Immigrant skill utilization in the Canadian labour market: Implications of human capital research

The quantitative significance of the underutilization of immigrant skills may be assessed, albeit imprecisely, in human-capital earnings analysis. Earnings deficits of immigrants may arise from: (a) lower immigrant skill quality, (b) underutilization of immigrant skills, and (c) pay inequities for immigrants doing the same work as native-born Canadians. Consistent with numerous studies, data from the 1996 census micro-data show that underutilization of immigrant skills is significant, though less so than unequal pay within occupations. In 1996 dollars, the total annual immigrant earnings deficit from all three sources was 15.0 billion, of which15.0 billion, of which 2.4 billion was related to skill underutilization, and 12.6 billion was related to pay inequity. Discussion considers adjustments to these estimates, taking account of difficulties measuring the skill levels of occupations and immigrant skill quality. < /div > < div class=Äbstract» < a name=Äbs2» < /a > La signification quantitative de la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées peut être évaluée, quoique sans précision, dans l￠analyse humain-capitale de revenus. Les déficits de revenus des immigrés peuvent surgir de: (a) la qualité immigrée inférieure de compétence, (b) sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées, et (c) injustices de salaire pour des immigrés faisant la même chose fonctionnent les Canadiens indigènesoutenus. Conformé aux nombreuses études, données des micro-données 1996 de recensement prouvent que la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées est significative, cependant moins ainsi que le salaire 


 112.6 billion was related to pay inequity. Discussion considers adjustments to these estimates, taking account of difficulties measuring the skill levels of occupations and immigrant skill quality.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed: Idolatry and Representation: The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig Reconsidered by Leora Batnitzky (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000) x + 281 pp.
Reviewed by Charles T. Mathewes
Department of Religious Studies
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA 22904‐4126
SA Violence, Hospitality, and the Cross: Reappropriating the Atonement Tradition by Hans Boersma (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic, 2004) + 288 pp.
Reviewed by Gladstone H. Stevens, S.S.
St. Mary's Seminary and University
5400 Roland Ave.
Baltimore, MD 21210
USA The Creativity of God: World, Eucharist, Reason by Oliver Davies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xi + 210 pp.
Reviewed by Matthew Levering
Ave Maria University
1025 Commons Circle
Naples, Florida 34119
USA Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity by Larry W. Hurtado (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2003) xxii + 745 pp.
Reviewed by Stephen Fowl
Department of Theology
Loyola College in Maryland
4501 N. Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21210
USA Culture and the Thomist Tradition after Vatican II by Tracey Rowland (London and New York: Routledge, 2003) xiv + 226 pp.
Reviewed by Joseph Wawrykow
Department of Theology
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, Indiana
46556
USA Spinoza's Revelation: Religion, Democracy, and Reason by Nancy K. Levene (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004) xxii + 256pp.
Reviewed by Martin Kavka
Department of Religion
Florida State University
Tallahassee, FL 32306‐1520
USA Religion and the Domestication of Dissent: Or How to Live in a Less than Perfect Nation by Russell T. McCutcheon (London: Equinox, 2005) xi + 123 pp.
Reviewed by Stefan Skrimshire
75 Rockdove Avenue
Hulme
Manchester
M15 5EH
UK Furthering Humanity: A Theology of Culture by Timothy Gorringe (Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2004) vi + 283 pp.
Reviewed by J. Matthew Ashley
Department of Theology
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN 46556
USA Flannery O’Connor and the Christ‐Haunted South by Ralph C. Wood (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004) xii + 272 pp.
Reviewed by Frederick C. Bauerschmidt
Department of Theology
Loyola College
4501 N. Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21210
USA     

Utilisation des compétences des immigrants sur le marché du travail au Canada: Répercussions de la recherche sur le capital humain

La signification quantitative de la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées peut être évaluée, quoique sans précision, dans l'analyse humain-capitale de revenus. Les déficits de revenus des immigrés peuvent surgir de: (a) la qualité immigrée inférieure de compétence, (b) sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées, et (c) injustices de salaire pour des immigrés faisant la même chose fonctionnent les Canadiens indigènesoutenus. Conformé aux nombreuses études, données des micro-données 1996 de recensement prouvent que la sous-utilisation des qualifications immigrées est significative, cependant moins ainsi que le salaire inégal dans des métiers. En 1996 dollars, tout le déficit immigré annuel de revenus de chacune des trois sources était 15,0 milliards, dont15,0 milliards, dont 2,4 milliards ont été liés à la sous-utilisation de compétence, et 12,6 milliards ont été liés à l￠injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence. < /div > < div class=Äbstract» < a name=Äbs2» < /a > The quantitative significance of the underutilization of immigrant skills may be assessed, albeit imprecisely, in human-capital earnings analysis. Earnings deficits of immigrants may arise from: (a) lower immigrant skill quality, (b) underutilization of immigrant skills, and (c) pay inequities for immigrants doing the same work native-born Canadians. Consistent with numerous studies, data from the 1996 census micro-data show that underutilization of immigrant skills is significant, though less so than unequal pay within occupations. In 1996 dollars, the total annual immigrant earnings deficit from all three sources was12,6 milliards ont été liés à l'injustice de salaire. La discussion considère des ajustements à ces évaluations, tenant compte des difficultés mesurant les niveaux de compétence des métiers et de la qualité immigrée de compétence.     

