| 基于问题解决式的类比推理的老化：表面相似性和结构相似性的作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 李美佳,庄丹琪,彭华茂. 基于问题解决式的类比推理的老化：表面相似性和结构相似性的作用[J]. 心理学报, 2018, 50(11): 1282-1291. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01282 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李美佳 庄丹琪 彭华茂 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.北京师范大学发展心理研究院, 北京 1008752 前锦网络信息技术(上海)有限公司北京分公司, 北京 100016 |
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| 基金项目： | * 国家自然科学基金资助(31000466) |
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| 摘 要： | 采用2年龄(老年/年轻)×2表面相似性(高/低)×2结构相似性(高/低)三因素混合设计, 考察表面信息和结构信息在基于问题解决范式的类比推理老化中的作用。结果发现, 老年人的类比推理成绩显著差于年轻人。源问题和靶问题的表面相似性和结构相似性的提高, 会促进个体检索源问题, 并提高推理质量。对于老年人而言, 表面相似性更重要; 对于年轻人而言, 结构相似性更重要。
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| 关 键 词： | 类比推理 迁移 问题解决范式 表面相似性 结构相似性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-10-16 |
The role of surface and structural similarity in analogical reasoning aging: Based on the problem-solving paradigm |
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| LI Meijia,ZHUANG Danqi,PENG Huamao. The role of surface and structural similarity in analogical reasoning aging: Based on the problem-solving paradigm[J]. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2018, 50(11): 1282-1291. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.01282 |
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| Authors: | LI Meijia ZHUANG Danqi PENG Huamao |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China2 Qianjin Network Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., LTD. Beijing branch, Beijing 100016, China |
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| Abstract: | Analogical reasoning is a major form of abstract logical thinking. It refers to the transferring process of knowledge from one situation or field to another. To transfer successfully when facing new problems, it is important for the elderly to retrieve the appropriate sources of knowledge as quickly as possible. Additionally, the elderly rich in life experience are supposed to be the embodiment of wisdom, which is also helpful. Previous research about the elderly’s analogical reasoning mainly focused on the encoding stage, and, in most cases, the task paradigm was rigorous laboratory study. The task paradigm may have generated outcomes against participants’ reactions in natural settings, causing reduced ecological validity and inability to present their real competence. The present study was based on the problem-solving paradigm rather than a laboratory-based experiment. We aimed to figure out whether the elderly retrograde in the retrieval of source problems and whether there exist age differences in the usage of surface information and structural information. The encoding quality between the old and young participants was ensured to be identical. |
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| Keywords: | analogical reasoning transfer problem solving paradigm surface similarity structural similarity |
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