信息与中西医临床诊治和决策研究

医学、生命科学是世界上最复杂的学科,其所涉及的知识面,几乎包含了现代科学及相关学科所有领域的知识面。这些知识面均以“信息的载体”表达出来,且信息随着各学科的发展,各种信息浩如烟海,因此如何对待医学知识信息的获取、选择、寻觅、探索、利用知识信息密切联系所诊治的病人及其专业,作出临床决策,将各种信息、包括信息知识标准规范化和信息反映疾病过程出现的假象和隐蔽信息的获取等予以分类,并用实际病例举例例证,以说明“信息”评价在医学思维临床决策中的重要性。     

信息是现象,是功能,还是假象?

60—70年代对信息问题进行的热烈讨论,当然不是徒劳无益的。关于信息与反映、信息与控制的相互联系的原理得到了确认;信息即使没有获得哲学范畴的地位,起码也获得了一般科学范畴的地位。但不管怎么说,还是留下了许多晦暗不明的东西。40年前Н·维纳的否定性说明“信息就是信息,而不是物质,也不是能量”,至今仍是不易之论。在我们的哲学科学中,两种最具权威性的(但远非绝无仅有的)观点即属性观和功能观,15年来一直相互对立着。两种观点都断言,信息存在于客观现实之中,但在非生物界中是否存在信息的问题上     

希望 平安 爱的信息

在我们基督徒看来,主耶稣基督的复活既不是神话,也不是传说;不仅是可能的事情,而且是已经发生的事实,基督已经复活了。那么到底复活带给我们什么样的信息呢?第一、希望的信息 对于基督徒来说,从跟随主的那一刻起,复活就成了我们信仰的一部分,甚至是很重要的一部分,因为没有基督的复活就没有我们将来的复活。 基督的复活带给我们希     

再探生命科学与生命的定义

21世纪是生命科学的世纪,生命科学的发展关系到人类的前途与命运,直接影响着21世纪人类的生存模式,因此,从源头上对生命科学的定义进行重新探索就显得尤为必要.本文试给生命科学做出如下定义:以人自身生命系统为研究主体;运用宇宙生命全息论和原初与续发理论,研究生命系统自身在信息能量主导下的生物功能、调控机理和演化规律;研究生命系统之间信息能量的沟通、转换与统一,最终实现生命系统个体的完善与整体的和谐;生命系统具有自相似性和普遍性的特点.进而给生命做了重新的定义:凡具有时空过程皆为生命.     

具有中国特色的信息哲学?——评邬焜教授的信息哲学体系

邬焜的信息哲学是依附于斯大林教科书体系的自然辩证法和20世纪80年代思想解放相结合的产物,具有明显的中国"特色"。该哲学体系通过对存在领域的重新划分发现了被以往哲学理论所忽视的客观不实在域——他称之为信息世界。他的哲学体系中的信息与日常生活意义上的信息并不相同,因此,不是真正关于"信息"的哲学。恰当的信息理论框架应该是一个涵盖客观规律、主观意义和主体间规范的跨学科框架。     

因果判断中经验与共变信息的结合及各自作用

研究使用相继呈现信息的方法控制了被试获得信息的顺序,从而将经验和共变信息在因果判断中所起到的作用分离了出来。结果表明：（1）个体综合两种信息进行因果判断的过程既不是简单的相加操作,也不是使用经验信息控制共变信息的进入,而是先判断经验信息,再判断共变信息是否与之一致,当出现不一致的情况时又重新考虑经验信息。（2）在改变先前判断的过程中,经验信息所起的作用更大,其中又以当其证明待判断原因不可信时所产生的改变更大。     

信息与世界观

目前正在广泛地讨论信息对于个人和社会的意义。讨论的问题涉及原始信息、通讯技术、工业的机器人化、管理工作的计算机化和科学的数学化。哲学上有依据的各种原理的研究论题提出了许多需要专门加以探讨的、令人注意的唯物主义辩证法和认识论的问题,例如概念的形成和发展及其文字表达,衡量与评价、结构与功能、原始资料与信息的关系等问题。但这些问题并不是本文探讨的对象。本文仅从世界观方面,阐述随着信息工艺的迅速发展,信息对人们的意义。但是只有在原则性的争论中才触及世界观。此外,经验也表明,     

展示道具的客体信息研究

展示设计活动是人的主观活动,这种主观性的前提是实践的二元论,即主体与客体的关系。展示道具是主体活动相对应的客体,这个客体的主要目的是传递信息,但它传递的应该是说明信息的信息,因为展示设计活动服务的对象是展品而不是展示道具本身,针对不同的展示目的展示道具传达的信息也应该是有差异的。     

文本阅读中简单推理情境下的信息整合

研究采用动窗技术探讨了文本阅读中需要简单推理情境下的信息整合发生的时机。本研究通过三个实验证明了在需要简单推理情境下的文本阅读中 ,需要推理的信息整合是即时发生的 ,而不是经过追溯才发生 ,在这种情况下支持文本阅读的更新追随假设理论。同时本研究发现文本阅读中协调性整合不是以词为单位的。     

9—16岁儿童因果判断过程中经验信息与共变信息的作用

本研究考察了小学、初中、高中三个年龄组的被试在使用经验信息和共变信息进行因果判断时所具有的不同特点。研究结果表明:(1)当经验信息无法证明待判断原因是否可信时,共变信息的作用要大一些;(2)随着被试年龄的增长,他们越来越多地采用共变信息进行判断;(3)ΔP值的作用并不是直线性的,只有当它增大到一定程度时,被试才会改变自己的判断。     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.