Valuation Semantics for First-Order Logics of Evidence and Truth

This paper introduces the logic QLET_F, a quantified extension of the logic of evidence and truth LET_F, together with a corresponding sound and complete first-order non-deterministic valuation semantics. LET_F is a paraconsistent and paracomplete sentential logic that extends the logic of first-degree entailment (FDE) with a classicality operator ∘ and a non-classicality operator ∙, dual to each other: while ∘A entails that A behaves classically, ∙A follows from A’s violating some classically valid inferences. The semantics of QLET_F combines structures that interpret negated predicates in terms of anti-extensions with first-order non-deterministic valuations, and completeness is obtained through a generalization of Henkin’s method. By providing sound and complete semantics for first-order extensions of FDE, K3, and LP, we show how these tools, which we call here the method of anti-extensions + valuations, can be naturally applied to a number of non-classical logics.

     

Book Reviews

Book Reviews Comes in this article DuBois, Philip H. A History of Psychological Testing. Berg, Ivar. Education and Jobs: The Great Training Robbery. Argyris, Chris. Intervention Theory and Method: A Behavioral Science View. Macarov, David. Incentives to Work. Golembiewski, Robert T. and Blumberg, Arthur. (Eds.) Sensitivity Training and the Laboratory Approach: Readings about Concepts and Applications. Keefe, William F. Listen, Management Korman, Abraham K. Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Smith, Patricia C., Kendall, Lorne M., and Hulin, Charles L. The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement: A Strategy for the Study of Attitudes. Cummings, L. L. and Scott, W. E. Readings in Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. Beach, Dale S. (Editor) Managing People at Work: Readings in Personnel. Dunn, J. D. and Rachel, Frank M. Wage and Salary Administration: Total Compensation Systems. Zollitsch, Herbert G. and Langsner, Adolph. Wage and Salary Administration. Zimpel, Lloyd and Panger, Daniel. Business and the Hardcore Unemployed: A Management Guide to Hiring, Training and Motivating Minority Workers. Anderson, Betty R. and Rogers, Marthap. (Editors). Personnel and Equal Employment Opportunity. Rapoport Robert N. Mid-Career Development: Research Perspectives on a Developmental Community for Senior Administrators. Zaleznik Abraham Dalton Gene W. Barnes Louis B. with Laurin Pierre Orientation and Conflict in Career. Miner, John B. Management Theory. Radom Matthew The Social Scientist in American Industry. Lofquist Lloyd H., and Dawis, RenéG V. Adjustment to Work:: A Psychological View of Man's Problems in a Work-Oriented Society. Day, George S. Buyer Attitudes and Brand Choice Behavior. Katona, George, Strumpel, Burkhard, and Zahn, Ernest. Aspirations & Affluence. Beckett, John A. Management Dynamics: The New Synthesis. Loen, Raymond O. Manage More by Doing Less. Humble, John W. Management by Objectives in Action. Swope, George S. Interpreting Executive Behavior. Flippo, Edwin B. Principles of Personnel Management. Adams, Sexton and Fyffe, Don. The Corporate Promotables. REVIEWER'S REJOINDER ACTA Psychologica: European Journal of Psychonomics, Vol. 35, No. 1. Bachman, Jerald G. and van Duinen, Elizabeth. Youth Look at National Problems: A Special Report from the Youth in Transition Project. Banki, Ivan S. The Dictionary of Administration and Supervision. Baron, Robert A. and Liebert, Robert M. Human Social Behavior: A Contemporary View of Experimental Research. Barrett, Jon H. Individual Goals and Organizational Objectives: A Study of Integration Mechanisms. Bursk, Edward C. and Hutchison, G. Scott. (Eds.) Salesmanship and Sales Force Management. Campbell, David P. Handbook for the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. Cooper, C. L. and Mangham, I. L. (Eds.) T-Groups: A Survey of Research. Dickmann, Robert A. Personnel Implications for Business Data Processing. Fabun, Don. Ecology: The Man-Made Planet. Fabun, Don. Energy: Transactions in Time. Fabun, Don. Food: An Energy Exchange System. Fabun, Don. Shelter: The Cave Re-examined. Fiske, Donald W. Measuring the Concepts of Personality. Freeman, Richard B. The Market for College-Trained Manpower: A Study in the Economics of Career Choice. French, Wendell L. and Hellriegel, Don. Personnel Management and Organization Development: Fields in Transition. Ghiselli, Edwin E. Explorations in Management Talent. Goldenberg, I. Ira. Build Me a Mountain: Youth, Poverty, and the Creation of New Settings. Hepner, Harry W. and