能够促进创造性的科学问题提出能力,尤其表现在流畅性以及独创性维度上;(2)直接激发条件下,外部动机能够抑制创造性的科学问题提出能力,尤其表现在独创性维度上;(3)评价情境不同引起的不同的动机水平对于创造性的科学问题提出能力的影响是不同的,期待正性评价不影响创造性的科学问题提出能力,但避免负性评价对创造性的科学问题提出能力有着显著的抑制作用. 相似文献
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小学生学习障碍与学习动机、学习能力的相关研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究采用中小学生团体智力筛选测验和LD行为量表从332名小学三、五年级儿童中筛选出50名小学LD儿童,检出率为15.06%,并对其进行学习动机诊断测验(MAAT)和提高学习能力因素诊断测验(FAT),以探讨小学儿童学习障碍的可能成因。结果表明:(1)60%的小学LD儿童表现为理解能力不足;(2)在MAAT与FAT各因素中,对小学LD儿童基本学习能力影响最重要的因素是在校学习方法、心理健康、身体健康、自己责任性、FAT总分,其次是考试焦虑-回避失败动机、在家学习方法、成功动机及其技能场面。可以认为影响小学LD儿童的主要因素是学习方法、学习动机和身心健康。 相似文献
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本文对中学生学习动机与学习策略的特点及发展规律,学习动机与学习策略之间的关系进行调查,结果表明:中学生的学习动机中,随年级的升高,表面型动机的强度呈上升的趋势,深层型动机与成就型动机呈减弱的趋势;中学生的学习策略与学习动机的发展具有相似的模式;中学生的学习动机与学习策略有显著的正相关,一般来说,低水平的动机,往往更多运用一些较消极的学习策略,高水平的动机,能较多运用一些积极、主动的学习策略;并且学习动机与学习策略的特点受不同类型学校的影响 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨最要好同伴吸烟、青少年个性特征与青少年吸烟行为的关系.对北京市一所普通中学和一所重点中学的1042名初一至高三学生进行问卷调查,让被试自我报告他们和最要好同伴的吸烟行为,以及他们的个性特点.结果表明:(1)吸烟和不吸烟的青少年在遵从动机、自我效能感上存在着显著的差异.与不吸烟青少年相比,吸烟的青少年表现出更高的遵从动机和更低的自我效能感;(2)青少年的遵从动机、自我效能感与最要好同伴吸烟行为间存在显著关系.遵从动机高、自我效能感低的青少年,其最要好同伴吸烟率要显著地高于遵从动机低、自我效能感高的青少年;(3)最要好同伴吸烟行为与青少年吸烟行为间存在极其显著的相关;(4)最要好同伴吸烟行为既对青少年吸烟行为产生直接作用,又通过自我效能感、遵从动机对青少年吸烟行为产生间接影响.但最要好同伴吸烟行为对青少年吸烟行为的直接作用要大于间接作用. 相似文献
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In Germany, according to their prior achievement students are tracked into different types of secondary school that provide profoundly different options for their future educational careers. In this paper we suggest that as a result, school tracks clearly differ in their social status or reputation. This should translate into different collective school‐type identities for their students, irrespective of the students’ personal academic self‐concepts. We examine the extent to which collective school‐type identity systematically varies as a function of the school track students are enrolled in, and the extent to which students’ collective school‐type identity makes a unique contribution beyond academic self‐concept and school track in predicting scholastic motivation. In two cross‐sectional studies a measure of collective school‐type identity is established and applied to explain motivational differences between two school tracks in Berlin. In Study 1 (N = 39 students) the content of the collective school‐type identity is explored by means of an open format questionnaire. Based on these findings a structured instrument (semantic differential) to measure collective school‐type identity is developed. In Study 2 (N = 1278 students) the assumed structure with four subscales (Stereotype Achievement, Stereotype Motivation, Stereotype Social, and Compensation) is proved with confirmatory factor analysis. This measure is used to compare the collective school‐type identity across school tracks and predict motivational outcomes. Results show large differences in collective school‐type identity between students of different school tracks. Furthermore, these differences can explain motivational differences between school tracks. Collective school‐type identity has incremental predictive power for scholastic motivation, over and above the effects of academic self‐concept and school track. 相似文献
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初中生学业自我效能、学习动机与学业成绩的关系 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
本研究使用学业自我效能量表和学习动机量表对初中生进行测量 ,并对测量结果与学业成绩间的关系进行了分析。结果发现 :学生学业自我效能、学习动机和性别是学业成绩的良好预测变量源 ,其中以学业自我效能的效应最为明显 ;学习动机与学业成绩之间并非单纯的线性关系。 相似文献
