| 学前儿童睡眠问题与语言障碍的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 康丹,李佳佳,蔡术. 学前儿童睡眠问题与语言障碍的关系[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(6): 1270-1281. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.01270 |
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| 作者姓名： | 康丹 李佳佳 蔡术 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南师范大学教育科学学院, 认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410081 |
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| 基金项目： | *湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(19B340) |
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| 摘 要： | 睡眠是个体身心健康发展的重要保障。学前期的睡眠问题可能会对儿童的行为、认知、语言和健康等诸多方面产生负面影响。研究表明, 睡眠呼吸障碍、夜间睡眠不足以及入睡困难等睡眠问题是学前儿童语言障碍的潜在威胁性因素。学者们提出了睡眠记忆巩固假说、警觉性假说和突触稳态假说来解释睡眠问题影响学前儿童语言发展的内在机制。这些研究结果为语言障碍的早期干预提供了一种新思路, 即通过行为干预、药物治疗、手术治疗和游戏干预等睡眠问题干预方式来提高学前儿童的语言能力。未来的研究可以进一步深入分析睡眠问题与语言障碍相关联的内在机制, 了解不同年龄段儿童睡眠问题与语言能力的关系, 以及探究融合教育背景下有效的游戏干预方式。
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| 关 键 词： | 学前儿童 睡眠问题 语言障碍 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-10 |
Preschool children’s sleep problem and language disorder |
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| KANG Dan,LI Jiajia,CAI Shu. Preschool children’s sleep problem and language disorder[J]. Advances In Psychological Science, 2022, 30(6): 1270-1281. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.01270 |
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| Authors: | KANG Dan LI Jiajia CAI Shu |
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| Affiliation: | School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha 410081, China |
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| Abstract: | Sleep problems have a significant impact on the development of preschool children's behavior, cognition, language and health, with language development being of particular concern The current paper is intended to sort out the relationship between preschool children’s sleep problems and language impairment from four perspectives: whether there is a close relationship between sleep problems and language impairment, how sleep problems affect language development, what factors influence the relationship between sleep problems and language impairment, and whether the intervention of sleep problems is effective in improving the language ability of preschool children. First, is there a close relationship between sleep problems and language impairment in preschool children? By reviewing the existing literature both at home and abroad, it is found that sleep problem is a potential factor affecting language impairment in preschool children. On the one hand, the incidence of sleep problems such as difficulty in falling asleep, lack of sleep and sleep disordered breathing in preschool children with language impairment is higher than that in normal children. On the other hand, longer sleep latency, shorter nighttime sleep and the lower sleep efficiency are closely related to more serious communication impairment, less receptive vocabulary and poorer oral expression ability of preschool children with language impairment. Secondly, how do sleep problems affect the language development of preschool children? Drawing upon the existing literature, the paper sorted out three hypotheses on the internal mechanism of sleep problems affecting language development: the sleep dependent memory consolidation hypothesis, the alertness hypothesis and the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis. These three hypotheses demonstrate how sleep problems affect language development from the perspectives of cognitive, physiological and neural mechanisms. Although self-justifying rationale is found in each hypothesis, their explanatory power and scope of application are to some extent challenged in practice. Thirdly, what factors affect the relationship between sleep problems and language disorders in preschool children? Based on the literature review, the paper finds that the relationship between sleep problems and language impairment in preschool children is affected by the severity of sleep problems, family factors, sociocultural factors, and age factors in particular. Finally, is sleep problem intervention effective in improving language impairment in preschool children? Previous studies have shown that behavioral intervention, drug treatment, surgical treatment and play-based intervention help improve the language ability of preschool children. However, it has not been testified why these sleep problem interventions are effective in promoting children's language development. Therefore, previous intervention studies only serve to explain the close correlation between preschool children's sleep problems and language impairment from another perspective, but fail to determine the causal relationship between them. In short, the previous studies both at home and abroad have explored the relationship between sleep problems and language impairment in preschool children. However, the relationship between preschool children's sleep problems and language impairment has not been determined. Many unsolved problems need to be further explored. Future research is expected to provide further insight into the internal mechanism underlying the correlation between sleep problems and language impairment, to facilitate the understanding of the relationship between sleep problems and language ability of children of different ages, and to explore effective game intervention methods in the context of inclusive education. |
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| Keywords: | preschool children sleep problems language disorders |
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