Pettengill, Frederick B. Perceptive Management and Supervision: Social Responsibilities and Challenges. Hostrop, Richard W. Handbook for Achieving Academic Success: A Programmed Learning Aid. Ingham, Geoffrey K. Size of Industrial Organization and Worker Behaviour. Jennings, Eugene E. Routes to the Executive Suite. Kobayashi, Shigeru. Creative Management. Kolb, David A., Rubin, Irwin M., and McIntyre, James M. Organizational Psychology—An Experiential Approach. Lanyon, R. I. and Goodstein, L. D. Personality Assessment. Lawrence, Margaret Morgan. The Mental Health Team in the Schools. Lyman, Howard B. Test Scores and What They Mean. Mann, Roland. (Editor) The Arts of Top Management: A Mc-Kinsey Anthology. Morton, J. A. Organizing for Innovation: A Systems Approach to Technical Management. Nagera, Humberto. (Editor) Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts on Metapsychology, Conflicts, Anxiety and Other Subjects, Volume IV. Nagera, Humberto. (Editor) Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts on the Theory of Instincts, Volume III. Odiorne, George S. Personnel Administration by Objectives. Patten, Thomas H., Jr. Manpower Planning and the Development of Human Resources. Piaget, Jean and Imhelder, B´urbel. Mental Imagery in the Child. Report of the Commission on Tests: II. Briefs. Report of the Commission on Tests: I. Righting the Balance. Richmond, P. G. An Introduction to Piaget. Ronan, W. W. and Prien, Erich P. Perspectives on the Measurement of Human Performance. Roswell, Florence G. and Natchez, Gladys. Reading Disability: Diagnosis and Treatment. Slotkin, Elizabeth J., Levy, Leo, Wetmore, Edwin, and Runk, Ferdinand N. Mental Health Related Activities of Companies and Unions. Stroh, Thomas F. Managing the New Generation in Business. White, Harrison. Chains of Opportunity: System Models of Mobility in Organizations. The Wolf Man. (Edited by Muriel Gardiner) The Wolf Man. Wolman, Benjamin B. (Editor) The Psychoanalytic Interpretation of History. Yukl, Gary A. and Wexley, Kenneth N. Readings in Organizational and Industrial Psychology.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed: Truly Our Sister: A Theology of Mary in the Communion of Saints by Elizabeth A. Johnson (London and New York: Continuum, 2003), xviii + 379 pp.
Reviewed by Ann Loades
Department of Theology
Abbey House
Palace Green
University of Durham
Durham DH1 3RS
UK The Rhetorical Word: Protestant Theology and the Rhetoric of Authority by Theo Hobson (Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate, 2002), + 217 pp.
Reviewed by Wes Avram
Yale University Divinity School
409 Prospect Street
New Haven, CT 06410
U.S.A. Word and Supplement: Speech Acts, Biblical Texts, and the Sufficiency of Scripture by Timothy Ward (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), x + 332 pp.
Reviewed by Nicholas Wolterstorff
Yale University Divinity School
409 Prospect Street
New Haven, CT 06410
U.S.A. Preface to Theology: Christology and Theological Method by John Howard Yoder, edited by Alex Sider, Peter Dula, and Stanley Hauerwas (Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2002), + 431 pp.
Reviewed by Glen H. Stassen
Fuller Theological Seminary
Pasadena, CA 91182
USA Will There Be Free Will in Heaven? Freedom, Impeccability and Beatitude by Simon Francis Gaine (London: T&T Clark, 2003), xi + 137 pp.
Reviewed by Robert Barron
Mundelein Seminary
Mundelein, Ill 60060
USA Conversion In American Philosophy: Exploring the Practice of Transformation by Roger A. Ward (New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 2004), xli + 235 pp.
Reviewed by Donald L. Gelpi, S. J.
The Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley
1735 LeRoy Avenue
Berkeley, CA 94709
USA Lying: An Augustinian Theology of Duplicity by Paul J. Griffiths (Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2004), + 254 pp.
Reviewed by Oliver O’Donovan
Christ Church
Oxford OX1 1DP
UK Transcendence and Self‐Transcendence: On God and the Soul by Merold Westphal (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2004), xiv + 235 pp.
Reviewed by Cyril O’Regan
Department of Theology
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN 46556
USA Interpreting the Bible and the Constitution by Jaroslav Pelikan (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004), xiii + 216 pp.
Reviewed by H. Jefferson Powell
Duke Divinity School & Duke Law School
PO Box 90360
Durham NC 27708
USA Alien Sex: The Body and Desire in Cinema and Theology by Gerard Loughlin (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004), xxx + 306 pp.
Reviewed by George Pattison
Christ Church
Oxford, OX1 1DP
UK     

