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不同焦虑类型的自我图式的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文将焦虑大学生区分为三种类型,采用实验的方法研究焦虑大学生自我图式与正常大学生自我图式的差异,以及不同焦虑类型之间自我图式的差异,结果发现,焦虑大学生存在状态性的焦虑自我图式,状态焦虑大学生的自我图式也是状态性的,特质焦虑大学生不存在焦虑的自我图式 相似文献
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This study examined the hypotheses that introversion in general and the introverted-intuitive-feeling-perceiving (INFP) type as measured by the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator are related to suicidal ideation and behaviors. Analyses of data from 330 university students found four interactive suicidal behavior risk models: introverted-perceiving (IP) (females); introverted-sensing-feeling (ISF) (males); introverted-intuitive-perceiving (INP) (males); extraverted-intuitive-judging (ENJ) (males). Study findings were interpreted in terms of implications for risk assessment and intervention. 相似文献
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采用词汇/图片判断范式,以不同性质的否定句和其对应的肯定句为实验材料,以词汇/图片判断的反应时和正确率为因变量指标,探讨不同性质汉语否定句的加工是否是动态变化的过程。研究分为两个大实验四个小实验。实验一采用句图匹配任务,否定句是对具体现实情境的否定,实验1a和1b分别考察句图短时间间隔和长时间间隔下否定意义的加工。实验二采用词汇判断任务,实验材料为隐喻形式的否定句。实验2a和2b分别为句词短时间间隔和长时间间隔。实验1发现短时间间隔时,句图不匹配条件下图片判断时间短于匹配时;长时间间隔时相反,句图匹配条件下图片判断时间更短。实验2发现短时间间隔时,句词不匹配条件下词汇判断时间短于匹配时,而长时间间隔时匹配与否的词汇判断时间无差异。综合两个实验结果表明,对现实情境的具体否定句符合两阶段模拟加工,被否定意义在加工早期被表征,但会因句子实际意义的通达而得到抑制;而隐喻形式的抽象否定句加工更符合抑制/保存假说,被否定意义在加工早期被表征,并在加工后期仍保留在头脑中。 相似文献
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从心理需求威胁的视角切入,探讨不同类型的社会排斥对求助行为意愿的影响及其作用机理。两个实验研究的结果表明,相较于被忽略,被拒绝会促使人们在后续困境中产生更高的求助行为意愿。该效应产生的心理机制在于被拒绝会威胁归属需求,被忽略会威胁控制需求,而求助行为本身能够满足人们的归属需求,但同时会降低控制感,因此归属需求和控制需求在社会排斥类型对求助行为意愿的影响中均起着显著的中介作用。 相似文献
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集群行为是个体以群体成员身份参与的以改善群体地位为目标的行动。近年来, 西方心理学在集群行为领域的研究开始呈现差异化分析比较的研究趋势。根据行为模式是否符合社会规范, 可将集群行为分为常规集群行为与违规集群行为。根据参与群体的社会地位, 可将集群行为分为弱势群体集群行为与优势群体集群行为。根据集群行为的成就, 可将结果分为“成功”与“失败”两类。不同类型集群行为所涉及的心理机制、前因变量及发展趋势具有很大差异。今后的研究应探明不同类型集群行为间的内在联系, 重视文化背景因素并加强与其他学科研究成果的结合。 相似文献
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不同干预者在青少年吸烟行为预防干预活动中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取北京市一所普通中学初一、初二、高一各三个班与高二两个班的359名学生为被试,随机分成教师实施干预组、课题组成员实施干预组和控制组,以比较教师和课题组成员的不同干预效果。结果发现:课题组成员为干预者的效果好于教师;教师组青少年后测比前测更认同吸烟的危害,课题成员组青少年后测比前测更反对吸烟的好处、更赞同吸烟具有各种危害;课题组成员和教师都能显著地提高被试的抵制技能;干预条件可间接通过吸烟好处和抵制技能对青少年后测吸烟行为产生作用。 相似文献
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歧视知觉、抑郁和农村留守儿童的学业成绩:纵向中介模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以1147名双亲外出儿童和父亲外出儿童为被试,采用追踪研究设计,探讨了农村留守儿童歧视知觉和学业成绩之间的相互作用关系以及抑郁在其中的中介作用。结果发现:(1)农村留守儿童的学业成绩显著负向预测其随后的歧视知觉,但是歧视知觉不能显著预测其随后的学业成绩;(2)抑郁在留守儿童的学业成绩和歧视知觉之间起着纵向中介作用。这表明,学业成绩是降低留守儿童歧视知觉水平的重要资源,良好的学业成绩不仅可以直接降低农村留守儿童的歧视知觉,而且还能通过降低其抑郁水平来降低农村留守儿童的歧视知觉水平。 相似文献
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认知风格对不同类型几何问题解决的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过镶嵌图形测验(EFT),在初中学生中选了不同认知风格的被试,限时考查被试对不同类型几何问题的解决。结果表明:新问题与所学内容相似性会影响中学生几何问题解决的成绩;认知风格不同类型在几何问题解决中存在显著差异,在与所学内容相似性高的新问题解决中,场依存性学生的成绩显著地高于场独立性的学生。 相似文献
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Robert W. Howard 《Applied cognitive psychology》2012,26(3):359-369
A view holds that expertise level depends on practice alone and that certain types of practice are important or unimportant. Supporting evidence largely comes from studies using a correlational retrospective recall paradigm, usually with small samples. Initially, these studies were partially replicated with 533 international chess players. Log number of games played was the strongest predictor of latest performance rating. Then, effects of study hours, having had coaching and the number of games played were examined longitudinally to control for key variables confounded in the retrospective recall paradigm. Groups with a nearly 5–1 median difference in weekly study hours, roughly equated on time in the domain and the number of games played, were observed over 7 years. More study hours had negligible impact. Coaching had some effect over time, and the number of games had a strong effect even when participants were equated on time in the domain. Previous studies show that a factor other than the number of games is important in developing chess expertise. Study is a weak factor at best and could not be that important factor. Chess expertise apparently does not depend on practice (study and the number of games) alone. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Brian D. Blume Timothy T. Baldwin Robert S. Rubin 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(1):77-91
Purpose We isolate and describe four key elements that distinguish different forms of forced distribution systems (FDS). These key
elements are the consequences for low performers, differentiation of rewards for top performers, frequency of feedback, and
comparison group size. We examine how these elements influence respondents’ attraction to FDS.
Design/methodology/approach Undergraduate students (n = 163) completed a policy capturing study designed to determine how these four FDS elements influence their attraction to
FDS. We examine the relative importance of these elements that most influence attraction to different FDS, as well as individual
attributes (i.e., cognitive ability, gender, and major) that may affect those preferences.
Findings Respondents were most attracted to systems with less stringent treatment of low performers, high differentiation of rewards,
frequent feedback and large comparison groups. Consequences for low performers were nearly twice as influential as any other
element. Respondents with higher cognitive ability favored high reward differentiation and males were less affected by stringent
consequences for low performers.
Implications Before practitioners implement FDS, it would be prudent to consider all four elements examined in this study—with the treatment
of low performers being the most salient issue. Future accounts of FDS should clarify the nature of these elements when reporting
on FDS. Such precision will be useful in generating a knowledge base on FDS.
Originality/value We add precision to the discussion of FDS by identifying four key elements. This is one of the first studies to examine
perceptions of FDS from a ratee perspective.
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Robert S. RubinEmail: |