Trauma und Traumafolgen aus psychodynamischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Posttraumatische Störungen sind psychogene Erkrankungen, die durch Traumatisierungen bewirkt werden. Das sind seelische Verletzungen, die schwer oder gar nicht bewältigt werden können. Die Störungen beruhen auf unterschiedlichen Arten von katastrophalen Erlebnissen und können mit zeitlicher Verzögerung, unabhängig von einer spezifischen Disposition, also auch bei bis dahin völlig gesunden Menschen, zu einer vorübergehenden, länger andauernden oder lang anhaltenden Störung im seelischen und körperlichen Bereich und zu einer Veränderung der Persönlichkeit führen. Diese Störungen sind außerordentlich häufig und haben eine große Vielfalt in Hinblick auf ihre Entstehung und ihre Krankheitserscheinungen. Dynamik und Folgen traumatischer seelischer Verletzungen werden in diesem Beitrag systematisch aus psychoanalytisch orientierter Perspektive untersucht und dargestellt.     

Psychotherapeutenausbildung aus Sicht der Absolventen

Background

A survey was performed to assess the current situation in education and to identify critical issues 10 years after the inception of the psychotherapy act in Germany.

Methods

In August 2008 all non-medical psychotherapists who had graduated since 2002 according the psychotherapy act were invited to take part in the survey and a total of 863 persons participated. The answers from 666 could be evaluated corresponding to a participation rate of 20%.

Results

A total of 57.6% of the graduates had completed a full-time training and approximately 50% of the graduates had completed the training within the allotted time. In the majority of cases evaluation occurred only for the theoretical courses. During the practical work (PT I) 36.8% of the graduates did not receive any salary or remuneration, 82% had their own field of activity and of these 38% treated patients without the presence of qualified tutor.

Conclusions

The training often lasts longer than intended, the financial situation in the PT I is exceptionally critical and in clear contrast to the field of activity in this section of training. Further detailed results will be presented and discussed.     

Die Psychotherapeutenausbildung aus Sicht der Teilnehmer

Background

A survey was performed to assess the current situation in education and to identify critical issues 10 years after the inception of the German law regulating the education of psychological psychotherapists and child and adolescent psychotherapists. The study reports the results of a nationwide survey of German psychological psychotherapists and child and adolescent psychotherapists currently in training. The aim of the survey was to evaluate the individual sections of training, desired alterations and structural and financial conditions.

Methods

All trainees were contacted via the training institutes and the umbrella organizations. A total of 3,223 trainees participated and answered questions mainly using an online questionnaire.

Results

Most respondents practiced their training part-time and in most cases the trainees thought that the training would last longer than initially expected. The practical training was rated most poorly, whereas practical education and individual supervision were rated as most useful. The survey revealed deficits concerning the evaluation of the quality of several components of the training.

Conclusions

From the perspective of the trainees there is a necessity to modify the financial conditions of the training. This result has been considered in the recommendations of a research expertise on psychotherapy training and should stimulate further research.     

Erwachsenenschutz bei dementen Patienten aus rechtlicher Sicht

Das 2. Erwachsenenschutz-Gesetz brachte 2017 eine gewisse Neupositionierung in Bezug auf nicht entscheidungsfähige Patienten. Im neuen Recht liegt es wie bisher am Arzt selbst, die Entscheidungsfähigkeit zu beurteilen. Vor Einschalten eines Vertreters greift eine spezielle Unterstützungspflicht (Beiziehung einer Vertrauensperson), um eine Entscheidungsfähigkeit doch noch zu erlangen. Ansonsten erfolgt – abgesehen von Fällen einer Gefahr in Verzug – die Aufklärung gegenüber dem Vertreter des Patienten, der eine allfällige Einwilligung zu erteilen hat. Eine gerichtliche Zustimmung ist grundsätzlich nicht mehr einzuholen.     

