The Geotropic Reaction of Newborn Puppies

Male and female decision time with parallel and sequential processing problems, under control, distraction, and irrelevant cue conditions were studied. Males were superior in all sequential processing control conditions, and in all parallel processing control conditions. For both sexes processing was most efficient in control conditions, without distractions or irrelevant cues. Females showed less of a decline in efficiency than males when irrelevant visual cues were present in the sequential processing condition.     

Parental Hostility and Depression as Predictors of Young Children's Aggression and Conduct Problems

Parental hostility and parental depression are associated with childhood behavior problems, but these have been studied independently in the literature. This study examined the relationships between parental hostility and depression and childhood aggression and conduct problems. Parental hostility was hypothesized to predict children's current and future (two months later) aggression and conduct problems. Participants were primary caregivers of children 0 to 10 years of age. Results indicate that hostility is a better predictor of present and future childhood aggression and conduct problems than depression. Implications of this finding for preventing and treating childhood aggression and conduct problems are discussed.     

The Positive Geotropic Orientation of an Ant (Crematogaster Lineolata)

In this study, we investigated the effects on memory of the provision of contextual information concerning the central character depicted in a brief video film. The findings of the study, which involved 82 male and 103 female student subjects, suggest that at test a week later, recognition judgments for foil sequences were biased in context-specific ways. However, the influence of the contextual information on memory was observed only when the information was made available to subjects before or immediately after seeing the film. When the character information was provided only after a week's retention interval, no significant contextual influences were found. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for memory theory and eyewitness reliability.     

The Role of Trauma in Conduct Disorder

Summary

Trauma is proposed as a key to understanding the development and persistence of conduct disorder, in conjunction with other contributing factors. Trauma history is ubiquitous in the conduct disordered population, and trauma effects can help to account for many features of conduct disorder, including lack of empathy, impulsivity, anger, acting-out, and resistance to treatment. The current standard of care fails to fully address trauma, which may partially explain the low success rate of extant treatment approaches. A trauma-informed perspective is introduced to current models of conduct disorder. Research, prevention, and treatment implications are discussed.     

Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and Conduct Disorder in a Sample of Adolescent and Young Adult Twins

The co-occurrence of suicidal ideation, depression, and conduct disturbance is likely explained in part by correlated genetic and environmental risk factors. Little is known about the specific nature of these associations. Structured interviews on 2,814 twins from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD) and Young Adult Follow-Up (YAFU) yielded data on symptoms of depression, conduct disorder, and adolescent and young adult suicidal ideation. Univariate analyses revealed that the familial aggregation for each trait was explained by a combination of additive genetic and shared environmental effects. Suicidal ideation in adolescence was explained in part by genetic influences, but predominantly accounted for by environmental factors. A mixture of genetic and shared environmental influences explained ideation occurring in young adulthood. Multivariate analyses revealed that there are genetic and shared environmental effects common to suicidal ideation, depression, and conduct disorder. The association between adolescent suicidal ideation and CD was attributable to the same genetic and environmental risk factors for depression. These findings underscore that prevention and intervention strategies should reflect the different underlying mechanisms involving depression and conduct disorder to assist in identifying adolescents at suicidal risk.     

An Effectiveness Open Trial of Internet-Delivered Parent Training for Young Children With Conduct Problems Living in Regional and Rural Australia

There is accumulating evidence for the efficacy of online parent management training (PMT) programs to improve conduct problems in young children, and findings have been used to support the potential of online programs to close the research-to-practice gap in underserved rural settings. However, to date, no study has evaluated the effectiveness of online PMT under real-world conditions; that is, delivered by community practitioners as part of services-as-usual to families residing in rural communities. This has resulted in a critical lack of evidence supporting the capacity of online PMT to ameliorate actual geographical disparities in service accessibility. Accordingly, the current study evaluated effectiveness and engagement outcomes of Internet-delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT) delivered from a community-based early childhood clinic to rural consumers. Participants were 27 mothers and their 1.5- to 4-year-old child with conduct problems (M age = 3.02, SD = 0.73) living in regional and rural New South Wales, Australia. Parent-rated and observed child conduct problems and observed parenting behaviors were assessed pre and post I-PCIT, and treatment attrition, parental satisfaction with treatment, and homework compliance provided indicators of treatment engagement. Results of linear mixed and marginal models indicated that I-PCIT produced significant improvements in parent-reported and observed child conduct problems and observed parenting behaviors, with “small” to “very large” effect sizes (ds = 0.3-1.4). Treatment retention was adequate (63%), and treatment-completing parents reported high treatment satisfaction and good homework compliance. Findings provide preliminary evidence for the real world effectiveness of I-PCIT, supporting its capacity to narrow the research-to-practice gap. Findings suggest a role for I-PCIT in a stepped care model of remote treatment for childhood conduct problems in Australia.     

The Need for a Code of Conduct for Research Funders

Science and Engineering Ethics - In addition to a code of conduct for researchers, it is desirable to implement a code of conduct for funders of research. This is because researchers often behave...     

Emergence and Human Conduct

Emergence, the occurrence of novel, unpredictable human behavior, is an inherent aspect of human experience on both the individual and collective levels. In this article, we considered the ubiquitous nature emergent events, indicated some of the ways such events manifest themselves, analyzed the personal and inter-personal processes that give rise to them, and suggested some of their implications for psychology and the other social science. Given the inescapable presence of emergence in human conduct, a redefinition of the goals and scope of social science may be desirable.     

Conduct disorder and personality

A sample of children with a diagnosis of conduct disorder and a sample of children from a London comprehensive school were investigated. Three questionnaires were administered to assess personality, impulsiveness and anxiety. Of the personality measures contained within the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire only Psychoticism was found to significantly differentiate the conduct disorder and normal control samples. The Impulsiveness scale of the I₆ also differentiated the two samples. There were no significant differences between the two samples in their scores on the anxiety scale of the “What I Think and Feel”. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of personality proposed by Eysenck and Eysenck (1969), Gray (1987) and Quay (1988).     

少年撒母耳的侍奉

乱世出英雄,英雄出少年。撒母耳的侍奉就源于他的少年,源于以色列混乱的士师时期。经文:撒上3:1-21撒母耳是以色列历史上承前启后的最重要的人物,他集祭司、士师、先知三重使命于一身,先后膏立两位君王,其中就有以色列历史上最伟大的君王大卫,结束了混乱的士师时代,振兴了以色列民族,复兴了以色列的信仰,开创了以色