| 人际同步性现象：探索心理咨询过程中同盟关系的新视角 |
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| 引用本文： | 戴晓妍,胡谊,张亚. 人际同步性现象：探索心理咨询过程中同盟关系的新视角[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(9): 2078-2087. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.02078 |
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| 作者姓名： | 戴晓妍 胡谊 张亚 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院;上海市心理健康与危机干预重点实验室, 上海 200062 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年项目(31900767);“心理咨询中咨访关系的神经基础：基于来访者和咨询师大脑同步性的研究”以及上海市科技计划项目资助(20dz2260300);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 人际同步性是指两个或两个以上的人的言语特点、行为表现、生理指标以及神经生理活动在时间上出现重合的现象, 得益于近10年内技术上的突破, 研究者开始对心理咨询领域的人际同步现象进行初步的探索, 试图从该视角揭示心理咨询过程中咨访双方的互动模式和同盟建立的内在机制。近期研究主要关注非言语同步、生理同步、人际脑同步与同盟及其影响因素之间的关系, 并针对它们各自对同盟的作用机制发展出了相应的理论。未来的研究者可以更多地关注同盟动态变化过程中的人际同步性, 发展整合理论来回应同盟建立的内在机制, 并在临床应用上促进具有人际同步性的心理咨询互动过程。
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| 关 键 词： | 人际同步 非言语同步 生理同步 人际脑同步 同盟 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-20 |
Interpersonal synchrony: A new perspective to elucidate the essence of working alliance in psychological counseling |
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| DAI Xiaoyan,HU Yi,ZHANG Ya. Interpersonal synchrony: A new perspective to elucidate the essence of working alliance in psychological counseling[J]. Advances In Psychological Science, 2022, 30(9): 2078-2087. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.02078 |
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| Authors: | DAI Xiaoyan HU Yi ZHANG Ya |
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| Affiliation: | School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Shanghai 200062, China |
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| Abstract: | Interpersonal synchrony (IS) is the co-occurrence of speech features, behavior as well as physiological and neurological activities of two individuals or more. Over the past decade, ever-increasing advancement in the measurement methods of this phenomenon has prompted researchers to make a thorough investigation into almost every aspect of interpersonal interactions, an important research field of which is the therapeutic interaction between the counselor and the client in psychological counseling. Clinical psychologists attempt to reveal the interactional patterns between the psychological counselor and the client and to understand the mechanism underlying the successful establishment of working alliance from the perspective of interpersonal synchrony. This, to a large extent, has addressed the predicament in the study of alliance, that is, a lack of research on interactional features between the counselor-client dyad combined with outdated measurement methods solely dependent on self-report data. To elucidate the interactional features of alliance, researchers mainly focus on the relation between non-verbal synchrony, physiological synchrony as well as interpersonal brain synchrony and working alliance together with its influencing factors. They found that physiological synchrony between the psychological counselor and the client indicated more positive working alliance, and might serve as an objective measure of the counselor's degree of empathy; however, the bidirectional relationship between non-verbal synchrony and alliance and the likelihood of non-verbal synchrony acting as a supplementary form of assessment of alliance quality still require further investigation. Besides, interpersonal brain synchrony has the potential to be an additional neurological indicator of the successful formation of alliance. In terms of the mechanism underlying the successful establishment of alliance, extant theories, such as Shared Intentionality Theory, Polyvagal Theory, Social Psychological Theory, Resilience Model and so on, illuminate the rationale behind how interpersonal synchrony brings forth working alliance and even therapeutic effect. Besides, Oxytocin Synchrony Hypothesis focuses on the biological mechanism of the formation of alliance while Interpersonal Synchrony Model (In-Sync Model) combines different modes of interpersonal synchrony (i.e., non-verbal synchrony and interpersonal brain synchrony) and provides a more integrative theory to uncover the mechanism. Nevertheless, there are still some key issues yet to be addressed in this research field. First, whether interpersonal synchrony can act as an objective indicator of the successful formation of alliance requires further evidence. Additionally, while it is vital to differentiate between different components of alliance (i.e., trait-like component and state-like component) and different types of non-verbal synchrony (i.e., counselor-led synchrony and client-led synchrony), extant research seldom takes the dynamic nature of interpersonal synchrony into account and investigates its contribution to the state-like component of alliance. Furthermore, there still lack theories and empirical evidence devoted to integrating different modes of interpersonal synchrony to uncover the interactional features during the formation of alliance, with the majority of current theories only centered on a single mode of interpersonal synchrony; although the In-Sync Model tries to take both non-verbal synchrony and interpersonal brain synchrony into account, it lacks empirical validation and requires further refinements. Future researchers should integrate different types and modes of interpersonal synchrony when studying its relation with alliance and other influencing factors, pay more attention to the dynamics of interpersonal synchrony alongside the change of working alliance, develop more integrative theories to reveal the essence of working alliance, and, in clinical practice, promote the type of interaction in psychological counseling that features interpersonal synchrony between the psychological counselor and the client. |
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| Keywords: | interpersonal synchrony non-verbal synchrony physiological synchrony interpersonal brain synchrony alliance |
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