Development and Evaluation of a Decision Aid About Prenatal Testing for Women of Advanced Maternal Age

Objective: To develop and evaluate a decision aid designed to prepare patients of advanced maternal age for counseling about prenatal diagnostic testing. Setting: A regional genetics center. Design: A before/after study. Interventions: Participants used an audioguided workbook to learn about options and outcomes and to clarify personal risks, values, questions, and predispositions. Subjects: 21 women of advanced maternal age and 17 spouses. Main outcome measures: Knowledge of prenatal testing alternatives, decisional conflict, level of anxiety, and acceptability of the decision aid. Results: After using the decision aid, participants had significantly reduced decisional conflict (uncertainty) and a significant increase in knowledge. There was no effect on state or trait anxiety. More than three-quarters of participants were satisfied with the length, clarity, balance, and acceptability of the decision aid. Conclusions: The decision aid shows promise as a useful aid for preparing couples for counseling.     

The adequacy of the theories of deductive systems with respect to sentential calculi

Summary The sentential calculiR, under discussion, are axiomatizable and implication is among their primitive terms. The modus ponens and the rule of substitution are their primitive rules. ByS _r is denoted the set of sentences obtained from the formulae of the calculusR by substituting sentences of a given language for all variables. The variablesx, y, z ... represent the elements of the setS _r , the variablesX, Y, Z ... represent the subsets ofS _R . The formulacxy designates an implication withx as its antecedent andy as its consequent,cxy is always an element ofS _R δ(X) means, thatX is closed with respect to the modus ponens rule.A _R designates the class of allS _R -substitutions of the axioms of the sentential calculusR.     

