共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
简单结构刺激非规则特征突显条件下的样例效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
用变化了的Allen和Brooks的实验范式,采用2(学习轮次:5轮、10轮)×2(项目类型:旧项目、新项目)×2(项目匹配性质:正向匹配、反向匹配)混合实验设计,研究对4个特征刺激分类时非规则特征突显条件下的样例效应。结果发现,无论是错误率还是反应时都取得了明显的样例效应,但是学习时间的影响不明显。 相似文献
2.
3.
采用“学习-迁移”范式 ,探讨了学习条件和样例相似性对类别学习元认知监控的影响。实验选取虚构动物材料,采用2(学习条件:规则、无规则)×3(样例相似性:低、中、高)×2(匹配类型:正向匹配、反向匹配)混合实验设计,结果显示,在规则条件下,高样例相似性组正向匹配新项目的分类正确率显著高于反向匹配新项目的分类正确率;在无规则条件下,样例相似性越高,正向匹配新项目的分类准确率越高,所有项目的信心值也越高。这表明,规则和样例相似性是类别学习元认知判断的线索;在同一任务中,分类会涉及基于规则和基于相似性两个过程。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
初步考察了社会判断过程中样例激活效应存在的条件、作用、强度和指向。被试为西北师范大学教育科学学院心理系2年级学生160人。实验结果表明:(1)样例激活效应在强启动和弱启动条件下都存在,而且表现为同化效应。(2)在强启动条件下,样例激活效应表现强烈。进一步讲,正、反样例对高、低效价的靶子都有同化效应,但正面样例对低效价靶子的效应更强;而反面样例对高效价靶子的效应更强。(3)在弱启动条件下,样例效价和靶子效价共同影响着社会判断及其决策过程,样例激活效应明显弱化,具体表现为:①样例激活仅对低效价靶子的判断影响显著,对高效价靶子影响不显著;②从具体样例对高、低效价靶子效应强度的比较看,正面样例对低效价靶子作用更强,反面样例只表现出略微差异。另外,“关联效应”会冲淡样例激活效应 相似文献
8.
旨在探索文本学习中运用先行组织者策略是否会出现知识反转效应,并对效应产生的认知负荷与动机原因加以验证。选取240名大学生,采用2(先备知识)×4(先行组织者类型)两因素被试间设计。结果显示:(1)先行组织者策略的运用出现了部分知识反转效应,低先备知识者在文字加模型组织者和模型组织者条件下的学习成绩好于文字组织者和无先行组织者条件,而高先备知识者在各教学条件下的学习成绩无显著差异。(2)低先备知识者在模型组织者条件下的心理努力和脑力负荷显著低于文字组织者和无组织者条件,在文字加模型组织者条件下的学习兴趣显著高于无组织者条件,而高先备知识者在各教学条件下的认知负荷与动机均无显著差异。结论:文本学习中先行组织者策略的运用产生了部分知识反转效应,低先备知识者更适宜于文字加模型组织者和模型组织者教学,高先备知识者更适宜于直接教学;证实了知识反转效应产生原因的认知负荷与动机两种解释。 相似文献
9.
333名初中生被分配到基于描述表征的两种条件下,分别对获得框架与损失框架下的风险回避类与风险寻求类学习时间选项进行抉择,以探讨信息外部表征对学习决策框架效应的影响.结果表明:1)在基于描述表征的条件下,学习决策领域中存在框架效应,但有其领域特殊性,被试在获得框架中无明显决策偏向,但在损失框架中的决策明显偏向风险寻求.2)在基于经验表征的条件下,学习决策不存在框架效应.无论是在获得框架还是损失框架中的学习决策均不存在明显的偏向. 相似文献
10.
11.
There is an old but powerful argument for the claim that exhaustive divine foreknowledge is incompatible with the freedom to do otherwise. A crucial ingredient in this argument is the principle of the “Fixity of the Past” (FP). A seemingly new response to this argument has emerged, the so-called “dependence response,” which involves, among other things, abandoning FP for an alternative principle, the principle of the “Fixity of the Independent” (FI). This paper presents three arguments for the claim that FI ought to be preferred to FP.
相似文献12.
13.
Two types of matching designs, static and dynamic, are differentiated. While all matching designs are logically the same in terms of the probability model which determines chance level of performance, an attempt is made to demonstrate that there is an interaction between the tactics, strategies, and actual knowledge ofS and the type of design used which will, in turn, lead to different results even whenS's knowledge is held constant. It is suggested that analogous situations may exist within the framework of the traditional psychometric model.The work reported in this paper was supported by a National Science Foundation Undergraduate Research Participation Grant (NSF-G15797) to the senior author. The authors are indebted to Joel E. Greene for his advice and criticism. 相似文献
14.
《Canadian journal of philosophy》2012,42(3):303-321
If practical reasoning deserves its name, its form must be different from that of ordinary (theoretical) reasoning. A few have thought that the conclusion of practical reasoning is an action, rather than a mental state. I argue here that if the conclusion is an action, then so too is one of the premises. You might reason your way from doing one thing to doing another: from browsing journal abstracts to reading a particular journal article. I motivate this by sympathetically re-examining Hume's claim that a conclusion about what ought to be done follows only from an argument one of whose premises is likewise about what ought to be done. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.