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本研究采用问卷法,针对随机取样的428名中学生,考察了自我概念的年级与性别特点及其与学业成绩的关系。结果表明:(1)在自我概念总量表和分量表上,中学生存在显著的年级和性别差异;(2)在自我概念子量表上,年级和性别的交互作用显著;(3)在言语自我、数学自我、一般学校、体能自我、父母关系、诚实可信、一般自我等子量表,以及学业、非学业分量表和总量表上,不同学业水平的学生有显著差异;(4)除体能自我、与异性关系和与同性关系子量表外,学业成绩与自我概念有显著正相关,而且学业成绩对自我概念有显著预测性,一般学校自我对学业成绩有显著的预测性。 相似文献
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采用学习氛围量表、主观社会阶层量表、学业调节问卷和修订的课堂投入问卷对1211名初中生进行调查,根据主观社会阶层得分在3分以下、6分以上的标准,筛选出491名典型低阶层(374人)与高阶层(117人)被试,考察教师自主支持与初中生学习投入的关系,以及学生自主动机在其中的中介作用和家庭社会阶层的调节作用.结果表明:(1)教师自主支持与初中生的学习投入之间存在显著正相关;(2)自主动机在教师自主支持与初中生的学习投入之间起部分中介作用;(3)家庭社会阶层在教师自主支持影响初中生自主动机进而影响其学习投入的过程中起到有中介的调节作用. 相似文献
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This research examines the impact of same-sex versus opposite-sex social comparisons on the perception of one’s own abilities at school and subsequent reported marks and academic choices. During their final year, male and female high school students were asked to describe themselves either in comparison with boys in their class, in comparison with girls in their class or without any explicit social comparison (control group). The interaction effects of gender and comparison context on academic selfconcept, school marks and academic choices indicated that gender differences depend on the comparison context. Particularly, as predicted, gender differences disappeared in the same-sex social comparison condition, and even became inverted for the intended academic choices. Here, boys intended to choose more than girls Preparatory Courses for Higher Education (PCHE) in the opposite-sex social comparison condition, while girls more often chose a prestigious PCHE than boys in the same-sex social comparison condition. The theoretical, methodological and practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Line Guylaine Tremblay Rashmi Garg Elizabeth Levin 《Social Psychology of Education》2007,10(2):193-212
In September 2003, Ontario universities accepted a double cohort of new students resulting from the Ontario government’s decision
to eliminate Grade 13. The admission to university of two categories of students distinguished by their age and high school
program raised a number of questions, not only in terms of admission infrastructure but mostly in what concerns the sum of
student retention, academic success, and graduation. Factors associated with success and with the maintenance of university
studies are numerous: stress, socioeconomic status, parents’ education, intellectual capacities, motivation, social abilities,
and social support (Olds & Papalia, 2000). Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) to test the hypothesis of a double
cohort effect on student academic success during the first year of university, (2) to verify the hypothesis that high school
academic history, socioeconomic variables related to stress and perceived stress predict academic success and retention at
the end of first year university. In September 2003, 300 first year students answered questionnaires inquiring about their
high school program and high school GPA, their socioeconomic characteristics, and their perceived stress. These measures were
then used to predict drop out, final GPA, number of credits attempted, passed and failed in June 2004. Results showed that
school persistence and first year university academic achievement are mostly predicted by gender, high school GPA, type of
financial resources, and number of hours worked at a paid job. Although not significant, we have found a higher proportion
of Grade 12 students who dropped out during first year at university, suggesting a possible long-term effect of high school
program on academic achievement. 相似文献