Re: Views

Human Resource Development Videotape Series—Life Skills Carkhuff, Robert R., Amherst Videotapes: Helping Model Module Attending Skills Module Responding Skills Module Personalizing Skills Module Initiating Skills Module The Case of Jerry The Case of Jane The Case of Manny Robert R. Carkhuff. The Art of Helping Robert R. Carkhuff, and Richard M. Pierce. Trainer's Guide: The Art of Helping. Behavioral Counseling (8 16mm color films) Hosford, Ray E. Films: Identifying the Problem Observing and Recording Behavior Counseling Techniques: Social Modeling Counseling Techniques: Desensitization——Part I Formulating the Counseling Goal Counseling Techniques: Reinforcement Procedures Counseling Techniques: Assertive Training Counseling Techniques: Self-as-a Model Ray E. Hosford, and Louis A. J. M. deVisser. Behavioral Approaches to Counseling: An Introduction Systematic Videotraining for Beginning Helpers Allen E. Ivey and Norma B. Basic Attending Skills (2 1/2 hours videotape) Basic Influencing Skills (2 1/2 hours, videotape) Microcounseling: An Introduction (1 hour videotape), Rental includes permission to make a copy on one's own equipment. Norman Kagan. Interpersonal Process Recall: A Method of Influencing Human Interaction. Films: Unit 1 Elements of Facilitating Communication Unit 2 Affect Simulation, Film 1 Film 2 Unit 3 Interviewer Recall New Client, Film A-1 On-going Therapy, Film A-2 College Resident Advisor Curriculum Director, Film A-4 Unit 4 Inquirer Role and Function Unit 5 Client Recall A Mother, Film B-1 Junior High Student, Film B-2 A Couple, Film B-3 Unit 6 Mutual Recall Mother and Social Worker, Film C-1 Physician and Patient, Film C-2 Dating Couple, Film C-3 Health Team, Film C-4 Mother and Two Children, Film C-5 Intact Family, Film C-6 Classroom Team, Film C-7 Unit 7 IPR Theory—Discussion Norman Kagan, Interpersonal Process Recall: A Method of Influencing Human Interaction     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: In Search of History: Historiography in the Ancient World and the Origins of Biblical History. By John Van Seters. The Hidden God: The Hiding of the Face of God in the Old Testament. By Samuel E. Balentine. Theodicy in the Old Testament. Edited by James L. Crenshaw. Ce Dieu censé aimer la Souffrance. By François Varone. Evil and Evolution, A Theodicy. By Richard W. Kropf. ‘Poet and Peasant’ and ‘Through Peasant Eyes’: A Literary-Cultural Approach to the Parable in Luke. By Kenneth Bailey. The Biblical Foundations for Mission. By Donald Senior and Carroll Stuhlmueller. New Testament Foundations of Ministry. By Colin Kruse. Church, Ministry and Unity. By James E. Griffiss. Theology of Ministry. By Thomas Franklin O'Meara. Yesterday and Today: A Study of Continuities in Christology. By Colin E. Gunton. I believe in the Holy Spirit. By Yves Congar. Between Jesus and Paul. By Martin Hengel. From Nicaea to Chalcedon: A Guide to the Literature and its Background. By Frances Young. Alan of Lille: The Frontiers of Theology in the Later Twelfth Century. By G.R. Evans. Mystic and Pilgrim: The Book and the World of Margery Kempe. By Clarissa W. Atkinson. Church, Politics and Society: Scotland 1408–1929. Edited by N. Macdougall. Renaissance and Reform: The Italian Contribution. Collected Essays, Volume II. By Frances A. Yates. Seven-Headed Luther: Essays in Commemoration of a Quincentury, 1483–1983. Edited by Peter Newman Brooks. Ökumenische Erschliessung Martin Luthers. Edited by Peter Manns and Harding Meyer. Luther's Ecumenical Significance, An Interconfessional Consultation. Edited by Peter Manns and Harding Meyer, in collaboration with Carter Lindberg and Harry McSorley. States of Mind: A Study of Anglo-Irish Conflict 1780 to 1980. By Oliver MacDonagh. The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Crisis, Reform, Counter Reform. By Gregory L. Freeze. Pusey Rediscovered. Edited by Perry Butler. Between Two Worlds: George Tyrrell's Relationship to the Thought of Matthew Arnold. By Nicholas Sagovsky. The Concept of Glaubenslehre. By Walter E. Wyman, Jr. The Existence and Nature of God. Edited by Alfred J. Freddoso. Faith and Reason. By Anthony Kenny. Logic and The Nature of God. By Stephen T. Davis. Personal Responsibility and Christian Morality. By Josef Fuchs. Morality and Conflict. By Stuart Hampshire. Realism and Imagination in Ethics. By Sabina Lovibond. Intentionality. By John R. Searle. Philosophical Papers, I: Practical Reason. By G.H. von Wright. Philosophical Papers, II: Philosophical Logic. By G.H. von Wright. A Model of Making: Literary Criticism and its Theology. By Ruth Etchells. The Return of the Goddess: Femininity, Aggression and the Modern Grail Quest. By Edward Whitmont. The Power of the Poor in History. By Gustavo Gutierrez, translated by Robert R. Barr. The God of the Xhosa. By Janet Hodgson. Our Hymn Tunes: Their Choice and Performance. By Donald Webster. The Almighty Wall: The Architecture of Henry Vaughan. By William Morgan. An Introduction to Plato's Laws. By R.E. Stalley. Plato's Late Ontology: A Riddle Resolved. By Kenneth M. Sayre. Plato's ‘Parmenides’: Translation and Analysis. By R.E. Allen. Politics in the Ancient World. By M.I. Finley.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The World of the Judges. By John L. Mc Kenzie . The Mystery of the Supernatural. By Henri de Lubac , s.j. Translated by Rosemary Sheed . The Koran Interpreted. Vols. 1, 2. By A. J. Arberry . Towards the Death of Satan. By Henry A. Kelly . We Believe in God. Edited by Rupert E. Davies . Perspectives on Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Protestant Theology. By Paul Tillich . The Works and Days of John Fisher (1469–1535). By Edward Surtz . George Bell, Bishop of Chichester. By Ronald C. D. Jasper . Absolutely Null and Utterly Void. By John Jay Hughes . The Priest in Crisis. By David P. O'Neill . Urban Catholics. By John Mickey . A Sociological Yearbook of Religion in Britain. The Sage of Salisbury: Thomas Chubb. By T. L. Bushell . The Sage of Salisbury: Thomas Chubb. By T. L. Bushell . Merleau-Ponty. Existentialist of the Social World. By Albert Rabil Philosophy and Cybernetics. Edited by Frederick J. Crosson and Kenneth M. Sayre . Pp. 271, Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame Press, 1967, 52s. Biology and the Social Crisis. By J. Brierley . Priesternot in Lateinamerika. By Werner Promper .     

