| 认知加工的自动化现象：从二分法到渐进观 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈圣栋,陈永强,高伟,罗利,杨洁敏,袁加锦. 认知加工的自动化现象：从二分法到渐进观[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(9): 1556-1563. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01556 |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈圣栋 陈永强 高伟 罗利 杨洁敏 袁加锦 |
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| 作者单位： | 西南大学心理学部, 认知与人格教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国自然科学基金(NSFC31671164);中国自然科学基金(NSFC31871103);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(SWU1809359) |
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| 摘 要： | 认知自动化是人类学习和进步的必经之路。传统的二分法通过无意识等特征简单地将认知加工过程分为受控加工与自动化加工。但这些特征取决于研究者所采用的研究范式, 不具有普适性。近年来研究者根据注意资源有限理论提出自动化是一个渐进的过程, 而注意资源需求的减少是自动化发展的核心特征。相比二分法, 这种渐进观更加符合实证研究的发现。而且, 渐进观在信息加工自动化理论和技能习得理论的阶段性中都得以体现, 进一步证明了渐进观的普适性。
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| 关 键 词： | 信息加工 技能习得 自动化 无意识 注意 注意资源理论 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-01-04 |
The automaticity in cognitive processing: From dichotomy to gradual view |
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| CHEN ShengDong,CHEN YongQiang,GAO Wei,LUO Li,YANG JieMin,YUAN JiaJin. The automaticity in cognitive processing: From dichotomy to gradual view[J]. Advances In Psychological Science, 2019, 27(9): 1556-1563. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.01556 |
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| Authors: | CHEN ShengDong CHEN YongQiang GAO Wei LUO Li YANG JieMin YUAN JiaJin |
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| Affiliation: | School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China |
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| Abstract: | Cognitive automaticity is an inevitable road for human learning and progress. The traditional dichotomy view classifies cognitive processes into controlled or automatic processes according to certain features of cognitive processes (e.g., unconsciousness). However, these features are not universal but up to the experimental paradigms used by researchers. New viewpoints based on the attentional resources theory have been developed recently, taking the controlled-automatic process as a continuous dimension and the decreases of attentional resources as the central feature of the development of automaticity. Compared with dichotomy, the gradual view accords better with empirical findings. Further, the gradual view can be appliaed in both cognitive information processing and the stages model of skill acquisition theory, which confirmed the universality of gradual view. |
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| Keywords: | information processing skill acquisition automaticity implicit attention attentional resources theory |
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