Ambulante Psychotherapie in Deutschland aus Sicht der Patienten

This study analyzed the provision of outpatient psychotherapy services in Germany in typical practice settings. In a representative survey (from June 2008 to September 2009) 1,212 subjects who received outpatient psychotherapy during the past 6 years were questioned about their experiences with outpatient psychotherapy via telephone interviews. Socio-economic data, reasons for seeking treatment, access paths, financial resources and psychosocial support data were collected. Therapeutic settings and modalities and concomitant medication treatment are described. The findings illustrate the problem of multiple psychiatric morbidity in the clinical practice and confirm the urgent need for patient access to professional psychotherapeutic services. Improving access to these services requires close cooperation between care providers.     

Behandlungskrisen ambulanter Psychotherapien aus der Sicht einer Krisenstation

The purpose of the following study is to identify characteristics of the clinical treatment of patients who came into a crisis during an out-patient psychotherapy and were admitted to a crisis intervention ward. Most of the patients particularly reacted to a disruption of the treatment process as a result of conflicts in their relationship with their therapists. By means of a psychodynamic short diagnostics these conflicts were elucidated although they were often hidden and had to be traced back to their origins in the therapeutic relationship. Moreover, the authors describe their therapeutic focus on the conflict-solution-oriented short-term psychotherapy of the disruption of the therapeutic bond between patient and therapist which leads to a fixation of the setting. The in-patient crisis intervention aims at preparing the patients to continue the out-patient psychotherapy.     

Erste Erfahrungen mit der operativen Fallanalyse aus der Sicht des Revisionsrichters

Criminal investigative case analysis is a method for identifying the perpetrator of a crime based on an analysis of the nature of the offence and the manner in which it was committed. Various aspects of the criminal’s personality makeup are determined from the choices before, during and after the crime. In German criminal procedural law it is a new investigative tool in preliminary proceedings to give the prosecutor extensive assistance to the police to profile unknown criminal subjects or offenders and to supply more evidence. The Federal High Court has decided that police officers who use this method are not expert witnesses whose evidence can be challenged in the main proceedings by the state attorney.     

Biologie von Ausdruck und Eindruck

Ohne ZusammenfassungTeil I dieser Arbeit erschien in Psychol. Forsch. 31, 113–176 (1967).     

Das tschechoslowakische Modell des Sozialismus — Ursachen,Ziele, Folgen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Psychotherapie von Kriegs- und Folteropfern

Within the context of worldwide migratory movements, numerous victims of war and torture are moving into western countries. Frequently, these patients are in need of psychotherapy, which is partly provided by specialized institutions. Psychotherapists of victims of war and torture have to deal with manifold additional physical, social, material, and legal problems of their clients. Therefore, such patients are best treated by multidisciplinary teams. The psychotherapy of such victims involves the classical methods for the treatment of PTSD; however, these methods may be of limited effect in these patients due to high comorbidity. Additional methods and concepts known from the treatment of complex PTSD and borderline personality disorders must be integrated into therapeutic strategies.     

Wahrheit von innen und aussen

Ohne ZusammenfassungDer hier behandelte Wahrheitsbegriff ist die philosophische Grundlage der 3- und 6-wertigen Logik, die ich in [1], [2] und anderen Arbeiten entwickelt habe. Die Leser, die diese Arbeiten kennen, bitte ich um Nachsicht für einige Wiederholungen, die anderen bitte ich um Nachsicht dafür, daß ich nicht mehr wiederhole.     

经验的破碎(1)--瓦尔特·本雅明:作品、生活、时代和历史的交叠

一、单子论的实例:作品、生活与历史的重合 如果想要说明本雅明思想的前提,必然会导致对他的思想的偏离。几乎很难想象一篇分析文章在开始时可以不涉及他作品的中心。即使是最外围的思想活动也表现为一种运动,运动的力量源泉位于中心。在那里,本雅明自己的生活与历史凝结于作品,外貌的、历史的和理论的形式互相融合在一起。同一个人物通过迥然相异的表现形式一一显现。在个人的面貌中有集体的影