Personality and Fears

The contribution to self-reported fears of individual differences in extraversion-introversion (E) and neuroticism (N) was studied in 102 female college students. Four groups of 20 Ss each were constituted - high E high N, high E low N, low E high N, and low E low N. A fear survey schedule and the Eysenck Personality Inventory were employed. By analysis of variance, total fear scores were a significant function of N but not E. Extreme or phobic fears were a significant function of neither personality dimensions, though the N effect approached conventional significance levels. Correlational analyses on the full sample confirmed these findings, except that a statistically significant though slight (6 percent) proportion of extreme fear variance was accountable by N.     

Differential Prediction of Resilience Among Individuals With and Without a History of Abuse

The authors evaluated the differential relationship between mutuality, hope, and spirituality for predicting resilience among 253 young adult participants (47 men, 206 women; M = 22, SD = 5.7) with a history of abuse (n = 64) and without (n = 189). Backward stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed statistically significant models in populations with a history of abuse (p < .01, R ² = .43) and those without (p < .01, R ² = .36), with no statistical difference in the variance between models (z = 0.51, p = .30). Implications for counselors are provided.     

Knowledge despite falsehood

I examine the claim, made by some authors, that we sometimes acquire knowledge from falsehood. I focus on two representative cases in which a subject S infers a proposition q from a false proposition p. If S knows that q, I argue, S's false belief that p is not essential to S's cognition. S's knowledge is instead due to S's belief that p′, a proposition in the neighbourhood of p that S (dispositionally) believes (and knows). S thus knows despite her false belief. The widely accepted and plausible principle that inferential knowledge requires known premises is unscathed.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article: Addison-Wesley Series on Organization Development. Beckhard , Richard . Organization Development: Strategies and Models. Bennis , Warren G. Organization Development: Its Nature, Origins, and Prospects. Blake , Robert R., and Mouton , Jane Sryglet . Building a Dynamic Corporation through Grid Organization Development. Lawrence , Paul R., and Lorsch , Jay W. Developing Organizations: Diagnosis and Action. Schein , Edgar H. Process Consultation: Its Role in Organization Development. Walton , Richard E. Interpersonal Peacemaking: Confrontations and Third Party Consultation. Buros , Oscar Krisen (Editor) Personality Tests and Reviews. (Including an Index to The Mental Measurements Year-books Mc Clelland , David C., Winter , David G., et al. Motivating Economic Achievement. Goldthorpe , John H., Lockwood , David , Bechhofer , Frank , and Platt , Jennifer . The Affluent Worker in the Class Structure. Markin , Rom J. The Psychology of Consumer Behavior. Chadwick -Jones , John . Automation and Behaviour: A Social Psychological Study. Rezler , Julius . Automation and Industrial Labor. Hersey , Paul , and Blanchard , Kenneth H. Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources. Haimann , Theo , and Scott , William G. Management in the Modern Organization. Fillet , Alan C., and House , Robert J. Managerial Process and Organizational Behavior. Cohen , Guido B. The Task-tuned Organization of Groups Doeringer , Peter B. (Editor) Programs to Employ the Disadvantaged. Powers , Thompson . (Editor) Now Hear This! Equal Employment Opportunity: Compliance and Affirmative Action. Rosen , Ned A. Leadership Change and Work-Group Dynamics: An Experiment. Carvell , Fred J. Human Relations in Business. Wortman , Max S., Jr ., and Luthans , Fred . (Editors) Emerging Concepts in Management: Process, Behavioral, Quantitative, and Systems. Kellogg , Marion S. When Man and Manager Talk … A Casebook. Siegel , Arthur I., and Wolf , J. Jay . Man-Machine Simulation Models: Psychosocial and Performance Interaction. The Dun & Bradstreet Business Library, Vols. 1–5. Vol. 1, Successful Sales Managing. Vol. 2, Patterns for Success in Managing a Business. Vol. 3, Managing Your Manpower. Vol. 4, Human Values in Management. Vol. 5, What the Manager Should Know about the Computer. Bruce , Martin , M. A Guide to Human Relations in Business and Industry.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Bowers , David G. and Franklin , Jerome L. Survey-Guided Development I: Data-Based Organizational Change. Hausser , Doris L., Pecorella , Patricia A. and Wissler , Anne L. Survey-Guided Development II: A Manual for Consultants. Franklin , Jerome L., Wissler , Anne L. and Spencer , Gregory J. Survey-Guided Development III: A- Manual for Concepts Training. Nadler , David A. Feedback and Organization Development: Using Data-Based Methods. Mc Donald , John . The Game of Business. Beckhard , Richard and Harris , Reuben T. Organizational Transitions: Managing Complex Change. Dyer , William G. Team Building: Issues and Alternatives. Neff , Walter S. Work and Human Behavior. Weiler , Nicholas W. Reality and Career Planning: A Guide for Personal Growth. Hackman , J. Richard , Lawler , Edward E., III and Porter , Lyman W. (Editors) Perspectives on Behavior in Organizations. Heaton , Herbert . Productivity in Service Organizations: Organizing for People. Katzell , Raymond A., Bienstock , Penny and Faerstein , Paul H. A Guide to Worker Productivity Experiments in the United States 1971-1975. Yoder , Dale and Heneman , Herbert G., Jr . (Editors) Administration and Organization: Volume VI, AS PA Handbook of Personnel and Industrial Relations. Gyllenhammar , Pehr G. People at Work Sheppard , Harold L. and Rix , Sarae E. The Graying of Working America: The Coming Crisis of Retirement-Age Policy. Larwood , Laurie and Wood , Marion M. Women in Management. Hornbruch , Frederick W., Jr . Raising Productivity: Ten Case Histories and Their Lessons. Suskin , Harold . (Editor) Job Evaluation and Pay Administration in the Public Sector. Reubens , Beatrice G. Bridges to Work: International Comparisons of Transition Services. Adams , John , Hayes , John and Hopson , Barrie . Transition: Understanding and Managing Personal Change. Sturdivant , Frederick D. Business and Society: A Managerial Approach. Sturdivant , Frederick D. and Robinson , Larry M. The Corporate Social Challenge: Cases and Commentaries. Gray , Jerry L. and Starke , Frederick A. Organizational Behavior: Concepts and Applications. Gray , Jerry L. and Starke , Frederick A. (Editors) Readings in Organizational Behavior: Concepts and Applications. Hamner , W. Clay and Schmidt , Frank L. (Editors) Comtemporary Problems in Personnel. Lefton , Robert E., Buzzotta , V. R., Sherberg , Manuel and Karraker , Dean L. Motivation through Performance Appraisal: Dimensional Appraisal Strategies. Petersen , Dan . Safety Supervision. Viola , Richard H. Organizations in a Changing Society: Administration and Human Values. Kovach , Kenneth A. Organization Size, Job Satisfaction, Absenteeism and Turnover. Sundberg , Norman D. Assessment of Persons. Shout , Howard F. Start Supervising.     

