| 急性疼痛与慢性疼痛对奖赏加工的影响及神经机制 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘沛菡,张火垠,张旭凯,李红,雷怡. 急性疼痛与慢性疼痛对奖赏加工的影响及神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2023, 31(3): 402-415. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2023.00402 |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘沛菡 张火垠 张旭凯 李红 雷怡 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.四川师范大学脑与心理科学研究院, 成都 610066;2.深圳大学心理学院, 深圳 518060 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271142);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871130);广东省“脑科学与类脑研究”重大科技专项：自闭症诊疗方法研究(2018B030335001);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(21JZD063);深圳科学与技术研究项目(JCYJ20200109144801736) |
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| 摘 要： | 疼痛和奖赏能够为个体提供不同的行为动机和主观价值体验,寻求奖赏和避免疼痛对于生存都很重要。疼痛可划分为急性疼痛和慢性疼痛,奖赏可区分为预期阶段的动机成分和体验阶段的享乐成分。奖赏对疼痛的抑制作用已经被广泛证实,但关于疼痛对奖赏的影响,目前的研究结果并不一致。因此需要进一步区分并探究急性疼痛与慢性疼痛对奖赏加工不同阶段的影响,分析两种疼痛对奖赏加工产生不一致影响的现象。这种现象出现的原因可能与急性疼痛向慢性疼痛转变过程中出现的奖赏加工能力缺陷有关。未来可以考虑从改善奖赏加工能力缺陷的角度进行检测和治疗,提前预防急性疼痛向慢性疼痛转变。
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| 关 键 词： | 疼痛 急性疼痛 慢性疼痛 奖赏 动机成分 享乐成分 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-15 |
Effects of acute versus chronic pain on reward processing and the underlying neural mechanisms involved |
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| LIU Peihan,ZHANG Huoyin,ZHANG Xukai,LI Hong,LEI Yi. Effects of acute versus chronic pain on reward processing and the underlying neural mechanisms involved[J]. Advances In Psychological Science, 2023, 31(3): 402-415. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2023.00402 |
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| Authors: | LIU Peihan ZHANG Huoyin ZHANG Xukai LI Hong LEI Yi |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China;2.School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China |
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| Abstract: | Pain and reward are two basic motivational factors that regulate human perception and behavior, and can provide individuals with different behavioral motivations and subjective value experiences. Both pain avoidance sand reward seeking are essential for survival. Pain can be categorized into acute and chronic pain, and reward can be differentiated into a motivational component in the anticipatory phase and a hedonic component in the experiential phase. Acute pain increases the motivational component of reward and increases or decreases the hedonic component of reward, whereas chronic pain decreases the motivational component of reward and, and generally, decreases the hedonic component of reward.The neural mechanisms by which pain affects reward are mainly related to changes in the dopamine and opioid systems and neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC). Acute pain affects reward processing through neural mechanisms related to increased dopamine release, functional changes in the opioid system, and modulation of the mPFC. On the other hand, chronic pain leads to abnormal changes in the dopamine system, opioid system, and functional connectivity of the mPFC -voxel nucleus in the reward circuit, and reduces activation of brain regions associated with reward processing. These changes in neural mechanisms suggest that adaptive changes in reward circuits based on pain experience can predict the chronicity of pain. Further analysis revealed that the different effects of acute and chronic pain on reward processing are due to the following four factors: First, different symptom expressions in acute and chronic pain; second, different activities of the dopamine and opioid systems in acute and chronic pain; third, different mechanisms of neural activity in the neural in acute and chronic pain; and fourth, different mechanisms of reward processing in acute and chronic pain caused. In acute pain conditions, activation of brain regions that overlap with reward circuits is enhanced, thereby enhancing the motivational and hedonic components of reward processing; in chronic pain conditions, activation of these brain regions is abnormal, reducing the motivational and hedonic components of reward processing. Owing to the inconsistencies between current findings and previous studies, many issues should be addressed and resolved in the future: First, the issue of reproducibility of studies and comparability of results must/should be addressed by standardizing the relevant experimental operations and using uniform experimental paradigms and measures. Second, the immediate neural activity changes in the neural corresponding with the effects of acute pain and chronic pain on reward processing can be further explored. Next, the differences between acute pain and chronic pain can be examined, and based on these differences, the question of whether different types of chronic pain have different effects on reward processing and different changes in reward processing circuits can be investigated, the effects of different types of chronic pain on reward processing neural circuits can be measured separately, and the transition from acute pain to chronic pain can be prevented. Finally, the effects of different types of chronic pain on reward processing can be explored based on the co-morbidity of chronic pain and mood disorders, and further, the effects of different types of chronic pain on reward processing can be explored. Based on this, the relationship between different degrees of deficits, different types of chronic pain, and mood disorders should be clarified. |
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| Keywords: | pain acute pain chronic pain reward motivational component hedonic component |
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