BOOK REVIEW

Book review in this Article The Ethos of the Bible. By Birger Gerhardsson. The Prophets, Vol. 1: The Assyrian Period. By Klaus Koch. The Gospel according to Saint John, Vol. 3. By Rudolf Schnackenburg. The Social Setting of Pauline Christianity. By Gerd Theissen. Jewish and Christian Self-Definition, Vol. 3: Self-Definition in the Craeco-Roman World. Edited by Ben F. Meyer and E.P. Sanders. The Church and Healing. Edited by W.J. Sheils. Miracles and the Medieval Mind: Theory, Record and Event, 1000 to 1215. By Benedicta Ward. The Luminous Vision; Six Medieval Mystics and their Teaching. By Anne Bancroft. Astrology in the Renaissance: The Zodiac of Life. By Eugenio Garin. Lay Culture, Learned Culture: Books and Social Change in Strasbourg 1480–1599. By M.U. Umgang mil Luther. By Gerhard Ebeling. The Reformation and the English People. By J.J. Scarisbrick. Between Orthodoxy and Enlightenment: Jean-Robert Chouet and the Introduction of Cartesian Science in the Academy of Geneva. By Michael Heyd. Richard Crashaw and the Spanish Golden Age. By R.V. Young. The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century: The Religion of Rabelais. By Lucien Febvre, translated by Beatrice Gottlieb. History of Christianity in India, Vol. II: From the Middle of the 16th to the End of the 17th Century. By Joseph Thekkedath. The Vatican and the American Hierarchy from 1870 to 1965. By Gerald P. Fogarty. Nationalism, Positivism and Catholicism: The Politics of Charles Maurras and French Catholics 1890–1914. By Michael Sutton. George Tyrrell and the Catholic Tradition. By Ellen Leonard. The Testing of the Churches 1932–1982: A Symposium. Edited by Rupert Davies. The Old Protestantism and the New: Essays on the Reformation Heritage. By B.A. Gerrish. An Introduction to Protestant Theology. By Helmut Gollwitzer. Dialogues on Morality and Religion. By Jakob Friedrich Fries. American Catholic Social Ethics: Twentieth-Century Approaches. By Charles E. Curran. Ethical Issues in Reproductive Medicine. Edited by Maurice Reidy. Michel Foucault: Social Theory as Transgression. By Charles C. Lemert and Garth Gillan. Last Writingson the Philosophy of Psychology. Vol. I. By Ludwig Wittgenstein. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. By Michael J. Sandel. Free Speech: A Philosophical Enquiry. By Frederick Schauer. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. By Walter J. Ong. Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa. By James W. Fernandez. Selfless Persons. By Steven Collins. Understanding Jewish Mysticism: A Source Reader Edited by David R. Blumenthal. The Epistle on the Possibility of Conjunction with the Active Intellect, by Ibn Rushd, with the Commentary of Moses Narboni. Edited and translated by Kalman P. Bland.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed: Silence and the Word, edited by Oliver Davies and Denys Turner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) xii + 227 pp.
Reviewed by Jeffrey McCurry
Graduate Program in Religion
Duke University
Durham, NC 27708
USA Augustine and Modernity by Michael Hanby (London and New York: Routledge, 2003) xii + 292 pp.
Reviewed by John Cavadini
Department of Theology
University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, IN 46556
USA Levinas, Judaism and the Feminine: the silent footsteps of Rebecca by Claire Elise Katz (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2004) xvi + 199 pp.
Reviewed by Randi Rashkover
Religious Studies
York College of Pennsylvania
York, PA 17405‐7199
USA Radical Evil: A Philosophical Interrogation, by Richard J. Bernstein (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002) xi + 289 pp.
Reviewed by Michael Hoelzl
Department of Religions and Theology
University of Manchester
Oxford Road
Manchester, M13 9PL
UK Genealogy of Nihilism: Philosophies of Nothing and the Difference of Theology by Conor Cunningham (London: Routledge, 2002) xviii + 303 pp.
Reviewed by John R. Betz
Department of Theology
Loyola College in Maryland
Baltimore, MD 21210
USA Wie Machbar ist der Mensch? Eine philosophische und theologische Orientierung, edited by Holger Zaborowski (Mainz: Matthias‐Grünewald‐Verlag, 2003) + 228 pp.
Reviewed by Michael Mack
Department of Germanic Studies
The University of Sydney
A‐17 Mungo MacCullum Building
NSW 2006
AUSTRALIA The Ark of Speech by Jean‐Louis Chrétien (London and New York: Routledge, 2004) v + 170 pp.
Reviewed by Mary‐Jane Rubenstein
Columbia University
Department of Religion
80 Claremont Avenue
New York, NY 10027
USA Bonds of Imperfection: Christian Politics, Past and Present by Oliver O’Donovan and Joan Lockwood O’Donovan (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2004) vi + 324 pp.
Reviewed by Daniel M. Bell, Jr.
Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary
Columbia, SC 29203
USA Edward Schillebeeckx: A Theologian in His History. Volume I: A Catholic Theology of Culture (1914–1965) by Erik Borgman, translated by John Bowden (London and New York: Continuum, 2003) xii + 468 pp.
Reviewed by Lieven Boeve
Faculty of Theology
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Sint‐Michielsstraat 6
3000 Leuven
BELGIUM Religion, Theology and the Human Sciences by Richard H. Roberts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) xiv + 334 pp.
Reviewed by John C. McDowell
New College
Mound Place
University of Edinburgh
Edinburgh, EH1 2LX
SCOTLAND     

A Statistical Hypothesis Testing Method for the Rank Ordering of the Priorities of the Alternatives in the Analytic Hierarchy Process

In analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a ratio scale (π₁, π₂, ⋯, π_t) for the priorities of the alternatives {T₁, T₂, ⋯, T_t} is used for a decision problem in which π_i/π_j is used to quantify the ratio of the priority of T_i to that of T_j. In a group decision‐making setup, the subjective estimates of π_i/π_j are obtained as entries of a pairwise comparison matrix for each member of the group. On the basis of these pairwise comparison matrices, one of the topics of interest in some situation is the total rank ordering of the priorities of the alternatives. In this article, a statistical method is proposed for testing a specific total rank ordering of the priorities of the alternatives. The method developed is then illustrated using numerical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.